908 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 31, 1919 
prices are likely to fluctuate more or less, 
according to the available supply, but I 
think the man who stays by will on the 
average make a good thing. There seems 
to be no probability of low grain prices 
for some time at least, and even at the 
present high prices of pork there would 
be little profit in hog-raising if one de¬ 
pended entirely on purchased feeds. Pas-' 
ture and forage crops and liome-grown 
grains are necessary for the economical 
production of pork. Mutton and wool 
prices,, present and prospective, would 
seem to make some profit possible from a 
flock of good sheep, well managed. With 
good pasture the expense of keeping sheep, 
both as to labor and grain, would bo con¬ 
siderably less than would be the case with 
cows. With a slight readjustment in 
crops and methods, the same farm and 
outfit which is adapted to dairying ought 
to make good returns with hogs and sheep. 
With the manure derived from home¬ 
grown crops and the purchased concen¬ 
trates the fertility of the land would be 
kept up or increased, and I can think of 
no combination where the labor factor 
would be smaller. If the correspondent 
is not familiar with sheep and hogs it 
might be well for him to make sure that 
he likes these animals before going in too 
deeply. CHESTER L. MILLS* 
Allegany Co., N. Y. 
Some Facts About Sheep 
I see no reason why a man who can 
make good money with cows and hens 
should change to sheep and hogs, as a 
moneymaking proposition. I have made 
the production of wool and mutton my 
chief business for 40 years, and the pro¬ 
fits for the past three years are away 
ahead of anything in my experience. I 
have also raised some hogs, and we have 
two cows and 75 hens. Some of my neigh¬ 
bors have cows and hens, and their in¬ 
come is larger than if they had sheep. I 
know many think that with sheep they 
can cut out much labor, and I know of 
no better way than to give my own ex¬ 
perience to show what it costs to keep 
sheep. We are keeping on a 150-acre 
farm, well drained and all tillable, eno\igh 
sheep to produce 2.000 pounds wool and 
7.000 pounds mutton. This requires the 
labor of one month hand and myself, to 
grow 10 to 15 acres of corn, 10 to 15 
acres of oats and cut 40 acres of hay to 
feed the sheep, two or three cows, and 
corn and oats to feed hens and $100 to 
$200 worth of pork; also three horses. 
We do not buy $100 worth of feed. The 
same feed would feed 20 to 25 cows. Both 
of us are busy practically every working 
day, and my wife has more to do than 
she ought at her age. Many men will 
get profits from cows where they would 
fail with sheep. Sheep will not thrive 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, MAY 31, 1919 
FARM TOPICS 
Plans for Direct Selling. 906 
Selling the Tenant’s Share of Rye. 906 
Bean Rust and Blight. 908 
Truck Crops After Rye. 909 
Potatoes After Rye. 909 
Poor Buckwheat Following Strawberries.... 909 
Plowing Under Green Rye...,. 909 
High Prices on Farms. 911 
The One-horse Farm. 911 
Depressions, Panics and Farmers. 912 
How I Helped My Husband to Make More 
Money . 912 
A Trip to Florida—Part II. 912 
Hope Farm Notes.;.. 914 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Seasonal Variations in Milk Composition— 
Part 1.905, 906 
Working Away from Cows.907, 908 
Lighting and Ventilating of Stables—Part 
IX. . . 906 
The Miik Situation. 917 
Campaign for Better Stock.920 
Feeding a Goat. 920 
Horse Breeding in the East. 920 
High Price Paid for a Guernsey.. 920 
Coming Live Stock Sales. 921 
Production and Reproduction—Part II.922 
Cows on Pasture Without Grain. 922 
Breeding Young Heifer. 922 
THE HENYARD 
“Bossing the Hen Roost". 912 
Egg-laying Contest ..' 924 
Too Much Beef Scrap; Young Breeders- 924 
Depraved Appetite in Chicks. 924 
Which Breed of Poultry?...*-.'. 924 
Change of Mating. 924 
A Few Poultry Questions. 925 
Leg Weakness . 925 
Curing the Chicken Cannibals. 925 
Clipping Wings of Chicks.*. 925 
HORTICULTURE 
“Blocking" Tomato Plants.. ... 909 
Setting MarshaU Strawberries. 909 
Fresh Manure for Melons and Cucumbers... 911 
Coal Ashes Around Trees... 911 
Dynamite for Tree Planting. 913 
Dahlia Culture . 915 
Fruit Notes from Missouri. 915 
Fighting the Squash Stinkbug. 915 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day. 
Seen in New York Shops. 
The Rural Patterns. 
Tennessee Notes . 
Cooking Wild Animals and 
Fish . 
The Spirit of the Home. 
Embroidery Designs .. 
Early Training of Children. 
Some Mocha Recipes.. 
Cup Cheese .. ■ • 
MISCELLANEOUS 
. 918 
. 918 
. 918 
.918 
Preserving 
.918, 919 
.919 
. 919 
. 919 
. 919 
. 919 
A Bunch of Comments. 
Up-State Farm Notes.. 
Countrywide Markets . 
Muskrats Wanted ..•. 
Cold-water Coils for Cooling Food. 
Utilizing Small Water-power.. 
Editorials ....... .............. 
The Postmastbr-General and the Rural 
Koutes ..'... 
Publisher’s Desk . 
908 
910 
910 
911 
913 
913 
916 
.917 
926 
on wet land, and the various foods must 
be secured in prime condition. They must 
be kept free of parasites and fed and 
watered regularly for six months of the 
year. We keep down the losses to less 
than five per cent on the average. The 
help question is acute here now, and I 
think perhaps we could cut the number 
of sheep down to 75 or ICO. which would 
cut the income to one-half and cut out 
the corn and oat crop; just pasture the 
sheep and mow enough hay to feed them. 
We would then sell the lambs in Autumn. 
Washington Co., N. Y. H. k. perry. 
A Bunch of Comments 
Applying Liquid Manure. —On page 
775 is a description of a method evolved 
by an Illinois man for applying liquid 
manure to his lawn. This brings to mind 
a method adopted by an orchardist with 
whom I am acquainted. lie has a cement 
manure shed in which the liquid collects 
in considerable quantities. lie has a box, 
perforated with small holes, which acts as 
a strainer. This is placed in the lowest 
part of the shed and the tubing of a pump 
is placed inside. Then the liquid is 
pumped into a large tank which is set 
upon a wagon. It is then drawn to the 
orchard and applied to the roots of the 
trees by means of a hose inserted in the 
bottom of the tank. The liquid flows out 
by gravity, and no nozzle is used, though 
the operator distributes it evenly by 
squeezing the end of the hose. The owner 
claims that this method is many times 
less expensive than to use absorbents in 
sufficient quantity to soak up the liquid, 
and, also, that he gets better results, and 
the appearance of his orchard certainly 
bears out the statement. 
Controlling Strawberry Weevil.— 
On page 770 is a statement made on the 
authority of the New Jersey Experiment 
Station to the effect that the strawberry 
beetle may be controlled, or, at least, 
driven to a neighbor’s field, by dusting 
the plants with a mixture of sulphur and 
arsenate of lead. Since the strawberry 
weevil feeds entirely upon the interior 
parts of the plant, it is difficult to see 
how an application of this nature could 
have any effect. Moreover, its activity 
and its thick shell make contact remedies 
useless. The adult insect appears about 
the time that the strawberry plants begin 
to bud, mates almost immediately, and the 
female soon deposits her eggs inside the 
bud and then dies, so that the adult insect 
is rarely in evidence more than a week or 
ten days. The eggs hatch within a few 
days and the little worms feed upon the 
inner parts of the buds and thus prevent 
their development. Eventually the buds 
drop to the ground. Mowing the vines 
immediately after the berries are picked, 
and burning them, has been suggested as 
a method of control, but the logical meth¬ 
od seems to be to fruit the beds but a 
single year, and to plow the ground as 
deeply as possible after the crop is taken. 
The insect has the habit of appearing 
locally, and often in severe infestations, 
and, after a few years, suddenly disap¬ 
pearing and as suddenly reappearing in 
another locality. Doubtless this habit is 
responsible for the misconception regard¬ 
ing the value of insecticides. 
Repelling Crows. —On page 777 is an 
inquiry regarding the best method of pre¬ 
venting crows from pulling corn. There 
are so many methods that give perfect re¬ 
sults that it ie difficult to tell which is the 
best. But if one wishes to try a method 
that will not only be successful, but will, 
at the same time, afford more fun than can 
be had at an old-fashioned circus, let him 
soak a couple of quarts of corn either in 
whisky or in a strong decoction of lobelia, 
scatter it between the rows and watch 
results. Immediately after eating the 
corn the crows will fly to an adjacent 
wood lot, and soon there will be a con¬ 
gregation of all the crows in the neigh¬ 
borhood, all excited, and all talking at 
once, and the excitement will.continue un¬ 
til the sick crows have recovered from the 
dope. After that, no crow will even fly 
over the cornfield. 
Eradic ing Witcii Grass. —On page 
779 is a brief discussion regarding the 
practicability of eradicating witch grass 
by smothering with other crops, and the 
statement is made that the grass cannot 
be completely eradicated by this method 
alone, but that it may be so checked in 
its growth that it will be an easy, matter 
to exterminate it by cultivation. I just 
want to say that the reverse is true. It 
can be completely smothered, and dent 
corn, sown broadcast, at the rate of two 
bushels to the acre, will do the trick. 
The ground should be heavily manured, 
plowed deeply, and the corn sowed imme¬ 
diately. It will afford a good crop of ex¬ 
cellent forage, though the cost of harvest¬ 
ing may be equal to the value of the fod¬ 
der. But it will kill the witch grass. 
And again I want to say, don’t plant a 
cultivated crop in that field until the 
witch grass is completely exterminated, 
for any ordinary cultivation will merely 
spread the weed, and, in a very few years, 
the field will be as badly infested a<s ever. 
Protecting Tender Shrubs. —On page 
785 K. K. asks for the best method of 
protecting tender shrubbery during the 
Winter, having especial reference to the 
non-hardy Hydrangea. The method de¬ 
scribed of packing in straw and sewing 
in a burlap blanket is very good, but a 
much better method is to make light boxes 
of the required size and substitute them 
for the burlap. These, if made in a 
pyramidal form, and painted a bright 
green t lor, will present an attractive ap¬ 
pearance on the lawn, and, if made in 
sections, may be taken apart for Summer 
storage. 
Bridge-grafting. —On the same page, 
also, is an inquiry regarding the practic¬ 
ability of bridge-grafting trees of eight 
inches or more in diameter, which have 
been girdled by rodents. Theoretically it 
is an easy matter to do successful work 
at bridge-grafting. Practically, possibly 
one tree in 20 is in a fit condition to re¬ 
spond to the operation. In many in¬ 
stances I haVe been successful, and in 
many more I have made utter failures. 
If the trunk is of such a shape that a 
good fitting can be made, and the work 
can be done with dormant scions,, and be¬ 
fore the exposed wood has become dry, 
there is little difficulty in making a suc¬ 
cessful union. But these conditions are 
seldom present, and the difficulty increases 
with the variations from these conditions. 
In the case of trees of the above size, 
however, it is only in rare instances that 
the cambium is eaten through, or, at 
least, is wholly removed. In such cases 
trees will usually recover if the wound 
is well covered with grafting wax and 
wapped with cloth to prevent removal of 
the wax by melting. Banking with earth 
to prevent the drying of the exposed cam¬ 
bium is also helpful, and will be success¬ 
ful if the trees are not too badly dam¬ 
aged. 
Control of Warbles.— On page 805 
is an inquiry regarding the warbles or 
grubs often found in the backs of cattle 
in early Spring. These are the larva' 
of a large tty, which, according to the 
scientists, deposits its eggs upon the fore 
legs of the cattle during the Summer. The 
cattle lick the eggs off and swallow them. 
They hatch in the stomach, and in some 
way the worms while small find their way 
to the backs of the cattle, where they re¬ 
main until the following Spring, increas¬ 
ing in size until they are three-quarters of 
an inch in length and as large as a lead 
pencil. Meantime they produce slightly 
festering sores, and when mature they 
are forced out, fall to the ground, where 
they complete their transformation and 
emerge in a few weeks as full-grown flies 
ready to begin their work of annoyance. 
I was never able fully to credit this yarn ; 
nevertheless an instance came under my 
observation a few years ago which seems 
to support the theory, and also to sug¬ 
gest a method of prevention. A herd was 
very badly infested, sometimes as many 
as 100 of the grubs appearing on one 
cow’s back. Needing more pasture, the 
owner bought an adjoining pasture and 
connected it with the original pasture. 
To reach this second pasture the cattle 
were forced to ford a small stream and 
then wade for several rods through a 
soft, sticky mud, which came well up on 
their sides. Thus they became well plas¬ 
tered with th,e mud, much of which re¬ 
mained during the day, and was washed 
off when they forded the stream on their 
return at night. The result was a com¬ 
plete immunity for these cattle, while the 
cows in a pasture adjoining on another 
6ide were mpre seriously attacked than 
ever before. After a few years the own¬ 
er disposed of the second pasture and the 
warbles returned. c. o. ormsbee. 
Bean Rust and Blight 
Give directions for treating seed field 
beans against rust, weevil, etc. F. H. w. 
New York. 
The amateur bean grower is quite often 
of the opinion that rust and blight are the 
same. While either of these fungus dis¬ 
eases is sure to cut down the yield, the 
blight is most disastrous to the crop, for 
when this spreads over the field all growth 
or development is permanently checked. 
With the rust, growth and development 
continues, and a crop results, although 
somewhat reduced. Rust on the bean 
plant is different from the rust that at¬ 
tacks raspberry canes. Bean rust when 
at its worst covers both leaves and pods 
with reddish spots or blotches, and often 
this will color through the pod and leave 
a brown spot on the bean. This is often 
mistaken for anthracnose, but this latter 
disease causes a much darker spot on the 
bean than results from the rust. Rust is 
the first disease that we had to contend 
with in field bean culture, : nd experiments 
have not resulted in providing a remedy. 
All we can do is to use preventives. 
Where the bean haulm or bean straw, as 
it is sometimes called, is fed out in the 
Winter to the stock, and the manure ap¬ 
plied to a field that is to be planted to 
beans, the crop is sure to be affected if 
we have the .sort of weather that allows 
of its development. If the beans were 
planted the third or fourth crop after the 
manure was applied there would be little 
danger of infection. While I do not be¬ 
lieve that the disease is carried in the 
soil to any great extent at least, I should 
j.lways secure seed from a crop that was 
free from not only rust but the other and 
more damaging diseases. If there is a 
treatment that won' I check the disease 
on the plant it could not be applied in 
field culture. I know of no treatment of 
the seed that is used for the purp-se re¬ 
ferred to in the inquiry. 
As to the weevil, the beans are to be 
placed in a tight receptacle and three 
ounces of bisulphide of carbon is placed 
in a lish on the top of the five bushels to 
be treated. This is all covered tightly 
for 48 hours. This is not a job for a 
smoker to undertake, ns the resulting ex¬ 
plosion would surely put the operator out 
of business. T have seen beans from far¬ 
ther south that were weevil infested, but 
have never seen them in Western New 
York. H. E. c. 
I Tested and Trusted Cver a Century 
* Bolgiano’s “Gold” Brand ; 
ICLOVER SEED! 
> Red Clover, Sapling Clover, Alsyke, Alfalfa, 
E Crimson Clover, White Clover,Clover and Grass < 
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» Kentucky Blue Grass, Red Top, Dwarf Essex < 
> Rape, Spring Vetches, Winter Vetches, Millets, < 
> Sudan Grass, Rye Grass, Permanent Pasturage, 
> Seed Corn, Cow Peas, Soy Beans, Field Peas, 
> Seed Grains, Milo Maize, Sorghums, Seed Po- 
> tatoes. Seed Oats, Onion Sets, Etc. 
| Bolgiane’s “Gold” Brand Seeds * 
l are Carefully Selected, Re~cleaned 
> of Highest Purity and Germination 
BOLGIANO’S ‘GOLD* GUARANTEE 
Anyone who purchases Bolgiano’s “Gold” 
Brand Seeds and upon examination finds 
them in any respect unsatisfactory can 
immediately return them and money 
that has been paid for same will be re¬ 
refunded. We will also pay the freight 
both ways. 
Catalog and Samples Mailed to Your 
Address—FREE 
Name Varieties in which You are Inter- , 
ested. We will pay freight if you mention < 
this Paper. < 
Bolgiano’s Seed Store J 
Address Dept. 140 BALTIMORE, MD 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
CAULIFLOWER. CABBAGE. TOMATO. PEPPER. EGG, BRUS¬ 
SELS SPROUTS, BEET, CELERY. KALE. LETTUCE, SWEET 
POTATO. ONION. PARELEY. SAGE, LEEK. ASPARAGUS. 
RHUBARB. HORSERADISH. ASTER. SALVIA PLANTS. 
B K It It V P I. ANTS 
RTRAlYRF.ltRY, lURI'llFHRY. TU.ACKBK.ItRY, (JOOSF.HF.RHY, 
CURRANT, (JRAPK IM.AM'S, FRUIT AND ORNAMKNTAI.TREFR, 
SIIUCIIS. Catalogue free. HARRY L SQUIRES, Botd Ground, N.T. 
Tomato and Cabbage Plants 
Hardy Held grown, ready for transplanting. Varieties: 
Karliana.ystoiie ami Globe tomatoes ami Flatdutch ami 
Sorehead Cabbage, price try parcel post, prepaid, 1 Go for 
40 rents; 500, #1.75; l.OOO, QiU.OO. By express col¬ 
lect *1.50 per 1,000 ; 5,000, 8(1.25. Address 
W. L. BEARDIN PLANT FARM TIFTON, GA. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
We have ton of the best kinds selected out of a hun¬ 
dred—Early, Midseasmi and Late. A Iso CABBAGE. CEL¬ 
ERY. TOMATO. PEPPER. SWEET POTATO PLANTS in season. 
Send for our 1919 price list. Caleb & Soil. 
ROMANCE SEED AND PLANT FARM, Cheswold, Delaware 
TRANSPLANTED BERRY PLANTS 
Heady in May, .Tune and July. All lending Varieties. The 
New Everbeaiinpr strawberries “ Neverf&Jl,*' indorsed by 
M. Crawford. The New Everbearing? raspberry, ‘"Ersklne 
Park,” “ The New “ Honey Sweet M Black Cap raspberry 
and hundreds of other varieties. Write for Catalogrue. Ad¬ 
dress 1*. J. Farmer, "The Strawberry Man," Pulnnkl, N. V. 
H 
JLJL 
ARRISONS* NURSERIE 
P ruit Trees Budded from Bearirur Orchards. 
each, apple, pear, plum, cherry, quince, 
srrape-vince, strawberry plants, raspberries, 
blackberries, everaroens and shade trees. 
Catalog free. box X4 Berlin, Md. 
1C Beautiful ASSORTED DAHLIA ROOT* for 
lu Si, postpaid. Kawson, lx>indak\ Ferdinand Olivet, 
C'andeur, Doazon, and others. SKT-LOU FARM, Midland Park, N. J. 
3-yr. Asparagus Roots 
$1.50 hundred. $n thousand. 2-vr. roots, $1.15 hundred; 
$0.25 thousand. II A HUT L. SQLIKKS, GOOD GROUND, N. Y. 
Late Cabbage Plants b&t&ZhZd aw‘£5 
Savoy (o' 98c. per 1.000 ; 39 for 10,00*: S86 fi r 100.000. 
l lanis Heavy June 10 tv Aug. 10. S. A. YlKItl.N, llurtly, 11*1. 
Tomato Plants STON K * TlicS, * iK,nr< 1 < : annin K vtt, : i, ‘'.Y'. 
»Me per 
lteady Juno 0 to i!5. 8. A. V 
1000. Circular free. I’lamo 
lilllN, llurtly, Ilelunure 
Cabbage and Celery Plants ARUM f A II, y> itllnniKOn, X. Y. 
St. Regis Raspberry Plants 
Shipped prepaid. HARRY L. SQUIRES, Good Ground, N. Y. 
Sweet Potato Plants tt) *-porioo postpaid. cabbage, 
Catalogue free. 51. 5i. 
Toniato anil l’epper plants. 
HO KUO, Vine land, 51. J. 
I P* WW/./V* 0! n 200,000. Parcel post. Danish 
Latebaboage r lants Ban mud, Fiatimtch. 100— 46 c.; 
500—»1. 60 ; 1,000—#2.76. rnulillow er, 100—70e. Every 
plant a good one. W. J. 11YKK3. K. 2, Massillon, Ohio 
SweetPotato and Cabbage Plants Vo*' i‘')'i.c°^ 
20c. perdu/-, postpaid. Celery riant* in season. Price 
list tree. H'. K FO If D A NON, llurtly, Reluwurc 
SWEET POTATO Plants $8.«& thousand, express. 
HARRY L SQUIRES - Good Ground, N. Y 
Practical 
Live Stock Books | 
. ... | 
FOR SALE BY RURAL NEW-YORKER 
FEEDS AND FEEDING— 
Henry . 
$2.50 
MANUAL OF MILK PRO¬ 
DUCTS— Stocking 
2.00 
DISEASES OF ANIMALS— 
Mayo . 
1.75 
PRODUCTIVE SWINE 
HUSBANDRY— Day . 
1.75 
BREEDING OF FARM ANI¬ 
MALS— Harper . 
1.50 
CHEESE MAKING — Van 
Slyke . 
1.75 
BUTTER MAKING— Puhlow 
.60 
MILK TESTING — Publow 
and T roy . 
.60 
