752 
RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
April 20, li'l-.) 
The Man Who Buys a 
Is Taking No Chances 
A^OST any kind of cream separator will do fairly 
A * * good work the first few months, when it is new. 
But if it is a cheaply made or inferior machine, 
after the first few months your trouble will begin. 
And the worst of your experience with such a 
machine will not be the fact that it wears out 
quickly or that it runs hard, or that you are piling 
up repair expense, but that you are losing a lot of 
butter-fat that is worth 50 to 60 cents a pound. 
And that is what you really buy a separator for 
—to save this valuable butter-fat. 
Any time you buy a cream separator—no mat¬ 
ter who makes it or what claims are made for it— 
that has not behind it a long record of satisfactory 
service, a record known to all, a record that is in 
itself a guarantee of satisfactory service, you are 
taking a gamble with all the odds against you. 
Why take chances at all when you come to 
select a machine that may mean so much in 
increasing the profit from your cows ? 
There is one cream separator that has been the 
acknowledged world’s standard for over 40 years. 
It’s the one cream separator that is used by the 
creamerymen almost exclusively. Dairy farmers 
the country over know the De Laval ana its sterl¬ 
ing quality. Experience has shown them that 
It is the best cream separator 
that money can buy 
Order rour De Level now and let it begin laving cream for you right 
away. Remember that a De Laval may be bought for cash or on auch 
liberal term* a* to »ave it* own coat. See the local De Laval agent, or. 
if you don’t know him, write to the neareat De Laval office aa below. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR COMPANY 
165 Broadway, New York 29 E. Madison St., Chicago 
Live Stock Questions 
Answered By Prof. F. C, Minkler 
Feed for Grade Holsteins 
Will you give me a balanced ration for 
cows producing from 35 to GO pounds of 
milk per day? I have on hand plenty of 
good silage, potatoes, mixed' hay (includ¬ 
ing a little Alfalfa), beet pulp, brewery 
grains, cottonseed, and can get the fol¬ 
lowing : Corn and cob meal, gluten feed, 
bran and linseed meal. The mixture that 
I am feeding now does not seem to suit 
some of the cows, although it figures up 
to be a balanced ration. t. w. d. 
New Jersey. 
As I remember your herd, it is com¬ 
posed exclusively of Holstein grades. 
Silage produced from Salem County corn 
must of necessity be first-class. I hold 
that it is not necessary to feed beet pulp 
where you have au abundance of silage, 
and particularly where you have potatoes 
that can be used as indicated. Of course 
if you have the beet pulp on band you 
would want to use it lip, but you cannot 
afford to pay $50 or $60 a ton- for this 
material on the present market. 
You do not state whether the brewery 
grains are wet or dry. and I am assuming 
that they are in dry form. Taking it for 
granted that the cows are given all the 
silage that they will clean up with relish 
twice daily, likewise that they are given 
all the hay that they will eat once daily, 
I would utilize the following grain mix¬ 
ture : 
Corn and cob meal. 500 lbs. 
Gluten meal . 300 lbs. 
Linseed meal or cottonseed meal 100 lbs. 
Dry brewery grains. 300 lbs. 
Ground oats. 200 lbs. 
Wheat bran . 100 lbs. 
A cow giving 35 pounds of milk daily 
should be fed nine pounds of this mixture 
daily, while a cow producing 60 pounds 
might be given as much as 15 pounds. 
Very little would be gained from the use 
of potatoes, although if they wer<!*piilped 
and mixed with the silage they would 
serve as au appetizer and would, no doubt, 
make it possible for the cows to eat their 
grain and roughage with greater relish. 
If your cows are relatively high in 
flesh you might reduce the corn and cob 
meal to 400 pounds and add 100 pounds 
of cottonseed meal; yet I am inclined to 
believe that the ration suggested would 
bo very palatable and satisfactory. I 
know that gluten is a popular feed in 
your community, but I have included the 
oats and wheat bran in order to make 
the ration safe, knowing that you are si 
generous feeder and that your cows are of 
a type that will withstand considerable 
pressure. _ 
Dry or Wet Feed for Pigs 
I have three three-months-old Duroc 
pigs. The man from whom I got them 
lias never fed them anything but dry feed, 
so that is all I have fed. but think it is 
more expensive than scalding the same 
feed. I am feeding wheat shorts, oatmeal 
and tankage. I have no milk, but can 
get any kind of feed. W. H. Y. 
New Jersey. 
There is nothing to be gained by scald¬ 
ing feed for pigs. They would do quite as 
well when fed their grain ration dry as they 
will when it is moistened or mixed or pre¬ 
pared in any other way. The cooking 
of food, particularly the cooking of corn, 
makes it less digestible, and the only ad¬ 
vantage in rnixiug the material with warm 
water is during cold weather, when nat¬ 
urally a warm drink is to be preferred 
to a cold one. One only misleads himself 
by assuming that a feed thinned down 
with water will go further than the same 
amount of ingredients fed in a dry form. 
A mixture of shorts, oatmeal and tank¬ 
age would do very well for young pigs, 
and a useful combination_would be 45 
pounds of ground oats, 50 pounds of 
wheat shorts and five pounds of digester 
tankage. I should prefer to use either 
hominy or eornmeal to this mixture. You 
will find a ration consisting of 30 pounds 
of hominy meal, 30 pounds of middlings, 
30 pounds of ground oats and 10 pounds 
of tankage will serve very efficiently until 
the pigs reach 100 pounds, when the 
middlings should be removed from the 
ration. Then the mixture might appro¬ 
priately be 60 pounds of corn, 35 pounds 
of oats and five pounds of digester tankage. 
If the feeds are moistened they should be 
mixed and fed in the form of a thick slop, 
and unless I used the self-feeder I would 
not feed the materials in dry form. Pigs 
are very apt to waste the feed when dry 
grains are put into a trough; hence the 
advantage in mixing them with water 
until they approach the consistency of 
buttermilk. _ 
A Pig-feeding Schedule 
Will you give me a good feeding ration 
for pigs? I intend buying six or eight 
pigs in April, and will want to bring 
them up around 200 pounds by November 
1. Shall not have corn until September 
15. Can get middlings, hominy, bran and 
tankage. Have plenty of ground oats. 
Pigs are generally Chester Whites or 
Yorkers. Shall not have much skim-milk 
after May until July 15. Am now feed¬ 
ing these pigs on middlings, eornmeal and 
ground oats. These pigs are four months 
old and thrifty. IIow much of the above 
mentioned grains should they have, and 
in what proportion? As they grow older 
how much should the grain be increased? 
Have a quantity of small potatoes I can 
cook and feed. m. r. 
New York. 
You do not state whether your pigs 
will have access to forage, or have the 
run of a pasture during Summer. Of 
necessity oue must make a difference not 
only in the i roportions of grain, hut in 
the amount fed if pigs are confined to dry 
yards, as compared with rations recom¬ 
mended when they have access to forage 
crops. Assuming that these pigs will he 
fed in a dry yard and that you are pur¬ 
chasing them at eight or nine weeks old, 
I would use a mixture made up as fol¬ 
lows: Fifty pounds of hominy meal. 50 
pounds of wheat middlings, 25 pounds of 
ground oats and 10 pounds of digester 
tankage. I would use this mixture for 
the first 30 days, and would allow four 
pounds of the dry feed daily for each 100 
pounds of live weight. Assuming that 
the eight pigs would weight 320 pounds 
at seveu weeks of age, I would allow them 
13 pounds of feed daily for the first 15 
days, and would increase it to 15 pounds 
daily at the end of a month. 
Then, assuming that the pigs would be 
confined to a dry yard. I would change 
the mixture, utilizing 50 pounds of oats, 
25 pounds of middlings, 20 pounds of 
hominy and five pounds of tankage. Iu 
six weeks the eight pigs would he given 
20 pounds of feed daily, and this would 
be gradually increased as the pigs gained 
in weight, until by the end of a month 
they would be consuming 28 pounds of 
feed and would weigh in the neighbor¬ 
hood of 85 pounds. As they continue to 
gain in weight 1 would modify the ration, 
eliminating the middlings, which would 
he the most expensive element in the 
ration, and feed a mixture made up of 50 
pounds of hominy meal, 45 pounds of 
ground oats and five pounds of digester 
tankage. By this time you would have 
some skim-milk, which should be utilized 
and diluted with half water and given to 
drink. If the pigs are gaining rather 
rapidly in weight and do not appear to 
evidence the stretch and scale that is de¬ 
sired they might he held on this amount 
of grain for the next 30 days, as the milk 
would furnish the hulk of the protein iu 
a form that would prompt them to grow 
a frame that would be well suited for 
covering with flesh a little later. As 
soon as the pigs weigh 125 pounds I 
would commence fattening them, and the 
ration would be 50 pounds of corn, 35 
pounds of hominy meal, 10 pounds of 
ground oars and five pounds of tankage. 
I would give them all that they would 
clean up of this ration twice daily, and 
they would probably consume as much as 
six pounds for each 100 pounds of live 
weight. 
Y'mi could economize in the grain ration 
by letting the pigs have access to a 
forage crop. Rather than give them four 
pounds of grain to each 300 pounds of 
live weight, they should be given a two- 
per-cent ration; that is. two pounds of 
the suggested mixture daily for each 100 
pounds of live weight, and they would 
gather the balance of their feed from the 
forage. You could utilize such skim-milk 
as you have available. Usually it is de¬ 
sirable to limit the amount of milk to 
five pounds for each pound of grain fed 
daily, hence you would feed approximately 
one pound of grain with each five pounds 
of milk. Au increased amount of milk 
would make it possible to reduce the 
amount of grain ; but the pigs would not 
gain as rapidly as would obtaiu iu case 
the mixture were held to about this pro¬ 
portion. You state that you have an 
abundance of oats, and this is why I 
have included them rather generously in 
the mixture. I would feed the pigs three 
times a day until they weight 75 or 80 
pounds, after which I would limit them 
to two feedings, morning and night. 
Generally speaking, the food should lie 
mixed with water until it approaches the 
consistency of buttermilk, rather than di¬ 
lute it with more water and fed iu the 
form of a thin slop. Young pigs'or breed¬ 
ing animals will get along well on a 
thin slop; but pigs intended for fattening 
purposes should bo taught to eat their 
food rather tuan drink it, aud a thick 
slop will promote this condition. 
Make sure that the pigs have access to 
mineral matter, such as charcoal, bone- 
meal and air-slaked lime. Be sure to 
keep them well within the boundaries ns 
to amount fed. Aim to satisfy the pigs, 
yet not take the edge off their appetites. 
This ration will enable you to carry your 
pigs to a weight exceeding 200 pounds 
by November 1, and it is quite as eco¬ 
nomical as any ration that can bo sug¬ 
gested at the present prices. If you can¬ 
not get the digester tankage, oilmeal could 
be used to replace this protein feed. A 
limited amount of potatoes might be in¬ 
cluded iu the ration, but they should be 
used for variety rather than as a main 
source of food. Usually they are con¬ 
sidered as appetizers, and would best 
serve their purpose when cooked. The 
pulp should be drained and the residue 
mixed with other feeds, utilizing not more 
than 30 per cent of the pulp iu bulk 
with the grain rations stipulated. 
i 
