842 
‘Jht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Dependable 
for Threshing 
The old reliable steam engine 
has never been equaled in power 
for threshing. It is steady, which 
is always necessary to insure 
good results. It’s the power that 
most people know how to oper¬ 
ate, Its troubles are easily dis¬ 
covered and remedied. If it gets 
weak it does not stop dead. Al¬ 
most anything that can bum 
can be used for fuel. The 
Nichols‘Shepard 
Steam Engine 
represents the best that can be pro¬ 
duced in steam engine construction. It 
is durable and has lots of power. It is 
easily bandied. Almost anyone can 
keep it ruuniuR. . 
When you nave a thresherman do 
your threshing with a Nichols-Shepard 
Steam Traction Engine and a Red 
River Special, you know that your 
work is to lie done quickly and well. 
No waiting and loafing on your job 
It pays to hire a Nichols Shepard 
outfit. It saves your time and grain. 
Try it this year. Jt will mean mom y 
in yoot pocket. 
It you are a threshman, buy a Red 
River Special outfit. 
It Saves the farmers' Thresh Bill 
Nichols & Shepard Co. 
In Continuous Business Since 1S4S 
Builders exclusively of Ked River Spe¬ 
cial Threshers, Wind Stackers, Feeders, 
Steam and Oil-Gat Traction Engines 
Battle Creek 
Michigan 
re 
Let ’er Rain! 
If you’ve a man's 
work to do, wear 
lower’s 
5^ Fish Brand 
Reflex 
Slicker 
The coat that keeps 
out till the rain. Re¬ 
flex Edges stop evert’ 
drop from running 
in at the front. 
Protector Mat, too. 
Satisfaction Guaranteed 'VOW ER' S 
Send for free catalog 
A.J. TOWER COJ 
11 » BOSTON f JSH bRA^ 
I mill actors to the Uoieriinunt 
TAPES 
FOR TYING 
CELERY 
ASPARAGUS 
IN FAST COLORS 
Hoffman-Corr Tape Mfg. Co. 
312 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
T obacco ftem* U i.« tobacco lit ter. iobaccu 
STEM*— Tw Pillars Hale—oue hundred lbs.; Twenty 
live dollars ton, H< bales ('urea Hue oil chickens, cattle, 
horses. TOBACCU 0US1 t'our dollars, one hundred lbs. < ash 
with order. I O 13. t are N k J. BRElfWIESER, Buffalo, N. ». 
H 4 Mi HI X DOM,lit AN HOUR, SELL M KN DET'H 
agents H patent patch for instantly mending leaks 
o ** in all u tensile. Sample p a c k a g e free. 
COLLETTE M IT. t <)., In pt. 10H, Amsterdam. N. V. 
| .1 Mason sold 48 Sprayers and Autowashers one 
AgonlSi Saturday 1’iolltn tv.ftO each. Square Peal. 
Particulars i Kh.li;. KT’SI.KIt OOMPANY, Johnbtovn. Ohio 
Two Excelled Vegetable Books 
By R. L. W t»tta 
Vegetable Gardeniiiy ..... $1.75 
Vegetable Forcing ....... 2.00 
Clearly written practical, convenient lol 
reference covering otitdooi and green¬ 
house vegetabit work. For sale by 
The Rural NeW‘Yorker 
333 W. 30th St.,, New York 
unable to go into detail at this time, by 
which tbe pomace from this bushel of 
apples "ill yield one quart of syrup, 
worth $1 per gallon. After the recovery 
of the syrup the remaining pomace when 
dehydrated will yield five pounds of de¬ 
bt drated product, worth from three to 
four cents per pound for jelly making. 
Thus in this why, counting 115 c for the 
syrup, the pomace from one bushel of 
apples has a commercial value of about 
40c. This should make those operators 
with soured dump heaps scratch Their 
heads in meditation over lost profits. Na¬ 
ture does not say: “This is the way, fol¬ 
low therein.” She lets us thrash about, 
blundering or building, as we will. And 
when we hit the right key, giving order 
to a natural process, we soon feel the nib¬ 
ble to trade off the old car for something 
better. The apple is slowly coming un¬ 
der man's mastery, and the program, while 
slow, is continuous. A few years ago no 
one would have dreamed of any earthly 
value inherent in pomace. Who will say 
that the final value of the apple through 
its by-products luis yet been ascertained? 
It i.s said there are over 3.000 cider mills 
in the Tinted States that will average 
1,000 bushels of apples per day during tbe 
season, it will be seen by this that the 
loss resulting from failure to utilize this 
former waste product means a realization 
of only part of the profits possible in the 
industry. A. H. PULVEB. 
The Sowing of Seeds 
Seedsmen are often blamed foi the non- 
germinating quality of seeds when ihe 
•fault lies wholly with the purchaser who 
has ignorantly or carelessly neglected to 
follow the necessary details of starting 
properly ihe process of germination. A 
certain amount of warmth and moisture, 
and that continuous, i.s necessary in the 
first place. As temperature varies as 
latitude and altitude vary, there is but 
one”safe rule to follow as to time to sow, 
and that is the growth of wild vegetation 
and the leafing and flowering of trees im¬ 
mediately around. Some of the great seed 
houses whose business covers many de¬ 
grees of latitude recognize this, and give 
packet instructions accordingly. Seeds 
that self-sow in last year’s Hover beds 
have a habit <»f germinating about right, 
so as to escape all but abnormally late 
severe frosts. The ground being warm 
enough to germinate the seed is warm 
enough to carry the young plants through 
cold nights, and tin* little plants are often 
protected by rank, larger, cold-blooded 
weeds that started some time before. 
However, many seeds of quite tender 
plants will lb- in the ground some time 
without spoiling, even if sown too early, 
and then the trouble comes from another 
source, that of competition with rank 
weeds which were able to start before 
the seed sown. Hunting among thrifty 
weeds two inches or more high is not 
pleasant work in a raw Spring day, and 
if you happen to be a beginner the 
ehances are that you will be a little un¬ 
certain which is which. There is a very 
easy way to avoid much anxiety and un¬ 
certainty, and that is to mark definitely 
in some way where seed is sown. 
After making a seed bed as fine as 
possible it is best, if the seed is fine and 
costly, to even the. surface by leveling 
with some fine rich soil that has been 
sifted through a kitchen sieve or bit of 
door screen. Having got the soil just 
right, sow tbe seed in little blocks in 
parallel rows. Tse a school foot-rule or 
a bit of lath with a bevel edge. Make a 
depression with the bevel and sow the 
seed thinly, making as many rows two 
inches apart as may be necessary, and 
cover with the fine sifted soil. Stick a 
little stake just north of the block and 
impale tbe packet paper thereon, and you 
have not only tbe location of that par¬ 
ticular sowing, but documentary evidence 
to prove it. Other blocks of seed can be 
sow’ll adjoining, and in this way all doubt 
and uncertainty can be done away with. 
Another very interesting way is to 
make concentric rings by pressing the 
rims of different sized flower pots into tin- 
even surface of the Soil and sow in the 
depressions thus made. Begin with the 
smallest ring, and if the seed does not 
use all the layout, sow something else. 
Of course these suggestions apply only 
to seeds like aslers. Zinnias and other 
plants which require individual room a 
number of inches apart, and which are 
most economically grown by starting in 
a seed bed and transplanting later. One 
will notice in the directions on seed pack¬ 
ets that some are to b<- sown where the 
plant is, to grow. The poppy is one of 
these, and easily uses a space of eight or 
10 inches square per plant. The usual 
way is to string or dribble the seed along 
a scratch in the ground and then weed 
out spaces after the plants are well 
started. I have another way which in¬ 
sures not only an absolutely even stand 
but shows where the plants may be found. 
I lay a straight-edged board across tbe 
bed and make a faint mark. Then with a 
flower pot with a 3-in. bottom I make 
an impression on the soil. The hole in 
the bottom leaves a burr of untlattened 
soil. I repeat lhis> at the necessary in¬ 
tervals. Then with a bluntly sharpened 
pencil or slii-k I make a depression in the 
burr. Then, taking the seed in the hollow 
of my left hand. 1 take with the point of 
a pocket-knife three or four seeds and 
drop in each pencil mark, and cover by 
simply pressing down with my thumb. 
The flattened surface made by the pot 
will generally show until the plants ap¬ 
pear, and thus one can scrape away the 
sprouting- weeds around without disturb¬ 
ing the poppies. Time can be gained by 
sowing bead lettuce a foot apart this way. 
The lettuce should be thinned to one 
plant, but with flowers like poppies two 
or three may be left fu a place. Very 
likely the flowers will differ in color, and 
this will make the bed more interesting. 
Hardening may be made interesting to 
children by writing their names on the 
soil and sowing the marks with lettuce 
or with seeds of plants to be transplanted. 
‘ flfio. I,. B. PIERCE. 
Crops and Farm News 
Eggs, 42 Jo 50e; milk, fl to 10e per qt. ; 
potatoes. 75 to 85c per basket: poultry, 
-8 to 35c per lb.: pork, $1S to $22 per 
cwt.: hay, best, $30 to $35 per ton : rye, 
straw, $(» per ton. Young pigs .$7 apiece, 
six or seven weeks old. There is not much 
grain sold in this locality; most of it fed 
upon farm. Xot much fruit raised in this 
township. Some apples, cherries, peaches 
and strawberries; cherries and apples 
promise a good crop. lVaches and straw¬ 
berries doubtful; the cold -snap end of 
April injured the bloom; also pears. Ev¬ 
erything is high but tomatoes for the can¬ 
ning season. The farmers go panicky and 
let the canners put one or two over on 
them. East season the farmers got .$30 
per ton; this year the canners came along 
and offered .$21 per ton. The farmers 
said it is too low the way the prices are 
that they have to pay at the stores and 
feed mills; pork, 32 to 35c per lb.; bacon, 
64o per lb.; coffee, 32c and up: sugar, 10c 
now and perhaps higher. Rye flour. .$10 
per bbl.: wheat flour, $14.50 to $15 per 
l)bl.: paper-soled shoes. $5 and up. The 
farmers signed contracts to furnish to¬ 
matoes for $21. per ton, less freight, net¬ 
ting them about $10 for best grade to¬ 
matoes and about $14 for second grade. 
In the lowest priced stores in this county 
(Burlington) today 10-oz. cans of to¬ 
matoes are selling for 12c per can. These 
tomatoes cost last season $30 per ton, 
about 1c for 10 oz. Of course tbe tin can 
cost something, but no 11c. Somebody is 
getting good profit between farmer and 
consumer. Labor is high, but it has got to 
be as long as prices are so high for the 
necessities of life. I was in Philadelphia, 
l*a., a short time ago and bananas were 
50c per doz.; cucumbers, two for 25c; 
apples, 10c apiece, and a little wee cup 
of coffee, about half ordinary fanner’s 
coffee cup size, was 5c ; it. was the cheapest 
thing that I saw all day. On Market 
street, in front of a retail liquor store, I 
saw two men reading the prices of liquor 
per bottle; it was from $2 10 tip. line 
man said to tbe other one. “It’s too high; 
I have got to quit drinking booze anil 
drink water.” I thought that was one 
good thing caused by high prices, if noth¬ 
ing else. Rye, wheat and oats look fine, 
with prospects of a good yield. TTicle 
Sam tiH.k the best of our farms* in this 
township (New Hanover) and it looks as 
though he was going to keep them to make 
a sort of public pork barrel for politicians. 
Of course, Camp Hix is world renowned, 
as soldier boys can testify. G. G. 8. 
Burlington Co., N. .1. 
Winter grain looking fine, and prospects 
for a 100 per cent crop. Farm work in 
good shape and planting is being done in 
season. Wheat, $2.40; rye, $1.15; po¬ 
tatoes, $5e; eggs. 40c; butter, 75c. Clover 
seed scarce and very high in price; A Like, 
$24; Medium Red, $30. Help not as 
scarce as a year ago, but still not plenti¬ 
ful. Wages, $30 to $40 per month and 
board. The usual acreage of potatoes will 
be planted this season. Not much coni 
grown here, as the seasons are too short, 
owing to the altitude. The County Agent 
has been having demonstrations in differ¬ 
ent parts of the comity on hog raising. 
In Banks township the potato wart dis¬ 
ease has appeared, and the section 
quarantined. Some other districts near 
Hazleton have also been quarantined and 
no potatoes can la* grown in the infected 
regions. No manure or potato vines or 
any straw may be taken from thi* district. 
The disease was brought from Europe 
several years ago in some potatoes that 
were shipped to this section. Some of 
them were planted, and in this way the 
disease was got into the soil. w. s. b. 
Carbon Co., Fa. 
Potatoes, according to quality, from 
$1.25 to $1.50 per bu.; apples, from $4 
to $<i per bu.; dairy butter, from 05 to 
75c per lb., retail; eggs, 45, 47 and 50c; 
veal calves, 22c per lb., when hog-dressed; 
fresh pork, 24c per lb., by the carcase. 
May 17, 1910 
Live poultry—Fowls, 45c per lb.; dressed, 
50 to 55c per lb. Labor being scarce 
and fertilizer high, the potato acreage 
is going to be light. Farm work is slow; 
oat acreage will be large, from five to 05 
acres. Farmers expect to put in a large 
acreage of buckwheat. Seed buckwheat 
is $2.50 per bu. Silage corn .12 to 20 
acres. Very Small acreage of field corn. 
Hairy cows are high, from $100 to $150. 
At a local sale a herd of 37 Jerseys 
averaged $112. A herd of grade 
cows averaged $107. At South Montrose. 
Susquehanna Co., 55 bead of registered 
Holstein cows sold for $22,500. One regis¬ 
tered Holstein bull calf six months old 
brought $0. i0. Good work horses, weight 
around 1.200 lbs.. $250; about 1,400 to 
Lotto lbs., about $375. according to age. 
Siniug pigs are plentiful. $10 to $10 per 
Pair, according to quality. Eggs are 
hatching very poorly. Dairymen are get¬ 
ting Sc per qt for milk, delivered; re¬ 
tailers are getting 14c. Mill feeds are 
high. Meal. $3.40 per cwt.; middlings 
$2.7o: gluten, $3.30; No. 1 feed, $3.40; 
ground oats, $3.20; whole and cracked 
corn, $3.40. Fresh mined coal, chestnut 
and stove, $7.85 for 2.240 lb*, p. <•. w. 
Lackawanna Co., Pa. 
The latter part of April was remark¬ 
able for its amount of cold, stormy 
weather. On the 24th and 25th it was 
more severe than it was last Winter. We 
have had several severe freezes. We 
have had also quite a large amount of 
rain, which, lias retarded farming. There 
was very little grain sown and no gar¬ 
dens made up to April 30. Clover seed 
i.s sown, and a few have sown their cab- 
baice seed, which has been snowed under, 
ulieat. and grass are making an extra 
good start, and give promise for a full 
crop. Timothy hay has soared to $30 
per ton. Potatoes are on the rise, at 
present $1 50 per bu. Veal is declining 
m price. 15T.c per lb. Pork lias advanced 
to $18.,0 per cwt. Flour lias raised 50c 
on a bbl.. with another each raise ex¬ 
pected. 1 "ung pigs are scarce at, $S 
eiu li. Eggs hold their own well at 4()c. 
Rutter is bringing 50c per lb. I have 
made an examination of the peach and 
sweet cherry buds since our last bard 
freezes, and find them to bo all right with 
the prospect for a full crop. Some are 
spraying apples. e t n 
Ontario Co., X. Y. 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, MAY 17, 1919 
FARM TOPICS 
Tho H’U Farms and Reconstruction... .837. 
The Wheat Situation. 
Wheat Prices to Farmers." 
Preparing for the Grain Crop.” 
Daylight Saving on the Farm. . ... 
Developments in Machine Handling the Corn 
Crop . 
Beans with Potatoes. 
Lime Comnared with Fertilizer...!!!!!.!”! 
Curing Crimson Clover. 
Destroying Locust Stumps. 
Crops and Farm News.. 
Figuring Out a Fertilizer. !..!!!! 
Improving Sour Soil. \\ 
Fertility Pu-rzle . 
Figuring Prices for Crops. . . . . . . 
Notes and Comments. 
Un-State Farm Notes. j’’” 
Hope Farm Notes.'.'.'.'.'.852 
A Case of Sealing Farm Produce. 
The Farmer as an Advertiser. . 
838 
831 
838 
838 
838 
839 
840 
840 
840 
840 
842 
845 
845 
845 
848 
849 
850 
853 
855 
864 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Values of Milk and M**at as Food. 838 
That Sinclairville, N. Y., Milk Prob’erL ..' ‘ 838 
New York State Federation of Sheep Growers 865 
Thoughts on the Milk Situation. 855 
A Woman's Milk Comments.j 856 
Figures on the Butterfat Basis. .... 855 
Horse Breeding in the East. 855 
Rotation for Live Stock Farm.858. 865 
Dairy Ration . 860 
Grain for Cows on Pasture. 860 
Three Litters a Year. 860 
Sale of Tuberculous Cow. ... geo 
Figuring Dairy Profit or Loss. 860 
Restraining Breachy Cattle. 864 
A Dastardly Outrage. 865 
THE HENYARD 
Profits from a Small Flock. 868 
Up-to-date Henhouse . 868 
Clipping White Leghorn Chicks. 868 
Hatching Troubles . 868 
Egg-laying Contest . 869 
HORTICULTURE 
Direct Sale of Fine Apples. 840 
New Value in Apple Pomace. 841 
Sowing of Seeds. 842 
Pruning Old Apple Trees. 844 
Failure of Apples to Set Fruit. 844 
Thinning Onions: Greenhouse Soil. 853 
Fruit Crop Prospects. 853 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day. 856 
Dyeing a Fiber Rug. 866 
Dyeing Carpet: Horae Spinning. 856 
Rag Rurs with Mitered Corners. 856 
Conserving Women’s Clothing—Part 1. 856 
The Rural Patterns. 856 
Spring Activities in the House. 867 
Embroidery Design . 857 
Letters from a Cousin. 857 
More About Midnight Marauders. 857 
Canned Pimentos . 857 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Events of the Week. 
A Road Problem. 
Rural Carriers and Holidays. 
Farmers and Their Dirt Roads. 
Do the Jol) Ourselves. 
Moon and the Weather. 
Workers and Daylight Saving. 
We Must Advertise Our Business. 
Want to Know. 
Country-wide Markets .. 
Editorials . 
Water-power Questions .. 
Ram with Standpipe. 
A Water Problem. 
Painting Weather-worn Dwelling. ... . 
Publisher’s Desk . 
846 
848 
848 
848 
848 
848 
848 
848 
848 
853 
854 
86C 
866 
866 
866 
870 
