946 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
June 7. 1919 
Now is the best 
time to buy a 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
T HESE are the days when the 
farmer is getting: the most milk, and 
with butterfat at its present high price 
he should be sure to get all the cream. 
Many “claims” are made for various 
cream separators, but the most con¬ 
vincing proof that the De Laval is the 
cleanest skimming machine is the fact 
that 98 % of the large creameries the 
world over use the De Laval. 
Even if you do not separate as much 
cream as the large creameryman, 
you can no more afford to waste 
cream than he can. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
165 Broadway 29 East Madison Street 61 Beale Street 
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. M inkier 
Feeding Grain with Pasture 
Will you give me a balanced grain ra¬ 
tion for m.v cows, which are just freshen¬ 
ing? 1 am feeding nearly -all clover hay 
with a very little Timothy mixed in. I 
also wish a ration for cows on grass. 
Should the same rule. 1 lb. grain to 
lbs. of milk, be used when cows are on 
grass? c. c. H. 
It is not necessary to feed as much 
grain when the cows are running on good 
pasture as it is when they are stabled 
and caved for during the Winter months. 
There is a difference of opinion as to 
whether any grain at all is necessary for 
cows in good condition while on luxuriant 
pastures during May and .Tune, especially 
for average producers that are nob being 
maintained for record purposes. If I fed 
any grain at all on good pasture I would 
feed nothing but cornmeal and cottonseed 
meal and the mixture would be S5 lbs. of 
cornmeal and 15 lbs. of cottonseed. You 
mention only clover hay in inquiry, and 
I am assuming that all of the other feeds 
must be purchased. At the present prices 
you will find the following ration quite as 
economical as any that can be advised: 
500 lbs. of hominy, 200 lbs. of barley feed. 
200 lbs. of gluten. 200 lbs. of buckwheat 
middlings, and 100 lbs. of oilmeal or cot¬ 
tonseed meal. Give all the clover hay 
that they will eat once or twice daily, 
which will be between 10 and 15 lbs.; 
then give them 1 lb. of the above grain 
mixture for each 3^4 or 4 lbs. of milk 
produced. If you have oats on the farm 
that could he ground and fed, 200 lbs. 
would be safely added to the mixture, and 
it would increase the palatability and 
make the ration more satisfactory. 
Raising Calves Without Milk 
I have five calves which T wish to raise ; 
have used calf meals with prior results. 
One calf is about 10 weeks old. tin* other 
four from three to five weeks. Would 
you give a ration without milk for them? 
New Hampshire. E. o. f. 
You should have no difficulty in raising 
the calves in question, provided that they 
have not been stunted, and in case they 
have not been afflicted with scours, such 
as often limits the usefulness of calves 
when they are very young. A grain ra¬ 
tion consisting of equal parts of hominy, 
wheat middlings, oilmeal and oatmeal, 
with 10 per cent of bloodmeal added, 
could be used to advantage. Flaxseed 
would be more desirable than the oilmeal. 
yet it is more expensive and not usually 
available. 
It is important that calves he taught, 
to eat clover or Alfalfa hay leaves as 
early as possible, for the leafy portion of 
such plants contains a generous amount 
of ash and mineral matter, which is very 
essential in the development of bone and 
muscle. If the calves in question are 
given clean quarters, and are fed such 
amounts of this mixture as they will clean 
lip with relish, you will find that they 
will grow and gain. Too much milk 
often limits the growth that calves.can 
make, and after they are once started 
with new milk, and provided that they 
take kindly to their grain ration and 
roughage, it is a comparatively easy task 
to grow them, provided sanitary condi¬ 
tions prevail. 
There are many calf meals that have 
been put upon the market to replace milk 
in a ration for calves. Very good results 
have accompanied their use. The Indi¬ 
ana station reports excellent results from 
home-mixed calf meal, consisting of equal 
parts of hominy meal, linseed meal, red 
dog flour and bloodmeal. No doubt the 
addition of ground oats would improve 
this mixture. The use of skim-milk 
is hot generally recommended. . If you 
will give the suggested ration a trial I am 
sure that your results will not be disap¬ 
pointing. _ 
Cob Meal for Cows 
I have an old grist mill on the farm in 
the vicinity of Philadelphia which does 
a considerable business in grinding cob- 
meal for the local farmers. 1 have also 
on the adjoining estate a herd of 15 pure¬ 
bred Jerseys, which have just successfully 
passed the tuberculin test. These cat¬ 
tle are now almost entirely on pasture, 
which is rich and abundant at this time 
of the year. In previous years they have 
been pastured entirely, but this does not 
seem sufficient to maintain the milk pro¬ 
duction. We have an abundance of cob- 
meal which could be used as a basis for 
a maintenance feed, but the question 
arises whether this ground cob is suitable 
at all for food purposes or whether it 
takes the place pf bran as roughage. If 
in your opinion the cobmeal is a suitable 
basis, with what other ingredients would 
you compound as a suitable milk-produc¬ 
ing food? 1 also note considerable com¬ 
ment regarding the use of crushed outs for 
feeding purposes. 1 would like to know 
if this could be produced by crushing the 
oats between the old-fashioned burr stones 
in a water mill, or whether a special roller 
machinery would have t>* be installed to 
aecomplish the result desired, w. u. r. 
Pennsylvania. 
You will find it advantageous to sup¬ 
plement your pasture grass with a grain 
ration during the Summer season, and in 
this connection there is nothing more de¬ 
sirable than corn and cob meal, supple¬ 
mented with 25 or 5<> per cent of gluten. 
Invariably pastures are short during July 
and August, the flies are very annoying, 
and cows do not eat their capacity if they 
are required to rely entirely upon forage 
for their sustenance. It is the exception 
if the cows do not lose flesh during the 
Summer mouths, and it takes very gen¬ 
erous feeding in the Fall to get them in 
condition, so that their flow of milk will 
be normal and satisfactory. Consequent¬ 
ly I would never eliminate the grain ra¬ 
tion during any season of the year, in¬ 
creased production as well as improved 
condition among the animals would more 
than justify the expense involved. If you 
could sell or grind the corn and feed the 
shelled or ground corn it would he bet¬ 
ter than to utilize the corn and cob meal. 
There is very little, if any. nutriment in 
ground cobs, and with anything so bulky 
and succulent as grass there is no necess¬ 
ity for compelling a cow to eat any ma¬ 
terial that does not contain digestible nu¬ 
trients. I am a firm believer in the use 
of ground oats. They add safety to any 
ration, and at the present time, based 
upon the market values, oats are far more 
economical than corn. If you have corn 
it would not be advisable to purchase oats, 
for the labor involved in the transfer 
would make up the difference in cost. 
Theoretically, pasture grass containing a 
considerable amount of clover, constitutes 
a balanced ration for any class of live 
stock. However, with dairy cows that 
are producing abundantly, there is much 
to be gained by supplementing this pas¬ 
ture with a ration as I have suggested. 
What I have said would apply equally 
as well to dry cows as to milking stock. 
Mixture for Swine Feeding 
A local miller who desires to market a 
ready growing ration for pigs and shotes 
has asked mv opinion of the following 
mixture: 
200 lbs. 40 per cent digester tankage 
600lbs.cornmeal (made from chits sifted 
out of cracked corn) 
400 lbs. rye middlings 
200 lbs. low grade Hour (own make, bet¬ 
ter than ordinary quality) 
200 lbs. middlings (own make, better than 
ordinary quality) 
100 lbs. oilmeal 
100 lbs. barley meal 
100 lbs. cocoa nut meal 
100 lbs. gluten. 
It struck me that the gluten meal, the 
cocoa nut meal and probably the oilmeal, 
if 200 lbs. of tankage is to he used, 
should be eliminated and ground oats sub¬ 
stituted. On the basis of present, market 
values, I thought also that the barley 
meal portion might well be increased, dis¬ 
placing some of the meal and rye mid¬ 
dlings. __ a. a. g. 
New York. 
The proposed ration for market pigs is' 
faulty in two or three respects. In the 
first place, neither gluten nor eocoanut 
meal are adapted for use in a ration for 
pigs, inasmuch as they are not palatable, 
and the eocoanut meal especially easily 
becomes rancid and actually limits the 
amount of the ration that the pigs would 
consume. I know it is customary to use 
the low grades of flour in rations for pigs, 
but here again the privilege is often 
abused, and many times millers include 
sweepings of residue materials that are 
coarse and dirty, and consequently they 
add weight but very little nutriment to 
the ration. The use of 40 per cent diges¬ 
ter tankage is also to be deprecated. 
While it is true tlm ration includes some 
oilmeal and no doubt carries enough pro¬ 
tein. nevertheless I am inclined to be¬ 
lieve that very few millers would add the 
stipulated* amount of a concentrated by¬ 
product that costs as much as $125 a 
ton. I would eliminate both the oilmeal 
and the low-grade digester tankage, like¬ 
wise the eocoanut meal and the gluten, 
and. as you suggest, the ground oats 
would best be substituted for the eocoanut 
meal and gluten. The chances are that 
rye middlings would be nothing hut rye 
bran. Rye bran is too coarse and bulky 
for swine feeding, yet rye middlings are 
very well suited for such a purpose. So 
far as barley meal is concerned, there 
Would be many advantages in increasing 
tliis material to say 400 lbs. We are 
appreciating more and more the feeding 
value of barley, and the further fact that 
it can be grown under Eastern conditions 
to advantage shows. I am sure, that in 
the Fast we should grow more oats and 
barley. In certain sections of the corn 
belt the same advice ought to be accept¬ 
able. for there is a tendency among cer¬ 
tain of the farmers to grow unbalanced 
crops, using corn rather than the small 
grains. Otherwise the ration ought to 
work out very well. 
