790 
Jhe RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
May 3. 1919 
SECURO 
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Live Stock Questions 
Answered By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Feeding Freshening Heifer 
I have a Holstein heifer two years old 
the middle of May. She is now beginning 
to show .sigus of calving, probably before 
six weeks. I would like to know a good 
ration for her before she freshens and 
after. For roughage we have silage that 
did not mature, mixed hay and corn fod¬ 
der cut together or both separate. We 
have only ground oats for grain but could 
get most other feeds. The heifer weighs 
about 750 pounds. Would the ration for 
this heifer be suitable for cows that we 
are now milking? n. L. w. 
New York. 
There are many advantages in having 
a heifer come fresh with her first calf car¬ 
rying a generous amount of flesh. It is 
advisable, however, to start putting on 
this flesh as soon as it is definitely known 
that the heifer is safely settled, and it 
would have been advisable had you taken 
advantage of this condition and com¬ 
menced feeding her an added grain ration 
at an earlier date. If she has yet six 
weeks to- go before calving I would still 
try to increase her weight and condition 
considerably, and would use for this pur¬ 
pose a mixture made up of equal parts 
of eornmeal. ground oats, wheat bran and 
oil meal. A 750-pound heifer could he 
fed from eight to 10 lbs. of this mixture 
per day, which amount should be con¬ 
tinued up to within a week or 10 days of 
calving. In addition to the grain she 
should have 25 lbs. of silage and from 
10 to 14 lbs. of hay. Tt would be safe 
to let her have all of the roughage that 
she would consume in addition to the 
grain mixture that has been indicated. 
Since you have oats it would he possible 
to double the amount of oats in the above 
ration, for there is nothing more useful 
in a ration for freshening animals than 
ground oats. 
I would modify this mixture somewhat 
for cows in milk, for it is rather ex¬ 
pensive and it could be cheapened by the 
addition of gluten and cottonseed meal. 
After the cows have normally come into 
milk the following grain ration would be 
useful: 400 lbs. eornmeal or hominy 
meal. 200 lbs. of ground oats: 100 lbs. of 
wheat bran. 100 lbs. of cottonseed, and 
100 lbs. of oilmeal or gluten. Feed ap¬ 
proximately one pound of this mixture 
for each 3% pounds of milk per day. 
and as much silage and roughage as the 
cows will clean up with relish. 
Raising Swine on Mill Feed 
Can you give me any advice as to the 
rations for growing little pigs for market 
purposes? Pigs are to be killed for pork 
when they will weigh about 200 lbs. when 
dressed. I cannot obtain skim-milk or 
tankage, and will be obliged to use mill 
feeds. They will have what garden refuse 
we 'have for green food. Fan you advise a 
ration for brood sows when I must feed 
them on mill feeds the year round? I 
would like as near a balanced ration as 
possible, but do not want it to be very 
expensive. Also, how to feed them during 
gestation. Do you consider it best to 
purchase a registered female when the 
services of a purebred male cannot be se¬ 
cured and the object is the raising of 
market pigs? Don’t you think that, even 
though a grade male was used, the pigs 
would fatten quicker and more easily if 
the mother was purebred? c. r.. <;. 
Massachusetts. 
Tt is indeed difficult to suggest a ration 
where all of the feeds must be purchased 
and where the pigs do not have access to 
forage crops that would enable you to 
grow, develop and fatten these pigs at a 
reasonable profit. Assuming that your 
pigs will be farrowed during the months 
of April or May and that they will be 
weaned when they are eight weeks old. a 
suitable ration that can be used until the 
pigs weigh 75 lbs. would be derived as 
follows: 125 lbs. eornmeal. 100 lbs. white 
middlings, 50 lbs. ground oats. 15 lbs. oil- 
meal. This should be moistened and fed 
in the form of a thick slop, and the pigs 
should be fed from 2 1 ,4 to 4 IDs. per day 
for each 100 lbs. of live weight. This 
would uot by any means be full feeding, 
but it is more desirable that you secure 
growth and development of frame under 
the conditions you have indicated, rather 
than keep the pigs on full feed during the 
entire period. The latter method would 
perhaps mature the pigs before^ cold 
weather. After the pigs weigh 75 lbs. 
the ratiou could be modified and would be 
200 lbs. hominy meal. 100 lbs. ground 
oats. 25 lbs. oilmeal. This could he con¬ 
tinued until the pigs weigh 125 lbs., at 
which time I would use tin* following com¬ 
bination : 200 lbs. hominy, 200 lbs. corn- 
meal and 35 lbs. oilmeal. 
Concerning brood sows, if you are feed¬ 
ing on mill feeds the entire year round, 
assuming that they do not have access to 
forage crops. I would use the following: 
100 lbs. ground oats, 100 lbs. eornmeal. 
100 lbs. rye middlings. 100 lbs. ground 
Alfalfa hay. 40 lbs. oilmeal. This ration 
could be used up to the time they are 
bred, but I would not feed any of the 
ground rye during gestation. During this 
period a ration made up of equal parts of 
corn, oats, barley, with 10 per cent of 
oilmeal added, makes a very satisfactory 
feed. The sow should be fed in such a 
manner as will enable her to gain from 
one-half to three-quarters of a pound a 
day during gestation. If it is not pos¬ 
sible to secure Alfalfa meal, then Alfalfa 
or clover hay should be accessible at all 
times, for this will supply ash and min¬ 
eral matter in useful form. 
As to whether it would pay you to 
secure a registered female to mate with 
a grade boar would depend upon a num¬ 
ber of factors, chief among them being tin¬ 
type of grade boar that is available, and 
likewise the type of brood sow that you 
are able to secure in your district. It 
has been demonstrated time and again 
that purebred animals breed true to type, 
and convert food into pork more efficient¬ 
ly. yet I doubt the wisdom of your paying 
fancy prices'" for registered animals, rlu- 
progeny of which are to be used exclusive¬ 
ly for butchering purposes, and the sire 
of which is to be a grade. 
Improving Grade Herd 
T have 10 grade Ilolsteiu cows and de¬ 
sire to improve my stock by introducing 
a pedigreed bull or by buying a few 
registered calves. I have but little money 
to invest. Would you advise me to buy 
a pedigreed bull, yearling, to use on ray 
grade cows, or buy a few pedigreed heifer 
calves and raise them for breeding pur¬ 
poses? What would be a reasonable price 
for me to pay for pedigreed bull and 
heifer calves? Would it uot be cheaper 
in the Ion}, run to buy yearling or two- 
year-old heifers than raise same from 
calves, when interest on investment, cost 
of feed and risk from death, etc., is con¬ 
sidered ? C. it. A. 
New York. 
I would do both. I would purchase a 
purebred and registered Ilolsteiu bull to 
use on the grade heifers: likewise I would 
pick up half a dozen purebred heifer 
calves at weaning age. or as young as 
possible, and would grow and develop 
them on the conditions that obtain on 
your own farm. When old enough to he 
bred they can be bred to the purebred bull 
and they would furnish foundation stock 
that would eventually prove useful in de¬ 
veloping a purebred dairy herd. If the 
animals are bought relatively young they 
will not cost very much, and it is clearly 
the best way to get into the purebred 
business. 
A purebred bull old enough for service, 
out of a cow with hotter thau an average 
production, ought to be secured for $250; 
while the purebred heifers when about 
three months old would cost from $50 to 
$75 apiece. There are many advantages 
in buying yearling or two-year-old heifers, 
although they would cost considerably 
more, yet it is not uncommon to find in¬ 
stances where a yearling or two-year-old 
heifers can be secured at about tin* same 
amount as calves at the age suggested. 
You would gain by purchasing tin* older 
animals, inasmuch as it could be deter¬ 
mined whether or not they were well 
grown and in a vigorous condition. 
Nevertheless, the expense of securing the 
older animals is generally greater. 
Feeding Sow and Pigs 
We could not get Alfalfa hay advised 
for sow. but got a ground Alfalfa which 
I mixed with her feed. We have nine 
pigs two weeks old. Will you tell me 
what to feed them when six weeks old? 
We sell them at seven weeks, except one 
which we keep to butcher next Fall. 
What will make it grow the fastest? 
Would like to have it weigh 200 lbs. next 
Fall. MBS. A. R. R. 
Connecticut. 
The best way to get young pigs to grow 
is to feed their mother very generously 
during the nursing period, for experience 
prompts the suggestion that it is far and 
away more practicable to force tin* sow 
to her maximum milk production by feed¬ 
ing her what may appear to be an extrav¬ 
agant ration, in order that her milk flow 
may be kept at its maximum after the 
pigs are three weeks old. Fuless the sow 
was nursed down very thin I would let 
the pigs nurse until they were eight or 
nine weeks old, and a useful ration for a 
brood sow nursing pigs would consist of 
30 lbs. eornmeal, 30 lbs. ground oats. 20 
lbs. white middlings, 15 lbs. beet pulp and 
5 lbs. digester tankage. 
After the pigs are weaned I would feed 
them a thick slop made up as follows: 
40 lbs. white middlings. 35 lbs. ground 
oats. 20 lbs. of cracked corn or eornmeal, 
and 5 11*. digester tankage. These ingre¬ 
dients are standard, and. while they are 
relatively expensive, they will insure 
prompt and rapid development. If you 
prefer to let the pig balauee its own ra¬ 
tion. then a self-feeder containing corn or 
hominy, ground oats and tankage, will he 
all that will he necessary, and a pig fed 
in this manner ought to weigh 225 lbs. at 
six months of age. If you have access to 
forage crops, then the grain ration should 
be limited to 2 1 /: lbs. per day for each 
100 lb.s of live weight. After the pig 
reaches a weight of 125 lbs. then the 
grain should be increased, and he ought 
to double his weight within the next three 
months. 
