The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1 115 
Three-horse Equalizer 
Would you give a plan for making a 
treble tree in order to use three horses in 
a binder? It seems in all the plans I 
have seen that the tongue o,f the binder is 
in the way of the second horse. Is there 
any way of overcoming this? L. G. z. 
Grafton, W. Va. 
The difficulty that you speak of is a 
very common one, and the ordinary ar¬ 
rangement is to attach the tliree-horse 
evener to an offset on the pole, which 
makes the tongue of the implement more 
centrally located, but still not entirely 
removing the trouble. If an attempt is 
made to make this offset too great it re¬ 
sults in side draft, which may be as bad 
as. or worse than the crowding caused 
by the position of the pole. On hot, 
heavy work like grain binding, the team 
should be given every consideration pos¬ 
sible. 
Eveners arranged as in the sketch may 
be of help to you. As shown, the set is 
rigged for a left-hand binder, and in local¬ 
ities where the right-hand binder is used 
the position should be reversed. The 
pieces “A” and “B” are each 30 in. long 
from center to center of*end holes. The 
large end of “A” is bolted to the center 
of “B” by a single bolt, so that it is free 
to swing,' and “B” is bolted to the pole 
in the same manner. Nine inches, or one- 
fourth of its length from the point of its 
attachment to “B,” “A" is attached to 
THREf H0R5E 
EQUALIZER 
Size of Pulley 
I have a five-horsepower gasoline en¬ 
gine. The regular speed is 375 r.p.m. I 
made it go 500 r.p.m. I have a saw 
table with a 30-in. saw, and the pulley 
on the mandrel is 4 in. in diameter. I 
have also a silage blower which is sup¬ 
posed to go 000 to 800 r. p.m. The pulley 
on the silage blower is 10 in. in diam¬ 
eter. What size pulley is necessary to 
supply the regular speed needed for the 
saw table and silage blower? At pr.esent 
I have a 20-in. pulley on my engine and 
I was told that it is too big for my work. 
Monticello, N. Y. R. c. 
A- arranged, your engine would drive 
/our silage cutter at 1,000 r.p.m. and 
the saw at 2.500 r.p.m.. both of which 
speeds are excessive. Two courses are 
open to you ; the speed of the engine may 
l>e reduced or the engine belt pulley may 
be changed to one of smaller diameter. 
In addition to this it will probably be 
necessary to change tin 1 pulley on the saw 
mandrel to one of larger size, and this it 
is desirable to do for a number of rea¬ 
sons. The pulley as it now stands is too 
small. The belt, unless drawn up ex¬ 
cessively tight, does not get grip enough 
upon it to drive a 20-in. saw without 
slipping, and this tight running, together 
with the slipping and the fact that it 
must be bent so sharply in going around 
so small a pulley, soon destroys a belt. 
The first plan, that of reducing the en¬ 
gine speed, I would consider the best. 
Every farm engine put out by a manu¬ 
facturer is designed to run at a certain 
speed, and while its power may be in¬ 
creased somewhat by increasing this 
speed, it is seldom done so economically. 
An increase of speed much in excess of 
that at which the engine is rated destroys 
its balance, overloads its bearings and 
materially shortens its useful and econom¬ 
ical life. If the engine were readjusted 
to run at its rated speed of 375 r.p.m. it 
would drive the silage cutter with its 10- 
in. pulley at 750 r.p.m., which would be 
within the limit set for it. The, saw 
pulley could either be replaced by one 7*4 
in. in diameter or built up to this size". 
This would give a better belt grip, and for 
the- other reasons outlined would be de¬ 
sirable. With a 30-in. saw this would 
give a rim speed of about 7,500 ft. per 
minute. 
As an alternative the speed of the en¬ 
gine might be left unchanged, substituting 
a 14-in. belt pulley for the present one of 
20 in. This arrangement would drive the 
silage cutter at 700 r.p.m.. and by plac¬ 
ing a 7-in. pulley on the saw this would 
be driven at 1,000 r. p.m.. the same as in 
the other case. It is understood that both 
the saw rig and the silage cutter are 
portable and will be moved about from 
place to place, otherwise a countershaft 
could be arranged to drive them at the 
required speeds. r. h. S. 
Diagram of Three-horse Evener 
the pole of the binder by the use of a Va¬ 
in. rod and staple as shown. The eveners 
are held in their proper position by a 
strap of iron passing over them, and bolt¬ 
ed to the pole at each end. This serves as 
a guide. An ordinary two-horse evener, 
32 to 36 in. long, is used on the small end 
of “B,” while a singletree is all that is 
needed at “A.” 
The lengths as given need not necessar¬ 
ily be used, but longer or shorter eveners 
used as the work seems to require, simply 
keeping the proportions the same. That 
is, “A” and “B” should be the same 
length ; “A” should be attached to “B" at 
the middle point of “B.” and should be 
attached to the pole by menus of the iron 
rod at one-fourth of its length distant 
from the point of its attachment to “B.” 
The members of the set should be bolted 
or riveted at the ends as indicated to pre¬ 
vent splitting. The lower part of the 
sketch shows the position taken by the 
set when one horse gets ahead of the 
others, and shows the construction a little 
more clearly than is possible to do in the 
upper part, where “A” is directly over 
“B." R. it. s. 
Raising Water to House 
On a farm that I own a stream of pure 
water runs 100 yards from the house and 
200 yards from the barn. The house and 
barn are about 10 ft. above the stream 
level. What, in your opinion, would be 
the most economical and most satisfac¬ 
tory way of providing a water supply for 
the house and barn? c. L. D. 
Elmira, N. Y. 
Judging from the facts submitted I 
would say that probably a ram properly 
installed at the stream would be the best 
method of getting water to the buildings 
It could be arranged to pump water to 
a small attic tank in the house, and the 
overflow piped to the barn, the surplus 
from the barn being allowed to escape 
and the ram left working coutinuouslv. 
In this way fresh water would always bt 
assured for drinking purposes at the 
house. If more pressure is needed than 
could be secured in this way the ram 
could be arranged to charge a pressure 
tank or an elevated storage tank could 
be used, either method giving the pres 
sure desired. If the stream furnishes 
water enough and has suffieient fall, a 
water wheel could be put in. which, in 
addition to pumping the water, would 
light the buildings as well. r. h. s. 
Centrifugal Force and Wheels 
Which way does a car lean in going 
around a turn? On which wheels does 
the weight of the car lean in going around 
a turn? If a wheel breaks in going 
around a turn, which wheel would break 
first, an inside wheel or an outside wheel? 
Which way does the car swav? n. R. 
Phillipsport, N. Y. 
Newton stated a long time ago that 
“every body continues in its state of rest 
or of uniform motion in a straight line 
unless compelled to change that state In 
an external force.” Although automo¬ 
biles were not known in Newton’s time, 
they are no exception to this rule. In 
going around a corner two forces act upon 
the car—its momentum or the engine 
power, or both together, tending to drive 
it forward in a straight line, while at the 
same time the force exerted by the action 
of the steering wheel is tending to change 
its direction. As the forward wheels are 
turned by the steering wheel they engage 
the ground at an angle to the line of mo¬ 
tion. and the car is guided around a curve 
more or less sharp, depending upon the de¬ 
gree to which the steering wheel is turned 
At .the same time, though, the whole car 
is striving to continue straight ahead in 
obedience to Newton’s law. and the result 
is an overturning force tending to turn 
the car over to the outside of the curve. 
The same force makes drops of water flv 
from the grindstone or mud from the re¬ 
volving wagon wheel, and uo one ever 
saw it. fly toward the center in either 
case. It is called centrifugal force, and 
is really due to the resistance offered by 
a moving body to having its direction 
changed. Its effect is increased bv speed, 
and in the case of a car, if the turn is 
taken rapidly enough, it will “skid” or 
slide on the road toward the outside of 
the curve and possibly overturn, the over¬ 
turning being toward the outside and over 
the outside wheels as a hinge or fulcrum. 
Roadways and railroads seek to minimize 
the effect of this force by puttiug the out¬ 
side rail or road surface higher than the 
inner. As stated, if overturning takes 
place it will be upon the two outer wheels 
ns a fulcrum, and the greatest weight 
will naturally fall upon them, although in 
the case of an auto the springs under 
neath the body equalize the load some 
what, 't his effect can be noted in an 
vehicle driven rapidly around a corner 
the tendency being to fly outward from 
the center, the vehicle never tipping uo 
on the inner two wheels. A little obser 
ration will prove this true. r. ii. s 
^ ks, my brother was slightly wounded 
in France. We had a letter from the iv<*- 
imwital surgeon." “Where was he wound 
ed? “We were not quite sure. Tin 
surgeon mentioned the place, but we did 
not know whether it was an anatomical 
phrase or a French village.”—Melbourne 
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