757 
THE HENYARD 
The "Oregon’’ Poultry 
Several statements have been made to 
the effect that the new “Oregon’’ breed 
was produced by crossing the Barred 
Plymouth Rock on the White Leghorn. 
We have had a number of letters from 
people who say they intend to make this 
cross, and others have good specimens of 
the Oregon breed. They will be disap¬ 
pointed. for this breed is very much more 
than a single cross. We asked Prof. 
James Dryden of the < tregon Agricutural 
College about this. As Prof. Dryden has 
developed the “Oregons” he ought to know 
about it, and this is what he says: 
“Crossing the Barred Plymouth Rock 
and the White Leghorn did not make the 
Oregon, as we have them now. I am 
aware, as you say, that some people make 
the cross, and do give the eross-breds the 
name ‘Oregon.’ The pullets of the first 
cross were good layers, but it was five or 
six years after that before the name 
Oregon was given to them. The crossing 
was not made in the first place with the 
idea of starting a new breed, or variety, 
but simply to test out some questions of 
heredity, but after several years «>f se¬ 
lection. which developed a strain or va¬ 
riety of excellent layers, we thought best 
to preserve it. Crossing, of course, has 
some virtue, but a cross of two breeds 
will not make another breed or a variety. 
After the first cross was made the pullets 
were bred back to the White Leghorn, 
after that the purebreds were discarded, 
and the eross-breds bred together. The 
breeding stock was trap-nested, and the 
breeding males and females Were selected 
from the heaviest producers'. It has been 
this selection, rather than the crossing, 
that has been responsible for the heavy 
laying qualities of the stock. It may be 
possible by crossing certain breeds to pro¬ 
duce a fowl of a certain type, or shape, or 
size, <»r of feather coloring, but no formula 
of that kind will produce a strain or a 
breed of high-laying qualities. 
“It is the selection that does that, ir¬ 
respective of the breed. Our work with 
the Oregons up to this time has been prac¬ 
tically altogether an egg-laying proposi¬ 
tion. I did not start out with the idea of 
making a breed, and of course I recog¬ 
nized that breeds can hardly be made by 
the trap-nest as breed of fowls are now 
known. There must be some other char¬ 
acteristics than that of superior egg-lay¬ 
ing qualities to entitle them to recognition 
as a breed. The problem is to develop a 
distinct type so that they will not be mis¬ 
taken for another breed. In the Oregon 
we want a white egg and a fair-sized bird, 
midway between a White Leghorn and 
Barred Plymouth Rock. In other words, 
a good farm fowl of fair meat qualities 
and heavy-laying characteristics. 
JAMES DRYDEN. 
Death of Hens 
I have 200 Barred Rocks. This year 
more than ever they look to me to be too 
fat. as you can see the fat hanging down 
behind. This morning I found two dead: 
two days ago I found one dead. All of 
them had the skin off behind and were 
bleeding. I think they died of loss of 
blood. I noticed quite a few have sore 
spots behind. Is this from over-fatness 
or other causes? I know there is nothing 
the matter with them internally, m. k. 
Pennsylvania. 
It is not unlikely that these fowls are 
pecking at, and finally killing each other. 
Irritation from the presence of lice or de¬ 
pluming mites leads to picking at the 
feathers and skin; bleeding may follow, 
and other fowls, getting a taste of the 
blood, have all of their cannibalistic in¬ 
stincts aroused and keep at their fellows 
until they have killed them. It would he 
well for you to go over your dock with the 
blue ointment treatment for lice. This, if 
properly carried out, is very effective in 
ridding fowls of lice for a long time. 
Take each bird from the perch at night 
and smear a bit of blue ointment about 
the size of a large pea over the skin just 
below the vent. A little may be used 
under each wing also, if desired. The 
effectiveness of this treatment and the 
length of time that it will keep fowls 
free from lice is surprising. m. b. d. 
Electrical Egg Tester 
Is there any kind of electric device on 
the market, that you know of, for testing 
eggs? I have tried placing the ends of the 
Thf RURAL NEW-YORKER 
egg tray on two tables, and tried to test 
the eggs by putting a 40 watt bulb under 
the trays, but the results were not satis¬ 
factory. c. o. s. 
New York. 
Some large hatcheries use a powerful 
light under a box with a narrow opening 
the same length as the width of a tray 
from the machine, which is slid slowly 
over the opening. If the eggs are in rows, 
as they are on some machine trays, this 
works much better than if they are placed 
promiscuously. For a small incubator, a 
box with a bulb wired to an extension 
cord gives a perfect tester, and I have one 
arranged so two can work at it, which is 
very satisfactory. The bulb is in the cen¬ 
ter and two cushioned holes on an inclined 
top of the box makes the work easy and 
quite rapid. f. Q. white. 
Products, Prices and Trade 
NEW YORK, APRIL 17, 1011). 
These prices and notes are believed to 
he fairly representative of the current of 
trade here: 
MILK PRICES. 
New York, for April, $2.80 per 100 
i’«>r three per cent milk, with an addi¬ 
tional 4c per 100 for every one-tenth of 
one per cent extra butterfat, at points 
200 miles from city. 
BUTTER. 
Prices declined three to four cents 
during the week, but part of this drop 
was recovered. Buyers took rather larger 
supplies than usual, owing to the ex¬ 
pected strike of harbor workers, which 
at this writing has not taken place. 
Creamery, fancy lb. 64 @ 65 
Hood to Choice . 61 @ 63 
Lower Grades. 56 <0 59 
City made. 42 & 47 
Dairy, best . 62 0 63 
Common to good . 47 @ 58 
Packing Stock. 40 0 44 
Process . 46 <0 51 
CIIEESE. 
The market is easier, as export buying 
is slow, and speculators making stronger 
efforts to sell. 
Whole.Milk. oid. fancy . 38 w 39 
Good to choice. 33 0 36 
New Make . 30 0 33 % 
Skims, best. 23 0 23 % 
Fair to good. 12 0 17 
EGGS. 
Receipts are very large and market 
quite unsettled, with dealers ready in 
many cases to cut prices in order to force 
sales. The Hebrew Passover is being 
celebrated this week, so that a large ele¬ 
ment of the usual buyers is missing. 
White, nearby, choice to lane,. 51 0 52 
Medium to good . 45 0 50 
Mixed colors, nearby best. 46 0 47 
. Common to good. 42 @ 45 
Gathered, best, white. .. 49 0 50 
Medium to good, mixed colors ... 42 © 45 
Lower grades. 38 @ 40 
LIVE STOCK. 
Native Steers.15 00 @16 75 
Bulls . 8 00 @12 25 
Cows. 4 00 @12 00 
Calves, prime veal. 100 lbs. 15 00 @18 50 
Culls. 10 00 @14 00 
Hogs.17 00 @20 75 
Sheep. 100 lbs. 8 00 @1100 
Lambs .15 00 @16 50 
DRESSED MEATS. 
Calves, choice. 25 @ 27 
Common to good. 19 @ 24 
Pork . 18 @ 23 
Lambs, hothouse, head . 8 00 @14 00 
LIVE POULTRY. 
All classes of stock except broilers and 
Spring ducks are selling lower. Business 
is reported at the following figures: 
Fowls, 35 to .'hie; roosters, 21 to 22c; 
broilers, lb.. 85 to 90c; ducks, 50 to 35c; 
Spring ducks. 40 to 4.8c; geese. 21 to 22e. 
DRESSED POULTRY. 
Turkeys, best. 46 @ 48 
Medium to good... 40 @ 45 
Chickens choice lu. 37 @ 33 
Fair to Good. 33 @ 36 
Fowls. 32 @ 37 
Roosters. 24 @ 26 
Ducks. 35 @ 40 
Ducklings. 45 @ 46 
Geese. 24 @ 29 
Squabs, doz. 2 00 @9 00 
BEANS. 
Marrow, 100 lbs.10 25 @11 75 
Pea. 6 25 @ 7 75 
Medium . 6 50 @ 8 00 
Red Kidney...10 75 @12 00 
White Kidney ..11 To @12 25 
Vellow Eye. 7 25 @7 60 
Lima. Cnlifornla. 8 00 @8 50 
FRUITS. 
Strawberries are more plentiful and 
averaging inferior in quality, so that the 
price range is low. In the case of fruits 
and vegetables that are not standardized 
as to grade the top price given covers the 
best there are at the time in fairly large 
commercial quantities. On the next day 
shipments of much better quality might 
arrive, so that top prices would be higher, 
although the market as a whole might 
be no stronger. 
Apples Baldwin, bbl 
Winesap. 
Ben Davis. 
Greening . 
Albemarle . 
Strawberries, qt. 
Oranges, box . 
Lemons, box . 
Grape Fruit. 
7 50 @10 60 
8 00 @13 00 
6 00 @ 9 00 
8 00 @12 50 
9 00 @13 50 
25 @ 35 
4 00 @ 8 00 
4 00 @ 4 75 
4 00 @ 8 50 
VEGETABLES. 
Potatoes are 15 to 20c per 100 lbs. 
lower except on new Southern, which are 
running better in quality. Cabbage con¬ 
tinues very high on both new and old. 
Choice onions higher; grown and poor 
stock hard to sell. 
Potatoes—L. I.. 180 lbs. 4 50 @5 00 
State, 180 1 bs. 3 50 @ 4 50 
Maine, 165 lbs. 3 50 @ 4 25 
Bermuda, bbl. 8 00 @15 00 
Southern, new. bbl.. best .11 00 @12 50 
Southern, common to good . 2 50 @ 6 50 
Sweet Potatoes, bu. 2 00 0 4 50 
Beets, bol. 1 50 @2 25 
Carrots, bbl. 3 00 @ 3 50 
Cabbage, ton .100 00 @125 00 
New. bbl. 4 00 @ 6 00 
Lettuce. Iialf-bbl. basket. 100 @4 00 
Onions. 100 lbs. 2 00 § 6 00 
String Beans 011 . 2 00 @4 00 
Squash. New. bn., . 5 00 @ 6 50 
Egg Plants, bu. 3 00 @ 8 00 
Spinach, bbl . 1 00 @ 3 00 
Turnips, rutabaga, bbl. . 2 00 0 3 50 
Parsnips, bbl . 3 00 @ 5 00 
Salsify. 100 bunches. 4 00 @ 6 00 
Kale, bbl . 1 00 @ 2 25 
Chicory, bbl. . 3 00 @ 5 00 
Asparagus, doz. 2 50 (a 9 yo 
Cucumbers, bu. 3 00 @ .T50 
Peas. bu. bkt. 1 50 @ 4 00 
Parsley, bbl. 5 00 <« 12 00 
Tomatoes. 6-bkt. crate. 2 00 @ 4 25 
Radishes, bu. bkt. 1 00 @2 00 
Rhubarb. 100 bunches . 5 00 @10 00 
HAY AND 8TBAW. 
Hay. Timothy, No. 1. ton . 38 00 @39 00 
No. 2 .36 00 @37 00 
No. 3 .33 00 @ 35 00 
No grade . 25 00 @30 00 
Clover -mixed _.30 00 @37 00 
Straw. Rye. 1300 @1500 
, GRAIN. 
Following are Government prices on 
No. 2 Red wheat at various markets: 
New York. $2.37% ; Chicago, $2.23; St. 
Louis, $2.21. Oats, No. 3 white, New 
York, 7Se; Chicago, 68c. Corn. No. 3 
Yellow. New York. $1.79; Chicago, $1.61. 
Rye, New York. $1.79; Chicago, $1.67; 
Duluth, $1.64. 
tious or agents for the inspection or re¬ 
ceipt of milk, title to such milk will pass 
at shipping point. These prices do not 
include war tax or freight. They are sub¬ 
ject to that discount. 
Retail Prices at New York 
These are not the highest or lowest 
prices noted here, but represent produce 
of good quality and the buying oppor¬ 
tunities of at least half of New York’s 
population: 
Butter—Best prints.70 to 74c 
Tub. good to choice.65 to 70c 
Eggs—White.60 to 65c 
Mixed colors .50 to 56c 
Cheese, lb.40 to 45c 
Fowls, lb.40 to 45c 
Bacon, lb.42 to 46c 
Lamb chops, lb. 45 to 48c 
Sirloin steak, lb.46 to 50c 
Roasting beef .40 to 45c 
Apples, doz.(50 to 75c 
Potatoes, lb. 3 to 4c 
Cabbage, head .25 to 35c 
Toledo Seed Market 
Clover. April delivery, bu.. $27.25; 
October delivery. $18. Timothy, $5.25. 
Philadelphia Markets 
RUTTER. 
Nearby prints, 70 to 72c; tub creamery, 
best, 65 to 67c; common to good, 61 to 
64c; packing stock. 42 to 43c. 
Eggs. 
Nearby, best. 48 to 50c; gathered, best, 
44 to 45c; lower grades. 40 to 42c. 
LIVE Poultry. * 
Fowls, 37 to 39e; broilers. 50 to 55c; 
roosters. 26 to 27c; ducks, 40 to 45c; 
geese. 30c. 
DRESSED POULTRY. 
Fowls. 36 to 38c: roosters, 27c; squabs, 
doz., $5.50 to $9.50. 
FRUITS. 
Apples, Baldwin. $8 to $10; Greening. 
$8 to $12; Ben Davis. $7 to $8.50; Wine- 
sap, $10.50 to $11.50. Strawberries, qt., 
30 to 40c. 
VEGETABLES. 
Potatoes. 100 lbs.. $2.25 to $2.60; 
sweet potatoes, bu.. $1.50 to $2.25; 
Onions, 100 lbs., $3 to $4: cabbage, ton, 
$75 to $90. 
HAY AND STRAW. 
Hay, Timothy. No. 1. $37 50 to $38; 
No. 2. $36 to $37; No. 3, $32 to $33; 
clover mixed. $33 to $36. Straw, rye, 
$13 50 to 14.50; oat and wheat. $10.50 to 
$13.50. 
PHILADELPHIA MILK PRICES 
In Philadelphia the average shipping 
zone is 50-60 miles. April price to pro¬ 
ducer city, 7%e per qt. for 4 per cent 
milk, equivalent to $2.75 per 100 lbs. for 
3 per cent milk. There is but one grade, 
and the retail price for 4 per cent milk is 
12c to consumer. 
Spring seems to be here, and the grass 
is beginning to show green on the hills. 
The severe storm and high winds the last 
of March did damage in some places, be¬ 
sides drifting roads. Some barns were 
blown down and contents scattered, and 
buildings were wholly or partially un¬ 
roofed. The maple season is past, with a 
fair output; prices for syrup about $1.75 
per gal.; for sugar, 20 to 25c per lb. 
Many dairymen who have maple trees 
think they cannot afford to tap them and 
care for the sap, so that not as much 
sugar and syrup are made as might be 
produced. Hay, $15 to $20. loose at barn. 
Grain of all kinds high; dairy feed for 
milch cows better than $60 per ton ; oats, 
80 to 90c; corn, about $1.80 per bu. 
Grade milch cows have averaged consider¬ 
ably over $100 at sales; eggs, 38 to 40c, 
locally; butter. 60c. Roads muddy and 
rough, except State roads, about which 
complaint is made that they are surfaced 
too smoothly for horses. m. 
Delaware Co., N. Y. 
Hay is scarce iu this section, bringing 
from $15 to $20 per ton. Farmers get 40c 
for eggs. 40 q for butter; four-week-old 
pigs bring $6 apiece; veal, 21c. We pay 
for grain as follows: Corn, $3.55; ground 
feed. $3.25; flour. $3.15 per 49-lb. sack. 
We are having a cold, wet April, which, 
means late pasture. Wages vary from $2 
to $3 per day; plenty of help in this 
neighborhood. Maple syrup brings $2 per 
gal., but not as much as usual made. 
Fulton Co., N. Y. g. l. 
Winter wheat is looking promising. 
Peach and pear trees are now in bloom, 
but probably there will not be a half crop, 
caused by the heavy frost March 31. April 
1 and 2. Eggs. 34c doz.; hens, 27c lb.; 
butter, 35c lb.; cows high, $75 to $125 
each. Horses, slow sale and cheap. Hogs, 
loc lb. w. n. 
Grainger Co., Tenn. 
Fayette County never looked greener at 
this time of year than for a decade. 
Peach, plum and pear in bloom; farmers 
are well up with their work. A 50-per 
cent increased acreage of tobacco will be 
planted this year on account of the high 
prices the past season. Some crops aver¬ 
age over $80 per 100 lbs. and have 
brought as much as $1,575 per acre ; 55.- 
000.000 lbs. have been sold to date, aver¬ 
aging $38.50 per 100 lbs., or a total of 
$23,650,000. Some money to the tobacco 
grower! We have the purest milk that 
.can be produced by farm dairies; less 
than 10,000 bacteria count; some as low 
as 500; butterfat averages about $4.75. 
Corn. 81.75 per bu.; oats. 90c; hay, $30 
to $40 ton ; eggs, 45c-; butter, 65 to 75c; 
milk retails at 20c per qf.; 50c gal. whole¬ 
sale. g. D. K. 
Fayette Co., Ky. 
I hare been greatly intersted in the 
article on Sweet clovei^on page 557. for 
I can beat it, as I raised a small piece 
last year in the wettest part of my wettest 
field. I did this because of or in spite of 
being heretic, whichever this case may be. 
No lime, except a few wood ashes, mixed 
with the manure, which was harrowed ua 
in August, 1917. and the ground sowed 
to turnips broadcast, the turnip seed 
mixed with Sweet clover seed left over 
from the year before instead of sand. I 
thought a few seeds might grow, and they 
did. I did nothing more to this combina¬ 
tion of crops except to pull a few bushels 
—very few, too—of the best of the tur¬ 
nips. Soon after the first of August. 
1918. I mowed the Sweet clover; had to 
mow it all over hay and pick out a path 
for horses and machine so as to get 
through for the next cut each time. The 
clover was 12 to 15 feet high, and grew 
on ground that usually grew nothing but 
brakes. No second crop grew because it 
was cut so late the first time I suppose, 
i am letting it alone this year to see what 
will develop. w. B. L. 
Saybrook, Conn. 
Coming Live Stock Sales 
Boston Milk Prices 
Following is the April price for milk 
shipped to Boston from various zone 
points inside the State. The quality basis 
is 3.5 per cent fat; 4c more per 100 lbs. 
being paid for every tenth of 1 per cent 
above 3.5. and the same rate or deduc¬ 
tion being made for milk running below. 
AT STATIONS OUTSIDE MASSACHUSETTS 
Miles 
S*A qts. 
Cwt. iu 
40-qt. cans 
81-100. 
.688 
3 781 
141-160. 
.573 
3 683 
1 SI-200. 
.665 
3.630 
AT STATIONS 
OUTSIDE MASSACHUSETTS 
Miles 
S% qtS. 
Cwt. in 
40-qt. cans 
81-100. 
.668 
3.781 
141-160. 
.648 
3.683 
181-200. 
.635 
3.630 
241-260. 
.615 
3.555 
281-290. 
.606 
3.501 
Where farmers, furnish cans beween 
farm and railroad or milk station, a pre¬ 
mium of 2.3c per cwt. is paid. Where- 
ever dealer maintains country milk sta- 
May 6—John S. Goodwin, Angus, Na¬ 
perville, Ill. 
May 8—A. B. Watson & Son, Here- 
fords, Harris, Mo. 
May 15—Dr. J. I. Higgins and others, 
Angus, Knoxville, Tenn. 
May 15—Frank Scofield. Shorthorns, 
Hillsboro. Tex. 
May 20—Tri-County Holstein Breed¬ 
ers’ Association, Sidney, N. Y.; secretary. 
E. E. Risley, Walton. N. Y. 
„ May 21-22—W. T. McCray, Herefords, 
Keutland. Iud. 
June 5-6—Carpenter & Ross, Short¬ 
horns, Mansfield. O. 
Oct. 9—Central Illinois Shorthorn 
Breeders’ Association, Paris, 111. 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings 
American Guernsey Cattle Club, annual 
meeting. Hotel Commodore. Pershing 
Square, New York. Wednesday, Mav 14. 
at 10 a. m. 
Union Agricultural Association, sixtv- 
fourth annual fair, Burgettstown. Pa.. 
Sept. 30-Oct. 1-2. 
Milk Exposition, 71st Regiment Arm¬ 
ory, New York City, April 21-26. 
