958 
•P* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
June 14, 1919 
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Easy terms. HARRY VAIL, New Milford. Orange Co., N. Y. 
a , MAKKA DOMaARAN IIOCK. SELL XENDET8 
agents 11 patent patch for instantly mending leaks 
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A Comparison of Costs 
Budding Roses 
The subject of rose propagation is in¬ 
teresting to many amateur gardeners, as 
well as professionals, and the following 
instructions, reproduced, with the accom¬ 
panying picture, from the Canadian Flor¬ 
ist, make the matter very clear. Pictures 
and instructions were given by T. Shew- 
ard of Vancouver Island, British Colum¬ 
bia : 
The best time to bud roses is July and 
August. There are several kinds of stock, 
but the Manetti stock is most generally 
used. This is imported from Europe in 
the form of year-old plants; these are 
planted in nursery rows and budded the 
following season. Other stocks suitable 
for budding are the De la Grifferaie, Rosa 
rugosa and Iiosa AN atsoniana, a Japanese 
species. 
shoot (Fig. 2). Next make a cross cut 
through the bark about a half inch long, 
and another one inch long from this (see 
Fig. 4). Gently raise the bark at thd 
cross cut with the budding knife (Fig. 
5), arid insert the bud (Fig. 6 and Fig. 
2) ; pushing it down with the leaf stalk 
/ TJ.‘ ™ "7 \ 4tt 5 1 4" 1' m 1 TT fVltll 
(Fig. 7), afterwards tying it firmly with 
raffia (Figs. 3 and 8). 
The stock shown at Fig. 1 should have 
two buds inserted. If there are three or 
more suitable shoots these should be bud¬ 
ded. too. Iii about three or four weeks 
examine the buds and if they have 
“struck” or taken they will look plump 
and green (Fig. 9). 
If so. loosen the raffia, and in a few 
weeks cut with the budding knife, passing 
it over the raffia, ou the opposite side 
to the bud, leaving it to fall away. If 
the raffia is tied too tight and allowed to 
stay too long it will kill the bud. The 
buri should remain dormant until Spring. 
When pruning in November cut the 
^ A n B kl H 
Cutting 
TSTEWARD 
A graphic picture of the 
high cost of doing business is 
shown by the rise in a long list 
of commodity prices during the 
past five strenuous years. 
By the exercise of unparal¬ 
leled economies, telephone 
rates have been kept almost 
unchanged. 
The fact is, the increase in 
the cost of commodities has 
resulted in what is equal to a 
decrease in telephone rates. In 
other words: The dollar which 
was spent for the telephone 
has bought more than twice 
as much as the dollar spent 
for the commodity. 
The activities of reconstruc¬ 
tion which are now upon the 
nation have put a great burden 
upon the telephone. This con¬ 
dition has made necessary an 
advance in telephone rates. 
This advance does not ex¬ 
ceed an average of eight per¬ 
cent; almost negligible as com¬ 
pared with the advances in 
other lines of industry, yet 
enough to cover the increase 
in the cost of operation. 
Only through adequate rev¬ 
enue can there be assured the 
maintenance of a high stand¬ 
ard of telephone service. 
Hardwood cuttings of .strong growing 
kinds can be taken when pruning in the 
Fall and heeled in till rooted-. They are 
then transplanted into rows. These will 
be ready for budding the following year. 
Seed of the wild rose is sometimes sown 
and the seedliugs used as stock when 
strong enough to handle. 
Bush roses are budded low down, half 
standards two feet high, standards four 
feet, and if the tall weeping standards 
are needed, six feet to 10 feet is about 
right. 
In budding ordinary standards the stock 
is grown four feet high aud then topped. 
All the side buds are rubbed out with the 
exception of two or three at the top ac¬ 
cording to the strength of the stock. In 
the accompanying diagram Fig. 1 shows 
young wood about the size of a pencil, 
which is the right size for budding. 
In taking the buds use a shoot that has 
borne flowers, selecting plump buds that 
show no signs of growing. Trim the 
leaves off, leaving about one inch of leaf 
stalk. This is used to hold the bud. 
Slice off the bud, beginning «a half inch 
above and finishing a half inch below the 
bud (Fig. 11). Next remove the small 
piece from behind the bud with the bud¬ 
ding knife as shown in “A” aud "B” iu 
the illustration. 
To begin work ou the stock cut away 
the thorns where the bud is to be inserted, 
about two inches from the base of the 
American Telephone and Telegraph Company 
" And Associated Companies 
One Policy 
. One System 
Universal Service 
shoot away three inches above the bud. 
When the bud starts growing in the 
Spring cut back close, as illustrated in 
Fig. 10. The following season cut back 
to two buds when pruning (Fig. 12). 
Pruning Currants 
NVdll you tell me how to care for my 
currant bushes, when and how to trim 
them ? J. N. W. 
Cincinnati, O. 
Pruning of this fruit consists mainly of 
cutting out weakened old stalks or super¬ 
fluous new shoots. The life of a currant 
shoot is usually about three years, when 
it will either (lie or become so weakened 
that it should be removed and be replaced 
by new growth. However, too many old 
stalks should not be cut out in one year; 
the eliminating should be done gradually 
and in a manner that there would be suffi¬ 
cient old wood to produce a good crop, 
for it is upon the old wood the crop is 
borne, and when pruning this point must 
not be lost sight of. All growth may be 
cut back to make the growth more sturdy 
and the bushes more compact, and the 
plant better balanced. Three or four 
good strong bearing shoots from the root 
are sufficient, and after the plant comes 
into full bearing it should be planned to 
renew one or two of them each year with 
new bearing shoots. Too much top pro¬ 
duces small fruit. Therefore thin out 
weak and superfluous shoots and all dead 
wood every Spring. Promptly burn all 
trimmings to destroy insects or the eggs 
of such that may be on or about, them. 
Currants should be well fertilized an¬ 
nually with old, well-rotted stable manure 
or bonemeal worked iu arouud the roots. 
Apply early in Spring. Starved plants 
cannot thrive nor produce good fruit. K. 
