622 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
April 5, 1919 
This 
CONCRETE 
FEEDING 
FLOOR 
pulled the hog lot 
out of the mud 
—and the hogs 
paid for it 
They wasted no feed 
and produced more 
ham and bacon. 
You pay for a concrete 
feeding floor every 
year until you build 
one. 
Once b'uilt—always 
built. No mud, no dis¬ 
ease, no waste of grain 
—more pork with less 
corn — 100 per cent 
profit annually. CAN 
YOU BEAT IT? 
You can build a concrete 
feeding floor^ 
Write our nearest District Office 
for Bulletin No. 58 
Remember, 
the hogs foot the bill 
PORTLAND 
CEMENT 
ASSOCIATION 
Atlanta 
Chicago 
Dallas 
Denver 
Detroit 
Offices at 
Helena 
Indianapolis 
Kansas City 
Milwaukee 
Minneapolis 
New York 
Parkersburg 
Pittsburgh 
Salt Lake City 
Seattle 
Washington 
Gmcrete far Permanence 
Live Stock Questions 
Answered By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Ration for Dairy Cows 
How near have I got to a balanced ra¬ 
tion for our grade Ilolsteins? I have a 
fair quality of mixed hay, g®od silage 
with all the corn in it. well along in the 
stage of maturity, not lees than 90 bu. per 
acre. I am feeding one part old process 
oilmeal 33 per cent, one part gluten 40 
per cent, one and one-fourth part corn 
and cob meal, and three-fourths part 
ground oats. We have not been able to 
buy cottonseed meal or I should have 
used it instead of linseed ; cannot buy any 
other feeds but bran and a ready-mixed 
dairy ration, 15 per cent protein. What 
is the difference in feeding value of silage 
with all the corn in. well along toward 
maturity, and that without any. or in (lie 
stage of boiling corn? I. L. H. 
Angels, Pa. 
The ration you are feeding to Holstein 
cows ought to give you good results. Un¬ 
less the animals are relatively high in 
flesh I would include more corn and more 
oats in the mixture. I am mindful of the 
fact that your silage supplies a great deal 
of carbohydrates, hut the addition that I 
have suggested would make the ration 
more palatable. If you could secure some 
buckwheat middlings you would still fur T 
ther increase the usefulness of the ration, 
and your final mixture would be : 100 lbs. 
oilmeal, 200 lbs. gluten, 200 lbs. corn- 
meal. 100 lbs. ground oats, 100 lbs. buck¬ 
wheat middlings. 
The gluten is perhaps cheaper than oil¬ 
meal at the present prices. I would not 
include any bran if I had oats or buck¬ 
wheat middlings; neither would I include 
any of the mixed dairy feeds that are at 
the present time selling around $TO a ton. 
There is ail honest difference of opinion 
concerning the relative feeding value of 
silage carrying a high proportion of well- 
matured corn as compared with silage 
procured from corn from which the cars 
have been removed. Personally. I believe 
that we have often exaggerated the im¬ 
portance of maturity of corn, likewise the 
feeding value of silage with the ears un¬ 
touched. especially if we include a gener¬ 
ous amount of corn in our mixture when 
the silage is fed. We are feeding at Briar- 
cliff at the present time some silage that 
was harvested after the frost had hit the 
corn ; in fact, it was put into the silo as 
late as Nov. 25. The cows are apparently 
doing quite as well on this silage, which 
was practically without ears, as they have 
done previously on silage containing a 
generous amount of well-matured ears. 
It appears the succulence and bulk are the 
two requisites of silage, and I am sure 
that we can extend very materially the 
cutting period of silage without greatly 
modifying its feeding value. Chemically 
speaking, all of the experiments that have 
been conducted are favorable to letting 
silage mature until the ears approach the 
glazing stage, claiming that there is a 
larger amount of dry matter, although 
scarcely as digestible. There is argu¬ 
ment favoring the production of a type of 
corn that will yield a large tonnage per 
acre, even though it will not fully ma¬ 
ture ears, inasmuch as this material will 
supply succulence and bulk sufficient to 
meet every renirement of milking cows. It 
is dry matter that determines value even 
though it is in the stalk rather than in 
ripened ears. 
Feeding Cows and Heifers 
Will you kindly advise m<> on the follow¬ 
ing: 1. I have thin, light Timothy hay, 
good silage, with one-third Soy beans, 
good corn and cob meal. I am buying beet 
pulp. Will you give me formula for bal¬ 
anced ration, using corn and cob meal and 
possibly old process oilmeal. cottonseed 
meal, middlings or bran? 2. Will you ad¬ 
vise at what time the various feeds should 
lie given and in how large quantities for 
average to large-sized Western, Guernsey 
ami Jersey cows? 3. Should yearling 
heifers receive same feed, and, if so. in 
" hat proportion to full-grown cow? 
Massachusetts. w. q. k. 
1. It is not necessary to buy beet pulp 
to supplement a ration where corn and 
Soy bean silage is available in abundance. 
Of course, if you have extremely high 
producers and are pressing the cows to 
maximum production, beet pulp will add 
safety to the ration, and will no doubt 
increase the digestibility of the other 
feeds. At its present cost, however, 
around $50 a ton. it is an extremely ex¬ 
pensive source of food, and where I bad 
silage, cob meal and the other concentrates 
you mention, I should try at least to 
eliminate the beet pulp. Assuming that 
you are feeding the cows silage twice a 
day in such quantities as they will clean 
up with relish, that you are feeding them 
all the hay they will clean up once a day, 
the following grain mixture would b" 
well suited for feeding milch cows: 400 
lbs. corn and cob meal, 200 lbs. cottonseed 
meal, 100 lbs. oilmeal and 100 lbs. mid¬ 
dlings or bran. As the latter products 
come from the mill nowadays there is 
very little difference in them, as bran mid¬ 
The 
mid- 
this 
feed 
dlings are nothing but ground bran, 
addition of 100 lbs. of buckwheat 
dlings would improve’ and cheapen 
mixture considerably. 
2. Concerning the amount to 
Guernseys and Jerseys, you will find that 
a 900-lb. Guernsey or Jersey will consume 
from 25 to 35 lbs. of silage, 10 lbs. of hay, 
and, provided she is giving 30 lbs. of five 
per cent milk daily, she would be entitled 
to 10% lbs. of this grain mixture per 
day. Half the silage and half the grain 
should be fed in the morning after milk¬ 
ing, the hay should be fed at noon, and 
the balance of the silage and grain at 
night after milking. 
3. Yearling heifers that have been 
well grown could be wintered on a ration 
less expensive, and, provided you have 
siiage and Timothy hay enough to last 
until pastures are available, it would be 
appropriate to give the yearlings about 
20 lbs. of silage a day. 8 lbs. of hay and 5 
lbs. of a grain mixture made up of 200 
lbs. of corn and cob meal, 100 lbs. of 
buckwheat middlings. and 100 lbs. of cot¬ 
tonseed or oilmeal. I prefer the oilmeal 
to cottonseed for young stock at this sea¬ 
son of the year, for it loosens up their 
coat and enables them to go on to the 
pastures in better physical condition. 
If it is more convenient, it is not nec¬ 
essary to feed the grain to the heifers 
twice daily, as one feeding will do quite 
as well, and I have often thought that 
about as good results follow from feeding 
hay once a day, and silage once a day. 
and grain once a day for young stock not 
in milk. There is nothing to be gained 
in feeding specimens of this sort increased 
amounts of silage unless one has an abun¬ 
dance of this material and does not need 
the excess for the dairy herd. Silage 
conies, in very handy during July and 
August when the pastures are dry, and 
when the milch cows especially require 
more, succulence than they are able to 
obtain from the pastured areas. 
Price-fixing on Cereals 
Is this hearsay correct? The Grain 
Corporation induced tlie Government to 
make the people take substitutes with 
wheat flour, so that they could get rid 
of their corn at wheat prices, thereby 
get a lot of wheat in their hands, so they 
could control the'the wheat market when 
the Government prices stopped, or that 
they could throw the wheat on the mar¬ 
ket and lower the price of wheat so as 
to gobble lip the Government appropria¬ 
tion, after which they could control the 
price of wheat and flour, etc., on the 
plea of supply and demand. The actual 
facts are that the supply will be taken 
from their storehouses and elevators ass 
fast as the demand pays their fixed price. 
Why not the Government or people buy 
the wheat and store it themselve and 
hold it until needed and stop gambling in 
wheat? u. j. e. 
Lancaster, N. Y. 
There is more truth than poetry in 
your contention. Price-fixing is danger¬ 
ous business. Many students of econo¬ 
mics hold that it is manifestly unjust to 
fix a price of any one product without 
controlling the factors that contribute to 
its cost of production and distribution. 
It is true that when the Government 
agreed that a certain percentage of sub¬ 
stitutes should he purchased with each 
sack of flour practically all of the avail¬ 
able substitutes had been sold to foreign 
governments at a price far below the 
prevailing market values, and that de¬ 
mand did not, in any instance, establish 
the price of these commodities. The final 
result was precisely as you have indi¬ 
cated. The people were compelled to 
buy substitutes with wheat flour, so tiiat 
the Grain Corporation could move their 
corn and barley at flour prices. We pro¬ 
tested because we could not buy flour 
without substitutes, and the Canadian 
consumer protested because lie could not 
buy the substitutes without the flour. 
There are many arguments that sug¬ 
gest that the biggest blunder that the 
Food Administration made was the fix¬ 
ing of a definite price for wheat, and 
even now an appropriation amounting to 
many millions of dollars has been made 
to uphold this price, the government de¬ 
ciding to take a loss in order to keep its 
faith with the wheat grower. There is 
no doubt that speculators took advantage 
of the apparent shortage of wheat and 
prevailed - upon the Government to de¬ 
mand the use of substitutes in order that 
they might market vast quantities of 
corn and barley which they had bought 
at high cost, and which they would not 
have been able to dispose of without great 
loss if tlie decree had been otherwise. 
There is clearly a surplus of wheat at 
the moment. Much is in storage in ele¬ 
vators. and will not he moved until there 
is a demand for more flour from some 
sou roe. 
It is doubtful whether the remedy you 
suggest would solve the problem, for it 
is contended that prices will not seek 
their normal level until after the crop of 
1919 is harvested, or until the Govern¬ 
ment goes entirely out of tlie wheat busi¬ 
ness, and permits supply and demand to 
determine values and fix the prevailing 
price. 
Get Your Farm 
Home from the 
Canadian Pacific 
T HE Canadian Pacific Rail¬ 
way offers you the most 
wonderful opportunity in the 
world to own a farm in West¬ 
ern Canada. It will sell you 
land for $11 to $30 an acre 
or$50an acre under irrigation. 
20 Years to Pay 
You pay down 10% of the 
purchase price and have 
twenty years to pay in full 
at 0% interest. 
$2,000 Loan to 
Farmers 
The Canadian Pacific Railway 
will loan to approved settlers on 
its irrigated lands up to $4,000 
in improvements with twenty 
years to pay back the loan at 6% 
interest. 
Land Under Irrigation 
Iu Southern Alberta, we have 
developed the largest irrigation 
undertaking on the Continent. 
This district consists of some of 
tlie best land in Western Canada. 
An unfailing water supply is ad¬ 
ministered under direction of the 
Canadian Government—no con¬ 
flict of law or authority over its use. 
This land is offered on same easy- 
pay men t terms as other lands. 
Prices ranging up to $50 an acre. 
This Is Your Opportunity 
To make investigation easy,spec¬ 
ial railway rates have been ar¬ 
ranged. Write for particulars 
and free illustrated booklets. 
M. E. THORNTON 
Supt. of Colonization 
Canadian Pacific Railway 
0, 914 First St., E., Calgary, Alberta^ 
STUMP PULLER: 
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49. LA CRESCENT. MINN. 
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Battle Creek Michigan 
