1192 
‘Ibe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
August 9, 1919 
Never Hardens 
It is, of course, a point 
in its favor when salt 
is so manufactured 
that it is non-harden¬ 
ing. You need not 
bother then to break 
up lumps or smash 
barrels in your efforts 
to loosen the salt, losing 
time and money. 
COLONIAL 
SPECIAL FARMER'S 
SALT 
never hardens, if handled with reasonable care, 
so that is one of the reasons you will be pleased 
if you will remember to order it from your dealer. 
This salt is composed of flaky soft grains, free 
from adulteration to keep it from hardening. It 
is the perfect salt for all purposes on the farm. 
{ 
THE COLONIAL SALT COMPANY 
AKRON. OHIO 
Chicago, HI. Buffalo, N. Y. Boston, Mass. Atlanta, Ga. 
Help Your Cows mv 
Do Their Best 
A little watchfulness now, while the cows 
are freshening, will save a lot of trouble 
later. If the udder is caked or the teats 
rough and sore, the cow cannot do her 
best. Rub the affected parts 
gently, applying 
NORTH STAR 
Antiseptic Compound 
WOOL FAT 
Soon the skin will become smooth, pliable and healthy. 
Bossy will be more contented and give more milk. Use 
North Star Wool Fat also to keep your horses fit. It 
is a specific for Collar Galls, Thrush, Scratches, etc. 
CpCC TRIAI firCER Try this antiseptic healing com- 
■ I I1IML urrcn pound at our expense. We'll send 
you a liberal sample free. Write today. Ask also about 
Gcrm-X, the powerful, non-poisonous disinfectant and de* 
Oaorizer. You need both iu your dairy, 
NORTH STAR CHEMICAL WORKS, Inc. 
DEPT. C GAWKENCE, MASS. 
“This’ll Hold Her!” 
Regina Cow Yoke 
Absolutely prevents wire-fence breaking and self-sucking. 
$ 2-50 
Parcel Post Prepaid 
If not available from your dealer 
Made of steel. Will last a lifetime. 
Adjustable to any size neck. 
Comfortable for the cow. 
Guaranteed to hold any cow under a 2-strand slick 
wire fence. Cuts the cost of fencing in half. 
You get the milk—not the cow 
Order from your dealer today 
The F. E. Golian Co., Mfrs., Atlanta, Ga. 
Live Stock Questions 
Answered By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Questions in Management 
1. Do you think we would be safe in 
buying the following farm, truck and 
dairy farm, of 60 acres? The farm lies 
well, just sloping enough for drainage. 
The road runs across the middle of it. and 
on one side of the road most of the 
ground is infested with a small white 
grub, so that the owner has never been 
able to grow much of anything but hay on 
this part, and not a very good crop of 
that. These are not the regular white 
grub, the size of a lead pencil, but are 
smaller, although the same color, and look 
much the same, but they eat up corn and 
potatoes, etc., when planted. These fields, 
or part of them, have been limed and salt¬ 
ed and have had ashes put on, all some 
time ago, but the grubs are still there. 
The farm is worth the price asked if the 
fields could be made as productive as the 
other side of the road, but if they could 
not the farm is worth very little. Could 
you suggest a sure cure for this land, and 
do you think we would be safe in buying 
it? 2. Do you think calves can be suc¬ 
cessfully vealed on skim-milk and calf- 
meal? We are at present cooking oat 
flakes, which we mix with the skim-milk 
three times a day. We started the calves 
for a week on 5 lbs. of whole milk three 
times a day. 3. If I get 15c alive for 
veal calves here, what would I have to 
get hog-dressed in New York to come out 
the same, and do you think there would 
be any advantage in shipping them? 4. 
Do you like hopper feeding for growing 
pigs, beginning when they are weaned, 
and would you suggest a good ration? 
All feed has to be bought, but will have 
rape pasture as soon as it is. big enough, 
and plenty of corn to fatten them on. 5. 
I intend to plant rape in drills and culti¬ 
vate it until big enough for the pigs. 
Would I do well to plant something else 
with it, and what? w. L. s. 
1. It is unusual to find land that is pro¬ 
ductive on one side of the road and un¬ 
productive on the other, provided it is of 
the same general texture, and I am in¬ 
clined to believe that good farming would 
soon bring up the field that is infested 
with grubs, especially if it were plowed, 
planted with buckwheat, properly fertil¬ 
ized, then planted with oats, and seeded 
down. It might, be unwise to put corn 
on this field at the outset, but it could be 
prepared for this crop without any dan¬ 
ger of infestation. Rather than rely upon 
long distance advice concerning the advis¬ 
ability of purchasing this farm, it is sug¬ 
gested that you go to several of the re¬ 
sponsible farmers in this district who 
may know of this farm, and get their idea 
of its value and adaptability for your use. 
If there is a Farm Bureau agent in this 
county his advice would be helpful. 
2. I doubt very much the wisdom of at¬ 
tempting to fatten Fall calves on skim- 
milk, even though it is supplemented by 
proprietary feeds or calf meals of known 
usefulness. It is a difficult proposition 
to replace the butterfat, and as soon ns a 
calf loses what has been termed its “calf 
fat” it is indeed difficult to bring it up to 
condition that, will enable its owner to 
sell it ns veal. There is nothing that 
equals whole milk as a feed for calves in¬ 
tended for fattening purposes. I am sure 
that the calves in question should he left 
ou the cows until they are ready to sell 
for veal. There is much to be gained by 
keeping the calves confined in relatively 
close quarters that are partly darkened 
and well bedded in order to induce tin* 
calf to lie down as much as possible. It 
has been demonstrated that the highest 
quality of veal is produced under condi¬ 
tions similar to those I have described. 
3. It is usually estimated that veal 
calves hog-dressed will yield about 63 per 
cent of their live weight. Therefore, if 
you get 15c live weight for your calves 
you should get approximately 20c per lb. 
for the carcasses hog-dressed. Prime veal 
should bring at least 25 per cent more 
than the figures you have indicated. 
4. There are many advantages in util¬ 
izing a self-feeder for growing pigs. Par¬ 
ticularly is this true of pigs that are far¬ 
rowed very late in the season that it is 
desired tq market for the holidays. There 
is a difference of opinion as to which 
practice is the most economical, some 
claiming that the cost of a pound of grain 
is substantially less where the pigs are 
supplied with a limited amount of grain 
supplementing forage crops, and there, is 
no doubt that facts substantiate this claim. 
On the other hand, self-fed pigs mature 
«*• an earlier age, and where the pasture is 
limited there are many advantages in the 
free choice system. Usually the pigs make 
up in time what they lose in economy, for 
invariably market pigs are higher in Oc¬ 
tober and November than they are in De¬ 
cember and January, when the bulk of 
the fat hogs are on the market. If you 
limit the ration for weaned pigs having 
access to rape pasture, feed them from 2 
to 3 lbs. per day for each 100 lbs. live 
weight a combination consisting of 60 
per cent of corn or hominy. 20 per cent of 
ground oats, 10 per cent of digester tank¬ 
age and 10 per cent of middlings. If self- 
feeders are used it is only necessary to 
utilize the hominy or cornmeal and di¬ 
gester tankage, allowing the pigs to eat 
all that their appetites will demand. It 
is advisable to keep plenty of salt, char¬ 
coal and bonemetil before the pigs at all 
times; regardless of whether they are self- 
fed or hand-fed. and the pigs should have 
access to all the water that they will 
drink . 
5. Rape seeded in drills does not need 
a nurse crop, although it would be well 
to mix some white Sweet clover with 
the rape seed. This practice would make 
it possible to continue the forage over a 
longer season, and the Sweet clover, be¬ 
ing a legume, would gather and store 
nitrogen, and even during the same sea¬ 
son the rape plants would be materially 
strengthened by means of the nitrogen 
gathered by the Sweet clover. The rape 
and clover should not be pastured until 
the plants are S or 10 in. high, especially 
if it is desired to furnish a succulent feed 
during the growing season. There is 
nothing superior to a mixture of Dwarf 
Essex rape aud white-blooming Sweet 
clover, and you could not improve upon 
this combination. Instances have been 
reported where white hogs blister rather 
severely when pastured ou rape which has 
been allowed to attain a considerable 
height, yet this difficulty is invariably over¬ 
come by keeping pigs out of the field when 
the dew is on or when the plants are wet. 
It would be well to supplement this for¬ 
age with some hominy and tankage, a use¬ 
ful mixture being 00 lbs. of hominy to 10 
lbs. of tankage for pigs weighing less 
than 100 lbs. 
Corn Suckers for Silage 
Gan suckers picked from sweet corn he 
used as silage? Can it be packed in air¬ 
tight barrels and fed to the chickens and 
pigs in the Winter? If so, how should it 
be done, and what put iu to preserve it? 
Glenview, Ill. a. c. c. 
I do not recall any instance where 
sweet corn has been ensiled in the manner 
you suggest. Iu the first place, it would 
be difficult to cut up the sweet corn and 
pack it iu barrels, and, in the second 
place. I doubt very much if it could be 
made airtight, or whether it could be sub¬ 
jected to pressure enough in the-ordinary 
barrel to exclude the air and prevent fer¬ 
mentation. It is well known that the 
keeping value of the silo increases as the 
height of the silo increases; in other 
words, it is necessary to subject silage to 
great pressure in order to exclude the 
air and prevent fermentation. Inasmuch 
as sweet corn has a better market, and 
the stalks make excellent feed when cut. 
green and succulent, I think you could 
obtain more dry matter by cutting the 
stalks and suckers after the corn has been 
picked and storing these iu rather large 
sacks after they have been cured, and 
then carry them to a shed or barn to he 
used during the Winter months. I am 
sure you would get a better result in this 
way than iu case you tried to ensile it 
in barrels, for by the latter method a 
large amount no doubt would ferment and 
spoil and be absolutely of uo value. 
Figuring on Dairy Herd 
I have 10 acres of land, of which I 
use only two for crop ground. The other 
37 are good only for pasture and meadow, 
and three acres of this is too wet to use 
at all. How many milch cows could I 
feed Winter and Summer, and how should 
I divide off the pasture and meadow? 
Would the number of cows I could keep 
give mo a living? The milk would go to 
the powdered milk plant. J. M. G. 
It is doubtful indeed if you could take 
the 15 acres described and limit your 
crop production to pasture and meadow 
and obtain revenue euough from cows 
that would support your family. It is 
generally calculated that one aere of well- 
seeded pasture is required for each dairy 
cow maintained, and usually on this basis 
it is necessary to supplement this rough- 
age with some grain during the entire 
Summer seasou, more especially during 
the months of July and August. You do 
not indicate what crops are produced on 
the two acres under cultivation, but as¬ 
suming that this is corn or oats, you 
could scarcely produce enough on this 
area to supply even the basis of the con¬ 
centrates necessary for maintaining the 
herd. It is safe to figure that the dairy 
cow, not having access to silage or suc¬ 
culence of any sort during the Winter 
months, would require from 15 to 20 
pounds of bay; likewise she would re¬ 
quire from six to eight pounds of grain 
daily. If you establish a herd of 10 cows, 
utilizing 10 acres for pasture and five 
acres for hay, the distribution would be 
quite appropriate,, although as I suggest 
above, it would be impossible to produce 
enough on the two acres to feed the ani¬ 
mals during the Winter months. It would 
necessitate the purchase of concentrates 
and possibly some hay, and at the present 
price of market products you could 
scarcely afford to buy the necessary 
amount of grain to feed such animals. 
Really your unit is too small unless you 
are in a position to practice intensive 
crop production, which would mean 
adopting a well-planned system of grow¬ 
ing soiling crops, and would require the 
growing of two crops at least on the cul¬ 
tivated area during the same season. 
