568 
Ibt RURAL NEW.YORKER 
March 29, 1919 
Wnm mr r**' 
RACINE 
“COUNTRY ROAD” 
77ie Tire of 
Extra Tested Quality 
B IG dividends in extra mileage 
are paid by the Racine Country 
Road tire. It’s in a quality class all 
its own. You hear only good words 
for this Racine Rubber Company 
product. It gives true tire satisfaction. 
Exira Care—Extra Wear 
Careful, painstaking Extra Tests are applied to each 
step in the construction of Racine Country Road tires. 
Each yard of fabric is extra tested; all rubber stock as well. 
This extra care in the factory means extra wear on the 
road. On your car,the Racine Country Road will confirm 
the good judgment of those thousands who use it now. 
It will pay you to know your nearest Racine dealer. 
For your own protection be certain every 
Racine Tire you buy bears the name 
Racine Rubber Company, Racine, Wisconsin 
Write for the Free Book— 44 Extra Tests and Extra Miles.” 
n . , _ . Get our low 1919 prices. Farm- 
Klim AC 1 1 A/II 1 P eragents wanted. Sample free. 
UIIIUGI 1 VVIIIC THE0 BUtlT 8 S0NS Melrose, Ohio 
100 BOND LETTERHEADS a% Bo p n n„ted; 
all prepaid, $ 1 . 55 . THK SAl.ES MAUT, Wbilrn jrville, Conn. 
Hie THRESHING PROBLEM 
f rpn Threshes cowpeas and soybeans 
jULVLLF from the mown vines, wheat. 
oats, rye and' barley. A perfect 
combination machine. Nothing like it. "The 
machine 1 have been looking for for 20 
years." W. E. Massey. "It will meet every 
demand," H. A. Morgan, Director Tenn. Exp. 
Station. Booklet 30 free. 
Roger Pea &'BeanThresher Co., Morristown.Tenn. 
[| When you write advertisers mention 
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get 
a quick reply and a “square deal. ” See 
1 guarantee editorial page. 
1 *=- 1 -- J 
Mr» Dairyman ! 
Heal Those Sore Teats 
A cow with sore or chapped teats will not do her best. 
But you can easily heal that condition and bring her 
back to full milk flow. Rub in gently an application of 
NORTH STAR 
Antiseptic Compound 
WOOL FAT 
4 
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from sheep’s wool combined with a powerful disinfectant. * C" 
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tissues. Use it also on horsesfor all skin and fleshsores. ^ 
Healthy new skin will soon form. You will get your reward 
at the milk pail. This Compound is a natural skin fat 
from sheep’s wool combined with a powerful disinfectan 
It prevents infection and aids Nature in restoring injured 
Trial Box Free to You 
We want you to prove at our expense what North 
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S xi 
North Star Chemical Works, Inc. 
' 
Dept. C Lawrence, Mass. 
TO DEALERS: If you do not sell 
North Star AntisepticCompound 
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Farm Mechanics 
A Pumping Problem 
Will a pump draw up water as per 
liagram? s. a. m. 
Huguenot, N. Y. 
From your question I presume that you 
intend to place the pump at the house. 
If this is the case the scheme would be a 
failure, because the pump would be above 
suction distance from the spring. This 
term “suction” is a very misleading one. 
People think of it as some “mustard 
plaster” ability that a pump possesses 
that enables it to pull water up the pipe 
from the well, and rightly think this be¬ 
ing the case, all that is needed to draw 
water to a great height is a larger and 
stronger pump. As a matter of fact the 
water is not drawn up the pipe but forced 
up by a force acting from below. This 
force is called atmospheric pressure, and 
it is caused by the weight of the air rest¬ 
ing on the surface of the earth and press¬ 
ing upon it because of its weight and 
gaseous state in every direction. This 
pressure is equal to about 15 pounds per 
square inch, and it is this force and this 
(alone that is available to force the water 
from a spring or well up to the bucket or 
plunger of the pump. After getting above 
jthe plunger water may be lifted to any 
(distance,limited only by the power avail¬ 
able and the strength of the pump. 
Anyone who wishes to take the trouble 
can easily prove that air has weight by 
placing a little water in a souare syrup 
can and after it begins to boil freely so 
that the air is driven out and the can 
I filled with steam, remove it from the stove 
and quickly seal it. If cold water is then 
poured over it the contained steam will 
he condensed or changed back to water 
jwhich will leave a vacuum in the can, and 
las there is nothing to support it from that 
side the weight of air outside will crush 
i • 
1 * 
L-- ..SCO -.-. 
Diagram of Punt-piny Problem 
it. Again you can easily find that it is 
something other tbau “suction” which is 
forcing the water up through your pump 
by taking a bottle of water and sticking 
a glass tube or straw such as are used at 
soda fountains down into it and suck the 
water up through the tube. After trying 
this fit the tube or straw through a cork 
that fits the bottle and with hot sealing 
wax or paraffin make all joints tight. 
Now again try to suck water up through. 
No water can be obtained because there 
is no chance for atmospheric pressure to 
enter the bottle in the second case and 
| force water up to your mouth when the 
i pressure was reduced on the upper end 
f the tube by sucking. 
This is exactly the action of the “suc¬ 
tion” pump, the plunger moving upward 
in the cylinder increases the space that 
a given amount of air must fill, and this 
of course reduces the pressure sufficiently 
to permit the pressure of the atmosphere 
acting on the water in the well to force 
some up into the cylinder. At the next 
up stroke (his is repeated, the action be¬ 
ing continued as long as the pump handle 
is worked. As water is a rather heavy 
liquid, weighing about 62.5 pounds per 
cubic foot, it is easily seen that a very 
high column cannot be supported by a 
pressure of 15 pounds. In theory this 
height is about 34 feet, hut in actual prac¬ 
tice, because of imperfect pumps, hin¬ 
drance to flow in the piping and an excess 
of power needed to make the cylinder fill 
quickly, 20 to 25 feet is about the maxi¬ 
mum distance or lift and the closer the 
cylinder can he placed to the water the 
better. From the foreging it is easily 
seen that it is hopeless to think of raising 
the water the distance you suggest with 
a suction pump placed at the house. A 
power operated force pump placed at or 
near the spring might be utilized for the 
purpose. r, h. s. 
Discolored Well Water 
What can be done to an artesian well 
which was drilled last Spring, where the 
water still has the color of the red slate 
rock through which the well is drilled? 
Will the water get clear? Can something 
be done to make it clear? I cannot af¬ 
ford to drill another; this one cost me a 
fortune. l. i. r. 
Sullivan Co., N. Y. 
The question carries no information as 
to whether the “color” spoken of is caused 
by a discoloration of the water, or tur¬ 
bidity, the presence of very'fine particles 
in suspension. These particles may he 
so fine that they remain suspended in the 
water for an indefinite time, giving it a 
roily or turbid appearance, and is dis¬ 
tinguished from coloration by the fact 
that in the latter case the coloring matter 
is dissolved or in solution. If the water 
is actually colored there is probably little 
that can be done to remove the trouble, 
and it may or may not be harmless. If 
turbid, however, it may be possible to 
treat the water with.chemicals so that the 
suspended matter is thrown down to the 
bottom after.being thoroughly mixed in 
and then left undisturbed for a time. If 
the turbidity is caused by clay in suspen¬ 
sion, a small quantity of aluminum sul¬ 
phate will cause it to coagulate and slow¬ 
ly settle to the bottom, while if the 
trouble is from iron, lime is used for the 
same purpose. Chemicals should always 
he handled with caution, however, and I 
would advise sending a sample of this 
water in a thoroughly cleaned and scalded 
bottle (boil the bottle) to the State Ex¬ 
periment Station at Geneva, or the col¬ 
lege station at Cornell University, where 
it can be tested, the proper chemical ad¬ 
vised. if any can be used, and .the least 
amounts iu which the chemical used will 
be effective. r. h. s. 
Cement Tank for Maple Sap 
I am without storage for my sugar 
bush, and galvanized or wooden tanks 
cost, so much I have been thinking of put¬ 
ting up a cement tank that would hold 
about 30 bbls. I want it about 1% or 2 
ft. high, so I can grade up on one side 
and drive up on and empty directly in 
tank without any lifting. Could I, by 
putting this up a couple of weeks before 
I wanted to use it. keep if from 
crumbling and breaking by banking on 
the outside and building a eovor over top 
and keeping an oil stove inside? I thought 
after it had sot in good shape, say a week, 
I could put water in it when not freezing 
hard. Would you give me your opinion 
on this plan? w. .T. p. 
Moravia, N. Y. 
There are a great many cement storage 
tanks scattered throughout the country, 
and they give the best of satisfaction 
when properly constructed. Build a foun¬ 
dation that will not be disturbed, either 
by the action of frost or by any portion 
settling. Arrange the forms. Then mix 
the cement at the rate of one part cement, 
two of sand and four of gravel, and see 
to it that both sand and gravel are clean 
and sharp. Do not use sand that is half 
loam. Mix until all ingredients are thor¬ 
oughly mixed, and then mix it just as 
much more, and then give it another mix¬ 
ing for good measure. A thorough incor¬ 
poration of jail ingredients is the keynote 
to success in doing cement work. Add 
water until the mixture is mushy, but not 
sloppy. Pour into the molds and keep 
well tamped down. Don’t trust to gravity 
to pack it. for the gravel will settle to¬ 
wards the bottom. As soon as the mix¬ 
ture is hard enough to hold together re¬ 
move the inside form and give the interior 
a thiek coating of a mortar made of one 
part cement and three of sand, to which 
about a shovelful of hydrated lime has 
been added for each bag of cement. Then 
smooth this until a hard, glossy surface 
results. 
The lime is to make the mixture water¬ 
proof. and the hard finish is necessary in 
order that the interior may be kept clean 
and sweet. If not so kept the interior 
will become a breeding place for the sap- 
souring bacteria, and its condition will 
grow worse from year to year, and the 
production of a high quality of maple 
sugar will be impossible. Every time the 
tank is emptied it should be thoroughly 
washed and scalded. Then a bucket of 
boiling water should be poured iu. the 
tank covered and kept covered until the 
interior of the tank is cool. At the close 
of the season the tank should receive this 
treatment, and. in addition, a good coat¬ 
ing of lime whitewash. A week’s time 
would be amply sufficient for the cement 
to harden during ordinary Summer 
weather. Whether it will be so or not in 
the present instance will depend upon the 
temperature that can be maintained. Rut. 
with good masonry work, a cement stor¬ 
age* tank will give perfect satisfaction and 
will last indefinitely. c. o. ormsbee. 
Philadelphia Markets 
Putter. 
Best creamery prints, 71 to 72c; tub. 
choice, 6(5 to 68c: packing stock, 38 to 
40c*. 
EGGS. 
Nearby choice. 45 to 46c; gathered, 
best, 38 to 40c; lower grades, 35 to 39c. 
LIVE POULTRY. 
Fowls, 36 to 37c; chickens, 37 to 40c; 
roosters, 26 to 27c; ducks, 40 to 45c. 
PRESSED POULTRY. 
Chickens. 35 to 37c; fowls. 28 to 36c; 
roosters, 27c; squabs, doz., $6 to $10. 
Erupts. 
Apples, bbl.. $7 to $10; cranberries, 
bbl., $20 to $28; strawberries, qt., 40 
to 75c. 
VEGETABLES. 
Potatoes, No. 1, 100 lbs., $1.50 to $2; 
%-bu. bkt., (55 to 75c; sweet potatoes, 
bn.. $2 to $2.75; cabbage, ton, $35 to 
$45; onions, 100 lbs., $1.25 to $4. 
Toledo Grass Seed 
Clover, cash, bu., $28; April, $22.50; 
Timothy, bu.. $5, 
