66 6 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
Water-power Questions 
What power does it take to run a 6-in. 
pump to iift water 32 ft. and throw it 
25 ft. high after going through the pump? 
What power can be developed from a 
80-ffc. wheel with a 24-in. pipe of water?* 
Hanging Rock. W. Va. H. H. S. 
The power required to “throw a stream 
of wafer 25 feet high” would depend upon 
the size of the stream; the larger the 
stream the greater the power required 
as more water would be lifted. This factor 
you have neglected to give. a> you do not 
state the size nozzle through which the 
water is to be forced. 
Assuming a 1-in. nozzle experimenters 
have found that under a pressure of 
about 32 lbs. to the square inch such a 
nozzle will throw a stream about 25 ft. 
high, passing, when working in this way. 
about 300 gallons per minute. Each pound 
of pressure is equal to a depth of 2.5 ft. 
of water, therefore a pump working 
against 32 lbs. pressure is doing work 
equivalent to pumping to a height of 
2.5x12 or 27 ft. As the pump is to raise 
water 12 ft. before' passing it through the 
nozzle it is working against a total head 
of 27 plus 32. or 39 feet, and in the case 
assumed, delivering 100 gallons of water 
per minute. A gallon of water weighs 
3.33 pounds, making the work being done 
equivalent to lifting S35 pounds 39 feet 
per minute, or 833 by 39 equals 32.487 
foot pounds done per minute. 
A horse power is equal to 53.000 foot 
pounds done in one minute, thus theoreti¬ 
cally the power required would be 32.487 
plus 33.000. or nearly one horse power. 
Due to friction and other losses, how¬ 
ever. the theoretical horse power required 
should at least be doubled, and the use 
of a two to three horse power engine is 
indicated in the case assumed. While the 
question does not say so, it is probable 
that an ordinary reciprocating pump with 
a 6-iu. cylinder is meant. If such is the 
case, such a pump having a 20 to 24 in. 
stroke and working at the rate of 40 
strokes per minute will just about supply 
the 3-in nozzle at the desired rate. 
In regard to the water wheel, the state¬ 
ment is made that there is enough fall 
to permit the use of a 30-ft. wheel and 
that there is water enough t<> till a 24-in. 
pipe. The shape of the pipe, whether 
round or square in cross section, its 
length, or the rate of flow of the water 
contained in it are not given. These 
factors are important, for without them 
there is no accurate way of determining 
the amount of water passing over the 
wheel per minute. This part of your 
letter was referred to a reliable water¬ 
wheel company asking them if from their 
experience, they could give the probable 
velocity of the water in the pipe. They 
answered that under the conditions given 
they could give nothing definite, but 
that they would expect the flow to be 
from 3 to 4 ft. per second. Figuring on 
this basis and assuming a round pipe 24 
ins. in diameter from 505 to 754 cubic 
feet of water would Gass over the wheel 
each minute, which Would give an ap¬ 
proximate theoretical horse power of from 
32 to 43. a greater quantity of water in¬ 
creasing the power and a smaller quan¬ 
tity lessening it. 
The most satisfactory method of meas¬ 
uring the discharge of wafer from a small 
stream is by means of a weir—a rectangu¬ 
lar opening of known size in the top edge 
of a temporary but tight dam. The depth 
of the water flowing over the notch is 
measured and the total quantity computed 
from weir tables which are gladly fur¬ 
nished by any water-wheel company. Sim¬ 
ple directions for constructing the weir 
may be obtained from the same source. 
B. II. S. 
Ram with Standpipe 
Noticing your illustration of a hydraulic 
ram in a recent issue, I thought my ex¬ 
perience with one might help someone 
else, as I have had one in use for the past 
IS years. It raises the water 05 ft. to a 
tank and has a fall of 7 ft. The ram is 
3. 1 /-* in. and has a 3.*4 in. drive pipe. The 
drive pipe gave out and had to be re¬ 
placed. Having on hand 1*4 in- pipe I 
was fearful it would not work, and de¬ 
cided to put in a standpipe of 114 hi., 36 
in. long, placing it close to the ram, as 
shown in the sketch, thinking it would 
keep the supply full. To my surprise, I 
find the ram pumps one-third more water 
than it did before, and does not use so 
much water as it did with the 114-in 
pipe; has a stronger stroke and runs more 
slowly. In starting the machine, or ram, 
the air wants to be let out of the stand¬ 
pipe. I have been using this about a 
month, with the 114-in. drive pipe, and it 
has given me much better satisfaction 
than before. s. H. K. 
Waynesville, N. C. 
I cannot see how the short standpipe 
mentioned (36 in.) is going, in any way, 
to increase the water pumped by the ram. 
If air should get into it so that it formed 
an air bell or cushion it might even stop 
the operation of the ram. 
Tlio ram works becau e of the hammer¬ 
like blow exerted by the column of water 
in the drive-pipe when its motion is sud¬ 
denly stopped by the quick closing of the 
impetus valve. This forces a small quan¬ 
tity of water through the valve in the 
base of the air bell into this chamber, and 
from here the water goes to the service 
pipe, the flow being kept up by the com¬ 
pressed air in the bell over the water. 
This air is compressed by the water 
forced in by the ramming strokes men¬ 
tioned. The action is comparable to driv¬ 
ing a nail with a hammer. The nail can¬ 
not be pushed in. but the energy released 
by the sudden stopping of the hammer 
after it has attained velocity during the 
pump in the kitchen? The well is about 
25 ft. deep. It is about 10 ft. from the 
well to the kitchen. mbs. j. u. ir. 
Pawling. N. Y. 
The pitcher, or cistern pump, because 
of its light construction and short handle, 
is adapted to short lifts, seldom exceeding 
35 ft., but it can be used to lift water to 
a greater height, the construction noted 
]— CAP 
May 17, 1919 
tight so that no air leaks will occur, and 
pipe of the same size, or larger, as the 
coupling at the base of the pump should 
be used for the line. The following bulle¬ 
tins might be of interest to you in this 
connection: “Domestic Water Supply on 
the Farm." Circular 66. Montana Agri¬ 
cultural Experiment Station. Bozeman, 
Mont. : this describes some very simple 
home installations; Farmer’s Bulletin 57, 
Department of Agriculture, Washington, 
D. C. R. H. s. 
IMPETUS 
valve: 
Arrangement of Ram with Standpipe 
blow puts the nail in bit by bit. I expect 
that the increased flow mentioned is due 
to some other cause and not to the stand¬ 
pipe mentioned. Standpipes are some¬ 
times used in connection with a ram. but 
are of a height suflicient to reach above 
the surface of the water and are left 
with an open top. R. H. s. 
A Water Problem 
Can I convey water from the sink-rOom 
to the kitchen with an ordinary kitchen 
above, however, making it work a little 
hard. If the vertical distance from the 
surface of the water in the well to the 
cylinder of the pump does not exceed 25 
ft. the pump may be used, perhaps work¬ 
ing a little hard and slowly, as explained. 
If there is no danger from freezing, a foot 
valve placed in the well will help some by 
keeping the pipe full of water and lessen¬ 
ing the load on the lower valve of the 
pump. If the pipe must be drained in 
cold weather, however, this cannot be 
used. The pipe joints should be made 
Painting Weather-worn Dwelling 
Twenty-five years ago T came to own a 
large wooden house which had been so 
long unpainted that it was a question 
whether it would not be better to put on 
new clapboards. By advice of an old 
painter l mixed whiting into kerosene 
oil as thick as ordinary paint, and put it 
on the old clapboards. The oil struck in, 
taking the whiting with it. Presently the 
kerosene evaporated, leaving the clap¬ 
boards full of whiting as hard as putty 
on old window frames. I used 120 lbs. 
whiting at tic per lb., and 25 gals, kero¬ 
sene at 10c per gal. That Summer the 
house received two coats of oil paint. 21 
gals. It did not flake or peel. Since 
then I have painted the house in the usual 
way when I could afford it. The whiting 
has never come out f the clapboards, and 
for all that the weather will do to them, 
they seem likely to last through my day. 
The clapboards were put on in 1832. 
Chester, Yt. c. H. 
A Milwaukee boy told his teacher that 
his sister had the measles. “You go right 
home. Johnny,” she said, "and don’t come 
back until your sister is well.” Johnny 
left in a hurry. After he was gone an¬ 
other little boy held up his hand and said : 
"Teacher, Johnny Dolan’s sister what has 
tin* measles lives in Philadelphia.”—Jour¬ 
nal of the American Medical Association* 
Tk 
37 
^53 
V 
You Can Control the Harvest 
W HILE you cannot altogether control the 
size and quality of your grain crop you can 
control the harvesting no matter what conditions pre¬ 
vail. It is always good business to waste no grain — 
this year it is especially good business. Grain will 
command exceedingly good prices in 1919. You can 
ill afford to lose any of your crop through inefficient 
harvesting methods. It is extremely important that 
your binder be equal to its task. 
For years you have been cheerfully complying with 
Government request to save materials by repairing 
your old machines rather than making replacements. 
Now that the need for this has passed, would it not be 
the part of real economy to buy a new machine and be 
assured of uninterrupted and maximum service at a time 
when a break-down would mean serious embarrassment 
and loss. 
Deering, McCormick and Milwaukee 
Harvesting Machines 
accomplish satisfactory results under all conditions. 
These widely-used machines save your crop when it is 
down, tangled or otherwise in bad shape. They have 
every attachment necessary to give you a clean, good, 
cheap and always dependable job. From the moment 
the keen knives cut the grain until the securely tied 
sheaves are deposited to be shocked, there is no loss. 
Everything works with ease and regularity from start to finish. 
There is no better time than now to see your local dealer about 
your binder, and to place vour order for Deering, International, 
Milwaukee or McCormick binder twine. 
Our organization being an essential industry has been speeded 
to top-notch efficiency. By anticipating your needs and ordering 
early, you make it easier for us to take back our soldier boys 
without disturbing our present organization. 
Deering, McCormick and Milwaukee binders give service 
always and get service always. The I H C dealer can take car6 of 
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The service you get is such as you might expect from an organiza¬ 
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* (Incorporated) 
CHICAGO V USA 
