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•the RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 5, 1019 
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DC-82 
EVERYWOMAN’S 
CANNING BOOK 
The A B C of Safe Home Canning and Preserving 
MARY B. HUGHES 
This book has been examined before publication and is found to 
conform to the principles of the United States Food Administra¬ 
tion in regard to the conservation of foods. 
E VERY housekeeper is planning for renewed efforts in canning this 
year, and there is a wider interest in modern practice than ever before. 
Methods have changed greatly within a comparatively short period, 
and many women feel the need of up-to-date recipes, brought together in 
convenient form. “Every woman’s Canning Book” is calculated to 
meet this need; it is practiced, modem and complete. 
4} Fruits, vegetables and meats are discussed from the housekeeper’s stand¬ 
point, and the condensed form and moderate price meet popular demands. The inexperienced canner will find 
it a safe guide, and the experienced worker will find something new and helpful between its covers. Bound 
attractively in cloth, 91 pages, five pages of index. ®1 Will be sent postpaid for THREE YEARLY 
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RURAL NEW-YORKER, 333 West 30th Street, NEW YORK CITY 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Cows, Fruit and Broilers 
1. I have a farm of about 100 acres in 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. My man wants me 
to put eight or nine cows on it, and 
claims that he will have good returns 
from them, about $10 net profits from 
each monthly above feeding expenses. Is 
this possible? I claim not, as we have 
read much about the late milk strike and 
no profits. 2. lie also wants me to put 
fruits in for next year’s returns. What 
are the best and quickest returns with 
least risks? I am to buy 1,000 baby 
chicks, raise for broilers and sell with 
good profit. He claims if you got. 1,000 
baby chicks half will die and you can only 
; count on about at the most 700 broil¬ 
ers Is this possible if care is taken 
within reason? w. s. 
1. A net profit of $10 per month per 
cow. or $120 a year, would be an extrava¬ 
gant estimate and, in fact, it has not ob¬ 
tained on very many dairy farms. There 
is much land in Dutchess County that is 
low in value that will produce grass 
abundantly, yet many pastures have been 
neglected and have naturally been in¬ 
fested with devil’s paintbrush, wild car¬ 
rot. five-finger, and a multitude of other 
noxious weeds that are not useful in feed¬ 
ing dairy cows. Again, it is not easy to 
pick up a herd of dairy cows that are 
free from disease and that would produce 
a sufficient quantity of milk to enable 
the owner to realize the profit suggested. 
You could make money during the Sum¬ 
mer, no doubt, but unless you have a silo 
and are prepared to feed them carefully 
during the. Winter disappointment is apt 
to prevail. Dairymen have been very 
much disappointed during the past two 
years in their endeavor to produce milk, 
owing to the fact that feed costs have 
been unusually high, and there has scarce- 
I l_v been a new dollar for an old one in 
many of the dairy farm operations. 
2. Dutchess County, as you know, is 
noted for her apple orchards, likewise for 
the production of small fruits, yet it must 
he remembered that it takes from five to 
seven years for an orchard to come into 
full bearing, and it is not easy to estab¬ 
lish small fruits on short notice. Quick 
returns do not obtain on fruit farms un¬ 
less one is interested in truck gardening. 
3. As to profits resulting from opera¬ 
tions in poultry production, or the feed¬ 
ing out of squabs or broilers, here again 
one is apt to permit figures to mislead 
him. for many will testify to the fact that 
profits from poultry-raising are not per¬ 
sistent. and one scarcely ever realizes the 
same ratio of profit from keeping a thou¬ 
sand birds as prevails with a small flock 
that scavenger on the farm and produce 
eggs and meat enough for home consump¬ 
tion. There are a great many uncertain¬ 
ties about both the dairy business and 
the poultry business and. unless one is 
fortunate enough to have an experienced 
man in charge of either of these depart¬ 
ments. disappointment is very apt to fol¬ 
low any extensive development. I would 
suggest starting with a few birds and 
only increasing the number as profits from 
the business would permit. The raising 
of broilers is a specialized line of poultry 
farming, and is very apt to mislead the 
enthusiast, who relies entirely upon paper 
figures to establish his claims. More 
money is generally put into the chicken 
business than is ever taken out as real 
profit. 
Improving a Ration 
What do you think of my dairy ration? 
To cows giving around 35 lbs. of milk 
per day I air feeding 13 lbs. corn and 
oats ground together, equal parts by 
measure. 6 lbs. gluten feed, 3 lbs. 41 per 
cent cottonseed meal. This is fed half 
at night and half in the morning followed 
each time by what dry corn fodder they 
clean up. Turn out about noon for exer¬ 
cise and water and after dinner return to 
stable and give about what they will eat 
of mixed Timothy and Alsike hay. I am 
feeding two-year-olds that have had then- 
first calf and giving 25 to 30 lbs. per day 
about the same feed, thinking that not 
utilized for milk would be devoted to 
growth. Gluten • is worth $3 per cwt.; 
cottonseed $3.38; corn. $1.40 for 50 lbs.; 
oats 70 cents for 32 lbs. I do my own 
grinding, costing probably 10 cents per 
cwt.; mixed hay $22 per ton and corn 
fodder 8 cents per bundle. 
New Jersey. h. it. f. 
If I understand your letter correctly 
you are feeding 22 lbs. of grain a day to 
get 35 lbs. of milk. This would seem like 
wasting grain. Cows on advanced reg¬ 
istry tests milking 75 lbs. or better daily 
seldom get more grain than this. Ilow 
ever, the fact that you have no silage and 
the nature of your roughage is none toe, 
good necessitates heavier grain feeding 
than would otherwise bo necessary. Your 
ration would be improved by using more 
protein. Make it three parts by weight 
of the ground corn and oat mixture, two 
parts cottonseed meal, one part linseed 
oilmeal and one part gluten feed. Add 
1 lb. of salt to each 100 lbs. of feed. A 
pound of feed to 2(4 lbs of milk at the 
most should be a great plenty. 
Feeding Dairy Cows; Minerals for Swine 
1. In spite of the many excellent ra 
(ions given for the benefit of dairymen, a 
number of. them persist in feeding clear 
gluten, claiming to with satisfaction. If 
they are in error, will you explain the dis¬ 
advantages of feeding this way, and also 
the advantages, if there are any? What 
is a balanced ration for 40 grade cows, a 
mixture of Holstein, Ayrshire and .Ter 
soys, which have freshened early in the. 
Spring, to feed until grass time and com 
mence feeding again towards Fall? My 
only roughage is mixed hay, except in the 
Fall, when corn and millet will be fed. I 
have ground oats at. band and buy all 
other feeds. 2. I have read with interest 
the topics in regard to the use of wood 
ashes, ground bone or bouemral. charcoal, 
sulphur and salt as a part of the ration 
for hogs. Wherever I have read about it 
the use of a self-feeder has been suggested. 
I have no self-feeder nor conveniences foi 
it; therefore, would like to work this ma 
terial in with their daily feed and slop 
Could I do this with good results? If so, 
how, when and in what proportions should 
I give it? Would I not have to use judg 
ment according to what other feeds they 
were getting, which are ground oats, mid 
dliugs and cornmeal in one proportion oi 
another, depending on whether I am fat 
toning or keeping for breeding purposes’ 
New York. a. c. w. 
1 It is true that a number of dairymen 
persist in feeding gluten exclusively as a 
concentrate in their ration for dairy cows 
Usually such feeders have an abundant* 
of silage, and often have available a gen 
erous amount of cornmeal. Gluten is a. 
concentrate that carries a relatively high 
per cent of protein, and in itself offers c 
nutritive ratio of 1 to l.S. Therefore 
any dairyman who feeds gluten exclusive 
lv is attempting to satisfy his animal# 
with an exceedingly narrow ration, and 
it i« not calculated that a ration of this 
derivative is either palatable or econom 
ieal. The results that obtain are due tc 
the fact that one ton of gluten will yield 
1,680 lbs. of digestible nutrients; that it 
is highly digestible, and, when used sup 
plemeuting Timothy hay and silage, it 
supplies protein in a very advantageous? 
form. Nevertheless, there would l>e many 
advantages in offering the cows more va 
riety. and the addition of buckwheat mid 
dliugs, cornmeal or hominy meal in equal 
parts with the gluten. Perhaps another 
reason why gluten was so extensively used 
during the past two years was the fact 
that its price did not increase in propor¬ 
tion as did many other feeds, and many of 
the dairymen, notably those in South .Ter 
sey, were able to get an attractive price 
on' carload lots of this material .and they 
bought it in large quantities and fed it out 
with particularly good results. 
2. In your own case, you can mak» 
good use of the ground cats that you have 
on hand. At present prices I would buy 
hominy meal and gluten meal to mix with 
the oats, and would feed them in the fol¬ 
lowing proportion: 200 lbs. of hominy 
200 lbs. of ground oats. 200 lbs. of glu 
ten. When I turned the animals out on 
grass I would use nothing but the hominy 
meal, or possibly 30 per cent of the ration 
might be oats if I bad them on band, and 
as the pastures grew short, along in July 
and August, I would add 20 per cent ot 
gluten or cottonseed meal to the mixture 
Cornmeal or liominy meal is all that one 
needs to feed in combination with good 
pasture grass, and a mixture of corn, oat* 
and gluten is a genuine milk producer. 
2. It would not be good practice to mix 
the mineral mixture suggested with the 
concentrates intended for swim- feeding 
One reason why a self-feeder is often 
mentioned in connection with the distri 
lnition of the mineral mixture is the fact 
that this material should be protected, it 
possible, against rain, for once it becomes 
wet it is apt to cake and solidify. How 
ever, if you will put a low-sided box in 
the pen or yard where the pigs are run 
ning. and put about three or four pounds 
of the mineral mixture into this box ouct 
a week for say 10 head of pigs, you would 
satisfy their appetities and it would be 
much better than any attempt to mis 
even a small percentage of this mixture 
in with the feed. The mineral mixture 
does not cost much. It can be mixed in 
50 or 100 lb. lots, and if it is not eouveni 
eut for you to put it iu a box it would be 
practicable to put some of this material 
in the feeding troughs, after the pigs have 
cleaned up their regular feed, two or threi 
times a week. Growing pigs will demand 
more of the mixture than full grown spec¬ 
imens ; but it is essential- and desirable 
that pigs of all ages have access to such 
elements. 
