738 
Tfte RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1 ( 01 ) 
] 
MISCELLANEOUS 
NLP. 
Purebred Holstein 
and 
Guernsey Bull Calves 
From liifc' 1 producing tuberculin tested dairy cows 
will satisfy your requirements at a moderate prier. 
Send for sales list— TODAY. 
MARKHAM & PUFFER, Avon N. Y. 
For Sale: 3 REGISTERED 
Yearling ANGUS BULLS 
1 Queen Mother, 1 Blackbird, 1 Blackcap. These 
Bulls are the profitable kind and PRICED RIGHT. 
AJilMAL HUSBANDRY DEPT. 
OELAWARt COLLEGE NEWARK, DELAWARE 
Mi1 king 
Shorthorns 
Walgrove Herd 
OVER 60 HEAD IN HERD 
At the recent Breeders’ Sale, Erie, Pa., March Hist, 
of over 100 head, we sold the top priced hull, a ten- 
mos.-old calf. Herd heading hulls our specialty. 
WALNUT GROVE FARM. Washingtonville, N. V. 
rn Uaoif Thailand AM* LARGER 1MIN IKS all 
3U MGdU oneildnu ayes and colors. Send stamp I«»r 
new price list. THE SHENANGO PONY FARMS. Dept. 0. Espyville, Pa 
ANGORA and MILK GOATS 
and PEAFOWLS FOIL SALE. 
PINE DELL PLANTATION, Williamsburg. Virginia 
SHEEP 
A. H. S. A. 16643 
FOR SALE 
Registered Hampshire Sheep 
Rams and Ewes 
APPLY 
Ophir Farm - - Purchase, N. Y. 
SWINE 
The National Chester White 
Record Association 
The Original Record for the Chester White 
Breed of Hogs, established in 1848; a purely co¬ 
operative Association. Alt Volumes of the 
Record free to .Stockholders: pedigree blanks 
and transfer slips free to all recorders. Write 
the Secretary for instructions in recording your hogs. 
L B. WALTER, Sec’y, Box 66, Dept. R, West Chester, Pa. 
Reg.0.1.C.&G.W. Pigs .older stock. Satisfaction and 
safe delivery guaranteed. JOHN L. VAN HORN, Troy. Brad. Co., Pa 
Reg O.lfT and Chester White Pigs 
too Reg. CHESTER WHITE PIGS 100 
Band 8 weeks-old l’IGS, $15 each: *'-‘h pair; $40 trio. Can 
furnish paiin or trios not akin. A A SCHOFEU, Heu.ellon. N.Y. 
O.I.C 
810 wks. pitfs. school t mister «nd Trade- 
winner Lreedinjr. Send for sale list. 
81*111 \(* VAt.liEY V K KYI. Memphis, N.Y. 
CHESTER WHITES 
Fall Boars, W40 each, Spring pig- from Biglitters, 
and Big Sows, 820 each at 8 week-. Free registra¬ 
tion ill(\ W. Record. Order now' for an early choice. 
Victor Farms, Bellvale, New York 
Large Type O. I. C. Male Pigs 
.8 weeks old, sired by Master K. So. 7X190. Tliev are a line 
lot. $15 with pedigree. TERMIN' It. IlFI.FII, Middlesex, N.r. 
Thoroughbred Duroc-Jerseys 
Lute Full Hour' uruJ Sow 
Pius, bred sows Go farrow 
in May and June; also 
service boars. 
Send for descriptive 
prices and catalog 
Write for valuable book 
on Hog Management, free. 
ENFIELD FARMS 
ENFIELD, CONNECTICUT 
- - -- 
Grand Champion Stock 
REGISTERED DUROC-JERSEY HOGS. 
FINEST BLOOD IN AMERICA. 
Sows coming in second litter Si 00 each. 
Service boars Sired by Grand Champion, 
200 lbs.. S65 each. 
Orders now booked tor Sprint! tillers. 
MONEY REFUNDED IF NOT SATISFIED. 
SWEET BRIAR FARMS, Inc.. Somerville, N. J. 
THE! KiSD HOG 
JOHN A MacGOVERN, Supt.. 
FOR SALE 
Bellmath Farm Durocs 
•Tersey-Dnroc Pigs, six to eight weeks old. Or¬ 
ders hooked for May and .Tune delivery. Fall 
gilts ready to breed in May. Colonel and Defend¬ 
er breeding. Send for description and prices. 
H. C. CROCKER & SON, Sennett, New York 
Trios of DUROC PIGS BB F E " e „ 1 » c 
Size, Form, Color. Pedigrees trace to King of Cols, 
16075 and ,loe Orion II. 35527. Three Weaned Pigs, 
1850. Wolcliester Farms, Stockton, N. ,J. 
SUNNYBIPE Iturocs. Service hoars from our April litters. A 
few gilts and boars from oar F all litters. Hooking orders 
from this Spring’s litters. J. E. yin ALSTTNE, Kindirloik, N.Y. 
Milk Questions 
At a recent Dairyman's League meeting 
(lie following questions were asked: "Can 
a farmer legally separate liis milk to 8 per 
cent. New York State test, and offer such 
milk for salt 1 '?" Does milk which tests 
8 per cent and milk which tests 4 per 
cent contain the same amount of solids? 
Will you answer these questions for us? 
New York. SECRETARY. 
Ftider New York State law, milk is 
classed as adulterated if any part of the 
Cream is removed and the remainder sold 
as fluid milk. It may, however, now he 
legally manufactured into condensed milk. 
The amount of solids in milk other than 
fat varies with the fat; but not usually in 
proportion to the variation in fat, the 
other solids being relatively less. 
Advantages of Sheep-farming 
While listening recently to a discussion 
between several sheep-raising farmers, it 
seemed strange to me that more farmers 
do not go into sheep farming, on a small 
scale at least, if they are unable to go 
into it extensively. According to their 
varied experiences with sheep, there are 
many advantages derived, besides the rev¬ 
enue from wool, and that from the lambs 
and mutton during different parts of the 
year. The values of mutton and lamb 
generally accord with the wool market, 
and it seldom occurs that both products 
have to sell at bottom prices at the same 
time', while if it is desirable to hold the 
,$800 worth for each cow lie has; some do 
better, some not so well. Itut what is the 
expense of keeping the cow? She will 
eat in the year, including pasture, $75 
worth of roughage. $75 worth of concen¬ 
trates and grain : allow $45 for overhead 
expenses, including interest and depre¬ 
ciation. etc.; $8,0 for labor, and we have 
the total of $225. There is manifestly a 
loss of $25 on each cow. Yet that same 
dairyman will have at the end of the /ear 
all debts paid, a good living, and around 
$50 for each cow kept, provided he has 
kept 80 cows; in all. about $1,500 at the 
end of the year. Now lie has that amount 
more than lie had at the beginning of the 
year; yet we figure he lost $25 on each 
cow, or $750 on 80 cows. Probably he 
did not make anything by keeping the 
cows, only made a market for the rough- 
age and grain he raised on the farm. The 
cows would be a nuisance if lie did not 
need them to convert his Roughage and 
grain into money. L. T. G. 
Newton, N. J. 
Farmers as Horseshoers 
I have seen several articles regarding 
farmers shoeing their own horses. I have 
been running a horseshoeing and repair 
shop most of the time for the past 18 
years. If the farmer wishes to shoe his 
own horse a part of the time, let him take 
team to the shop. Have the smith fit a 
new set of shoes of good heft, and have 
them put on. (let a new rasp for smooth¬ 
ing their feet, a few No. 6 or No. 7 nails, 
according to the size of your horseshoe. 
When slices commence to get loose, or if 
wool for a higher price it can be easily 
stored with practically no deterioration. 
One man said that his weedy pasture 
land, into which sheep had been turned, 
had been found to carry the sheep and 
an added number of cattle after the weeds 
were destroyed and the grass given a fair 
chance for growth. They are especially 
profitable for keeping weeds in check. It 
is claimed that horses and cattle will eat 
about 50 per cent of weeds, while sheep 
eat them at the rate of 00 per cent. On 
that account they can be used to utilize 
otherwise waste land that cannot be util¬ 
ized by other animals. Lost grain left in 
the stubble can be utilized this way more 
readily than by any other means. After¬ 
math which is too scanty to afford pastur¬ 
age for other stock is just suited to sheep 
on account of their roving propensities. 
Where the growth is not too rank, cut¬ 
over timber lands may he cleaned up hv 
confining the sheep rather closely to such 
areas. Many steep hillsides now under 
cultivation would yield much larger net 
returns if grazed by well-tended* sheep, 
and kept in good grass, as the sheep’s 
iiahit of lying on high ground leaves a. 
large share of the droppings in places 
where they are most needed. 
La mbs may be marketed - eight months 
after the ewes are bred, and at the present 
high prices of meats, a large profit cannot 
‘help but be obtained from them, while the 
ewe's fleece more than pays for her keep. 
Just at this time, when there is such a 
scarcity of sheep everywhere, the advan¬ 
tages and possibilities- of sheep husbffqjlry 
are gojug to be more than usually attrac¬ 
tive. To promote the rapid maturing of 
the lambs, a variety of grazing crops and 
suitable feeds should he ;-i vnled, there¬ 
fore an inexperienced pers > i who contem¬ 
plates going into the sheep business would 
do well to purchase some breeding hooks 
and books on the diseases and ailments of 
sheep which will rapidly deplete fin ir 
numbers • unless much care and foresight 
is used. One cannot run blindly inro such 
an undertaking, as intelligent and studied 
breeding is necessary to maintain profit¬ 
able wool and mutton producing qualities. 
COU N TItY CO N TBIBUTOK. 
May Gain and Lose at Same Time 
So far as I know, the dairyman is the 
only business man who can gain and lose 
at the same time. A great deal is said 
about the cost of making milk. Some fig¬ 
ure one way and some another. What is 
the right way to figure to ascertain wheth¬ 
er or not a man is making money? For 
example, we figure on a dairyman selling 
they do not begin to work loose in about 
four or five weeks, pull shoes off', take 
rasp and smooth down horse’s foot, work¬ 
ing from the heel toward the toe, being 
very careful not to touch the heel of the 
horse’s foot, but commence on the toe, 
working toward the heel, until you have 
taken enough off the toe and back to make 
the foot level, which shortens the horse’s 
foot, hut does not lower his heel, always 
working your rasp from the heel toward 
the toe. This done, you will find shoe tits 
the horse’s foot the same as it did in the 
first place, and by rasping off the toe 
brings the heel caulks back under horse’s 
foot where it should be. 
When you have rasped off the bottom of 
the foot you will observe a line running 
around the outside of the horse’s foot, 
showing where the shell or hoof <>f the foot 
and inner part come together. Place shoe 
on the foot so as to bring the nail holes of 
the shoe just outside of this mark, or so 
that when you drive the nail it does not 
go inside pf-this line. Take nail, putting 
the slanting side of the point toward the 
horse's foot, or inside of the shoe, and 
drive it straight, being careful it does not 
go too high up. and in , being careful in 
getting nail started outside of this m$rk 
and driving straight you will he in no 
danger of pricking or laming the horse. 
Shoes will stay on and you will keep your 
horse’s toes cut down and foot shortened 
up, and find the horse will he in good 
shape for the next four or six weeks. On 
the other baud, by letting the horse go 
without being shod, his toe becomes long 
and his heel low, the heel of the shoe 
u.p in under horse’s foot, so that every 
time lie steps, or even when standing, he 
is straining the cords of his h-g between 
the knee and ankle joint. For example, 
place your toe on a two-inch stick so as 
to raise the ball of your foot an inch or 
more off the floor, resting the heel on the 
floor, then throw your weight on this leg. 
and see how long you can stand there be¬ 
fore the muscles in the calf of your leg 
will begin to ache. The same thing is true 
of your horse when you let him go with¬ 
out shoeing until his toes become long 
and the heel of liis shoe under the center 
of his foot. 
A good rule to go by is to place a com¬ 
mon carpenter’s square on the floor with 
the tongue pointing upwards, so that as 
your horse stands squarely on the floor 
the tongue of the square will run parallel 
with the cords of his fore leg. Then see 
that the heel caulk of the shoe conies even 
with square, or, in other words, square 
under these cords. If so, you will sel- 
May 3, 
dom have a lame horse from shoeing. 
Keep toes cut down and shortened up, but 
never lower the heel. It is very seldom a 
horse needs his beet lowered, and always 
insist on the smith keeping the shoes as 
wide on the heel as possible, avoiding 
contracted heels. Y'ou will find, if you 
follow this, y- : mu set your own shoes 
once or twict. • ml wheu you take your 
horse to the shop to have a new pair 
fitted your smith dot's m>t have to spend 
time in paring horse’s foot and have to 
take a chisel and dig out the bottom in 
order to get hi* foot in shape for the new 
shoe, and you have saved the cost of one 
shoeing. Your horse is in better shape, 
and the smith has nor all the hard work 
of paring and digging out horse's foot, 
which is harder work for me than all the 
rest. Many a customer I have shown, 
and even given nails and taught how to 
nail a shoe, and know I never lost any 
trade by it. practical BLACKSMITH. 
New York. 
The Prolific Sow 
Heading the breeding record of a pro¬ 
lific sow on page 648 leads me to send you 
the record of a sow owned by me. Iler 
first litter was only >ix. and I came very 
near fattening her. Her next litter was 
11 : then followed eight litters of 12 to 15 
each, and then the greatness of her record 
was in the fact that she gave birth to 54 
pigs within a year, as follows: In Feb¬ 
ruary, 17; in July. IS, and iu December, 
19. G.M. P. 
Summit. N. Y. 
You have asked for the records of some 
good sows. Here is the performance one 
has dime for me. I sold her on March 81, 
1919. for $91.42. She was not extra fat; 
I did not feed her to fatten her. This sow 
was the mother of 11 litters of pigs. 
()ut of the 11 litters 97 pigs were raised. 
From this sow and her •progeny l sold 
over $3,000 worth of lmg products, besides 
using at least $1.000 worth for our own 
meat. She was getting old and clumsy, 
so I sold her. I bought her. with four 
others, as pigs, for $8.50 each. 
Huron Co., O. samuel heymav.v. 
Tin* criticism is sometimes made that 
Berkshires as a breed have comparatively 
small litters of pigs. In a recent com¬ 
munication received from Maple Hill 
Farm. Lee. a member of the Berkshire 
County Berkshire Club. Mr. Rogers, in¬ 
forms me that from hL small herd he has 
received this season a litter of 17, two of 
14. and that the dam«of one of the litters 
of 14 has averaged 10VI pigs, for the last 
four litters. Mr. Wellington Smith, own¬ 
er of Oakshade Farms and a member of 
the club, tells me that lie has just got u 
litter of 11 that weighed 87 lbs. at birth. 
We think that tlii- is almost a record. 
The best of it is that they are so good 
that you can hardly tell one from the 
other. This information is particularly 
interesting in view of the statement re¬ 
cently made by an ardent Du roc Jersey 
breeder that the red hog was the only 
hog. because all the other fat hog breeds 
had been so fine and inbred so closely 
that the average litter was not more than 
three or four pigs. He c-ould not have 
been thinking of Berkshires when he 
wrote. SECRETARY, 
Berkshire Countv (Mass.) Berkshire 
Club. 
Here is a record of one of my sows, 
which I think will about equal that of Mr. 
Slight’s on page 648: 
Born August 22. 1914. First litter 
.Tune 9. 1915; had 11 : raised 11. Second 
litter February 18. 1916; had 16: raised 
12. Third litter October 10, 1916; had 
IS: raised 11. Fourth litter .May 3, 
1917: had 18; raised 12. Fifth litter 
October. 17. 1917; had 16; raised 11. 
Sixth litter July 1. 1918; had 15; raised 
12. Seventh litter January 10, 1919; 
had 16; raised 13. making 110 pigs in 
seven litter, and raising 82. 
Pennsylvania. GEO. H. CLAYTON. 
A Case of ‘’Shoe-boil” 
The communication from J. C. F., on 
page 026. refers to a case where “shoe- 
boil” was not caused by the horse’s shoe 
irritating the flesh, the horse being at the 
time barefooted, and it is evident from 
this case that there must he some other 
cause for slme-hoil than contact with the 
shoe or floor. My own experience cor¬ 
roborates this idea. I bought au old 
horse which was a little stiff in front from 
founder, and when I got him the slices on 
his fore feet were set under leather pads, 
and I supposed the pads were used ou ac¬ 
count nf tenderness in the feet. After a 
time I decided to try him without the 
pads. In a short time after dispensing 
with the pads a shoe-boil appeared, aud 
upon calling the attention of an old team¬ 
ster friend to the matter, lie made the re¬ 
mark : “It is not the shoes that cause the 
boil, but it is the frog of the foot,” and 
when he raised the horse’s foot so that 
the underside of the foot came in contact 
with the boil (which had not become 
larger than a lien’s eggl there was such a 
perfect lit of tin* frog to that boil that l 
was convinced, in this instance, the frog 
caused the growth of the boil. This be¬ 
came more evident later, for upon my 
having the pads replaced the boil soon 
disappeared. Therefore I am quite ready 
to believe that the heat of the foot, to¬ 
gether with the pressure and peculiar 
shape, may in some cases be the cause of 
shoe-boil. A. L. B. 
New Canaan, Conn. 
