796 
Vtt RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
May 3, 1919 
Ricjlrt or Left Hand 
The United States Disc Separator is the 
only separator that can be run from either side. 
No matter whether you are right- or left- 
handed; no matter what space or corner you 
want to fit it in, the United States will con¬ 
form. The United States is the only sepa¬ 
rator that can be equipped with crank and 
power at the same time. 
Just another exclusive feature of the 
United States —the separator holding 
the WORLD’S RECORD for close 
skimming. 
Ask the United States dealer to 
show you other equally-important 
features. 
Vermont Farm Machine Company 
BELLOWS FALLS, VT. 
Chicago Portland, Ore Salt Lake City 
U. S. Farm Lighting Plants and Engines 
Wa tch your newspaper j or t/ils adrertiiei/i-nt telliny where you cun tee the 
United 'States Separator. Agents and dealers wanted in some localities. 
■I iriNiTBb <s. 
I 
Farm Mechanics 
^ DISC SEPARATOR] 
105 
WRITE GAIIMK 
Special Sale/f~p"~ 
15,000 — 750 lb. Size 
SEPARATORS 
This special factory-run, low- 
price is the same for one or if 
you bought the whole 15.000.__ 
The low price is based on e* " 
15,000 run. The 750 l\>. y 
size is the best all arming 
size—our biggest seller." 
lias all our latest 1919 
improvements. Skims close. 
Easy to run and clean. Every 
drop of milk gets full skim¬ 
ming force of tile bowl. Sold on 
180 milking tests too. 
Write for 
r-REE 
Book and 
Special Sale 
Folder s F p";Vni 
quantity, factory-run 
low-price on the one 
size Separator. 1 
Over 300.000 sat 
isfietl (lallow. ay 
customers. Nf^r 
to-you shipping 
(mints »jfV7* you 
freight 
Wm. 
Galloway 
n Box 275 
WAUmlOO. IOWA 
Special 
• ale on 
Engine* and 
Spreadera 
too. WRITE 
TODAY. 
$420 Extra Profit 
2 !- 
[GALLON 
H W. H. Graham of Middleton. Mo., says in 
/ an actual test that ?30 worth of Milkoline made 
him an extra profit of $420. Hundreds of others 
from coast to coast say the same thing. 
Hustles Heavy Hogs to Market 
Is the title of a little booklet that tells all about 
Milkoline (buttermilk made better for feeding) and 
how when fed according to directions it costs but zc a 
gallon. Makes hogs and poultry digest their feed- 
saves time and money. Ask for free copy of booklet 
and our thirty day trial off#r. 
milkoline MFC. co. «.is. e etsrar.» 
Distributors : 
W. J. Blanchard - - Abington, Mats. 
Anderson & Bereh - - Fishkill, N. Y. 
Campbell, Morrell & Co. - Passaic, N. J. 
Frank S. Jones, Lanvale Sta., Baltimore, Md. 
Herndon-Carte Co. - - Louisville, Ky. 
Fills as Fast 
as You Can. 
Feed, it 
And elevates your Silage to any height with 
less power than any other machine. That’s 
“Guaranteed” with the “Knife on the 
Fly-Wheel:-” 
or 
jDiscT hrower 
SILO TILLER 
It overcomes all the faults you ever 
heard of in Silo fillers. A dozen im¬ 
portant features that are innovations 
in Silo-filling machinery. You can't 
choke it and it won't blow up. It means 
better Silage with less labor, less power and 
less cost. Be ready to fill when your crop is 
ready. Get catalog giving complete details 
now. Book Free—write today. 
Tudor & Jones 
Distributors 
Weedsport - - - New York 
ANN ARBOR MACHINE COMPANY ^ 
Manufacturers 
Silo Fillers Hay Balers 
* 
N 
N 
SICK ANIMALS 
“VET.” BOOK about Horae*. Cattle, 
Sheep, Dog* and Poultry, aent free. 
Humphreys’ Veterinary Medicine*, 156 
William Street, New York. 
Special Sale of Silos 
I have left only a few of my 
first lot of silos, bought in 
January. So long as they 
last I will sell them by mail 
at the same low prices as 
formerly. Next lot will cost 
about $12.00 more per silo. 
If I have your size left you 
get a bargain. Silos are of 
the same standard make 
and of excellent material. 
All new and first-class in 
every way. 
M. L. SMITH, Manufacturer’s Agent 
113 Flood Building 
Meadville Pennsylvania 
Money refunded if not satfufartary 
THE MOORE BROS OF ALBANY 
NEW YORK 153 Huditon A 
FEEDS AND FEEDING, by Henry and 
Morrison. Price. $2.50. The best book on 
this subject. For sale by Rural New-Yorker 
I DIGESTER TANKAGE 
FOR HOGS 
1 Write for prices, feed¬ 
ing directions, etc. 
I | IDEAL RENDERING CO. 
NORTH WALES. PA. „„ t ^ 
-.UIIIIlllllllUIMIIIIIIIUlllllllllMIIIIIIMIMUIIlllHllllimilllllllllllimimilllUt 
Construction of Spring-house 
Due to open season, we have been un¬ 
able to cut any ice for the farm. Can you 
give me any details for building a spring- 
house. or building to cover a spring, for 
cooling milk, butter and house food? 
There is not cellar under the house. 
East Aurora, N. Y. m. k. 
While water cannot hope to compete 
with ice as a cooling medium, there are 
still many cases where it can be used to 
advantage in securing a moderate reduc¬ 
tion in temperature. Ice, at the melting- 
point, has a temperature of 32 degrees 
Fahr., while the coldest of well or spring 
water is no lower than from 40 to 4ft de¬ 
grees Fahr. in temperature. In addition, 
ice remains at this low temperature until 
completely melted, while the water, no 
matter how cold, will begin to rise in tem¬ 
perature as soon as brought into contact 
with a warmer body. The heat absorbed 
is. in one case, used in melting the ice, 
and in the other it is used in raising the 
temperature. With these conditions in 
mind it is easily seen that a sufficient 
amount of cold water must be available 
so that it may be used in comparatively 
large quantities, and that the cooling ar¬ 
rangement must provide for a circulation 
of the water about the objects cooled if 
the lowest possible temperature that may 
be obtained from the water is to be 
reached. A good spring usually - meets 
these conditions; the water costs nothing 
for pumping and may be used in unlimit¬ 
ed amounts up to the capacity of the 
spring. Furthermore, it is usually cold. 
Anyone having a spring so situated that it 
is convenient to the buildings is for¬ 
tunate. 
The tank shown in the drawing is 
planned for such a situation. It may he 
either placed directly at the spring, or 
the spring water may be piped some little 
galvanized iron 
oox. /or food; — 
water /eve/ 
waste iva/cr-j 
— >vater /evef 
un screw fo e/ratn ten A 
COOLWG T/INK 
Syl p'V--/ «- for — 
£ 
rooo enVn/LK 
7PM S 
Diaf/nnn of Cool'nuj Tank 
distance to it by gravity. It is composed 
of a concrete tank 2 ft. 4 in. in inside 
width and depth. The length may be as 
great as needed, and tin* width and depth 
may be" changed if desired, these dimen¬ 
sions being given because they are right 
for a double row of the ordinary railroad 
milk cans. The walls and bottom should 
be made from a mixture of one part ce¬ 
ment. two parts clean, coarse sand, well 
graduated in size, and four parts screened 
gravel, building them up about six inches 
(hick by means of forms, and taking spe¬ 
cial care to see that the concrete is thor¬ 
oughly mixed and wet enough to iill the 
forms compactly by spading and ramming. 
A spade thrust down next to the forms 
will force the coarse aggregate back, and 
leave a smoother surface after the con¬ 
crete has sot. The bottom should be laid 
on a solid foundation, like well-rammed 
cinders, and should be given a slight slope 
so that all water can be drained to an 
opening at one end. This opening is pro¬ 
vided by fitting the tank end of the drain 
pipe with a coupling that is so placed, that, 
it comes just to the level of the finished 
tank bottom. A length of pipe cut IS 
inches and threaded at one end may he 
screwed into this and will provide an 
overflow at the proper level, as shown in 
the sketch. Needless to say. the inside 
of the tank should be either troweled or 
brushed with a coating of clear cement 
and water mixed to the consistency of 
Pronin to give a smooth surface. Bolts are 
inserted in tin* top edge of the tank wall, 
which should extend from four to six 
inches above the floor, while it is still 
soft, by which 2xGs are bolted about the 
top to which the cover may be hinged and 
fitted. This cover is optional if the.spring 
is provided with a good roof, and if used 
should be provided with a screened ven¬ 
tilator. 
The cooling of food is provided for by 
making a galvanized iron tank from, four 
to six inches narrower than the inside 
width of the concrete tank and from two 
to three inches less in depth. This is 
supported as shown in the cross section 
so that the water surrounds it completely 
except at the top, and if a sufficient 
stream of cold water flows through the 
tank it is kept at a temperature sufficient¬ 
ly low to keep butter and milk for table 
use. 
The galvanized food container is fixed 
to the bottom of the tank by making a 
frame of narrow pine boards carrying 
four or more, depending upon the capacity 
required, in* rods or bolts, as shown 
in tlie cross section. These are bedded 
into the concrete floor of the tank during 
the process of building, to the proper 
depth, holes punched in the bottom of the 
food container to match it and it is then 
set down over them. Gaskets are now cut 
to slip over the bolt ends inside the food 
container, a washer cut from galvanized 
iron placed over the rubber gasket to pro¬ 
tect. it, and the nut screwed down into 
place. This clamps the bottom of the 
metal tank between the soft pine board 
and the rubber gasket and makes a water¬ 
tight joint, at the same time supporting 
tlie tank so that there is a free circulation 
of cold water about it. This food box 
may be provided with partitions, shelves 
and a cover if thought desirable. 
While almost any kind of building ma¬ 
terial can be used to construct a spring 
house, one built, of concrete blocks may 
be made very attractive and durable. This 
can be made in almost any size or shape 
to meet.the needs, although a rectangular 
shape will usually be found the most con¬ 
venient. If a good double cover is pro¬ 
vided. giving shade as well as protection 
from dust, dirt and insects, the spring 
house is not absolutely necessary, al¬ 
though to be desired. In fact, the whole 
idea may be simmered down to very hum¬ 
ble proportions and a galvanized wash- 
tub clamped down in the bottom of a wood 
tank in the manner shown may he ex¬ 
pected to give very good results. 
More About Septic Tanks 
Tn installing a septic tank for sewage 
disposal, which is to be preferred, a two- 
compartment tank or a tank divided into 
three or more compartments? Wlmt is 
tlie science of it? My neighbor has a two- 
compartment satisfactory for eight years 
for a small family. I have a three-com¬ 
partment. recently installed, likewise sat¬ 
isfactory for a large family. We want t" 
put in two more, one for a big school with 
several score of pupils. We cannot find 
anyone who knows how and why. The 
contractors throw most any kind of a box 
together, connect tlie compartments in 
most any old way and say. “Darned if T 
know.” Ts it best to syphon the water 
from one compartment to the other, or is 
it just as well to let it all float together 
over tlie top of the partitions? 
Merad, Cal. G. f. rr. 
There seems as yet to be little uniform¬ 
ity in septic tank construction, there Ic¬ 
ing considerable variation in tin 1 types 
advocated and the reasons given for the 
alleged superiority of. each. Reports from 
users thus far, however, indicate that the 
simple forms do their work as well as tlm 
more complicated, and more time will have 
to elapse before if. is determined whether 
any essential thing is being omitted from 
che ordinary simple types of construction. 
The “science” is the science of rotting: 
a very interesting thing, too. It has been 
found that the solid matter contained in 
ordinary household sewage may he made 
to rot very rapidly if it is hold in a dark, 
tight, underground chamber where certain 
bacteria that cannot live in the presence 
of light and air may work at it. While 
these bacteria quickly change the solids 
into liquids and gas. they do not purify 
the liquid thus produced, and the latter 
must be further subjected to tlie action of 
other bacteria that require air for their 
work before it can safely be discharged 
into the open. This second process, that 
of purification, may be accomplished in a 
chamber open to the air. in a filter bed 
over which the discharge from the tank is 
passed, or. still better, in the upper layers 
of the soil into which it is carried by 
means of open jointed tiling. 
In a double-chamber tank, perhaps the 
most commonly used type, the first cham¬ 
ber acts as a receiving and settling com¬ 
partment and the second as a discharge 
chamber from which the now liquefied 
contents may be expelled, either by syphon 
action at intervals or more or less continu¬ 
ously as fresh supplies of sewage enter 
from the house. The exact method of 
conveying the liquid from one chamber t<> 
the other does not matter, though it should 
lie done in such a way as to avoid strong 
currents with the breaking up of the 
heavy layer of scum that forms upon the 
tank contents, this layer of scum being es¬ 
sential to the welfare of the bacteria that 
do the work. To avoid the formation of 
such currents, baffle-boards are used, and 
both the inlet and outlet of the tank are 
carried below the water level inside. 
A septic tank should have a sufficient 
capacity to hold at least a 24-hour supply 
of sewage from the building served. This 
to avoid too frequent change of contents. 
This capacity is variously estimated at 
from 2o to (10 gallons per person. The 
capacity should, of course, he figured be¬ 
low the water level in the tank, and a 
space of 12 inches, or more, should lie left 
above this level for the accumulation of 
gas. m. B. D. 
