1347 
RURALISMS 
Fruit Notes from Missouri 
Agriculture has been making rapid 
strides in this county during tln> last 
year. For one thing the advance from 
mixed farming to dairying has been made 
so quickly that it might be deemed a 
revolution. Holstein and Guernsey clubs 
have been formed, and numerous trips to 
Wisconsin have been made to buy regis¬ 
tered ’took. One club imported a lot'of 
Guernsey *alves straight from the Islands. 
Great progress is also being made in hor¬ 
ticulture. bee-keeping and poultry. When 
■\ve look about for the primal cause of this 
rapid movement and formation of a new 
sentiment in regard to these related in¬ 
dustries I think in fairness we must 
ascribe it to the experts sent out by the 
agricultural college as missionaries to 
travel over the State, county by county, 
and in conjunction with the county agent 
t or farm adviser to hold local meetings at 
various points, generally 1 1 some farm. 
At last the right method was struck. As 
long as these experts waited for the farm¬ 
ers to come to them at the county seat 
or some town, nothing was accomplished, 
but so soon as the experts began to go to 
the farmer to meet him cqj his own farm, 
then they at once commenced to achieve 
great results. 
Success in fruit growing this year, to 
use a slang phrase that expresses the real 
truth, hit only the high places. Only on 
elevations with good air drainage did the 
frost fail to destroy the apple crop. Our 
own crop sets a new record for abundance. 
For the first time since their planting. 
14 years ago, the 2 trees of Jefferis set 
a full crop, and what glorious crop it 
was! The late Prof. Van Pemnn, who 
recommended this variety to me. was right 
in claiming pre-eminence for this Summer 
apple in quality. For eating out of hand 
and for cooking and canning I have seen 
nothing superior. It was a pleasure to 
market such apples, knowing that every 
customer would be pleased. They sold at 
$1.50 per bushel, in competition with 
apples unworthy of comparison. I would 
not brand this apple as a late bearer; its 
tardiness here might have been due to 
the overly rich soil, which was fed heavily 
on manure to produce vegetables between 
the tree rows. . 
The Fanny apple again vindicated its 
claiih as a heavy annual bearer of fine 
fruit. It precedes Jefferis. ripening in 
July, while Jefferis runs through the 
greater part of August. Yellow Trans¬ 
parent and Early Harvest were good. 
The sensation of the apple orchard 
was the crop of huge apples borne by a 
v young tree listed variously as \\ ilson’s 
tied .Tune and San Jacinto. They were 
as large as the largest Gano and were 
colored a bright red all over, making them 
most attractive. I measured one whose 
circumference was UMi inches. Their 
season was the first part of August. In 
quality they are about the equal of Gano. 
This variety should certainly be a money¬ 
maker, for it has both the size and beauty 
to make it a favorite on the market. 
Staymau and Champion have a full crop 
weli distributed over the trees. The ap¬ 
ples of these varieties do not grow in 
clusters, and for that reason it is seldom 
that thinning is necessary. King David 
and Delicious have an excessive crop, 
twice as large as they should be permitted 
to bear. Their limbs have all come down 
under the weight until the trees bear no 
resemblance to their former selves. There 
is a ring of props all about them. The Ran 
Jacinto is pictured on page 1231. Fig. 419. 
The grape crop is in its prime. A 
period of wet weather caused an early 
outbreak of the rot that took a heavy 
toll where regular spraying was not prac¬ 
ticed. All of Roger’s hybrids are dis¬ 
posed to rot except Goethe. There is a 
good list of grapes that are nearly rot- 
proof. enough to make a good variety and 
to cover the season. For example there 
is Moore’s Early, Green Mountain. Daisy, 
Delaware, Lucile, Ives, Concord, Worden, 
Wyoming, Woodruff’s, Norton’s and the 
Munson Mericadel, America, Xiuta, 
Bailey and others. Prices are up not 
more than a cent a pound, rising from 
four to five cents. For the first time in 
many years the grape birds, orioles, were 
not present to carry on their destructive 
work of puncturing the grapes. Today 
for the first time I saw half a dozen of 
these pests. The only way I have found 
to combat them is with a shotguu. 
h. B. JOHN’SOX. 
Cape Girardeau Co., Mo. 
Propagating Raspberries and Blackberries 
Would you give me directions for the 
propagation of red and black raspberries 
and blackberries? w. w. e. 
Andover, N. Y. 
Black raspberries are grown from root 
tips, mostly. If the ground is naturally 
mellow they will generally root themselves 
in liberal quantity, but when ground is 
hal’d or inclined to bake after rains, or 
when maximum propagation is necessary, 
the tips of the canes should be covered 
with soil to hold them in place and to 
facilitate rooting. The tips are usually 
in condition for rooting in the month of 
August. The proper condition of the tips 
for rooting is indicated by the abbre¬ 
viated foliage or lack of foliage almost 
altogether on the terminals of the canes 
and bleached appearance of the tip. If 
the tips are buried before ready for root¬ 
ing they will generally continue growing 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
in lengtlu or the tips die without striking 
root. YVhen planting time comes, the 
canes are severed a few inches above the 
roots, and the stool of roots removed to 
their permanent location. The short piece 
of cane left to the roots will leaf out the 
following year, as a rule, but does not 
make much growth. New growth is 
thrown up from 1 mis under ground which 
form the plant .or fruit bearing the fol¬ 
lowing year, and so on throughout the 
life of the plant. 
Red varieties are increased from suck¬ 
ers thrown up around the parent plants, 
and from root cuttings. When propagat¬ 
ed from root cuttings, the plants are taken 
up in the late Fall and all roots from 
one-eighth inch and up in diameter are 
cut in pieces about two inches long. These 
ire usually buried in sand in small boxes 
and set away in a cool cellar until the 
following Rpring. They may be planted 
in the open ground or cold frames as 
early in April as the ground can be 
worked. The method of planting is very 
simple and consists of opening a small 
furrow two or three inches deep with a 
small plow, furrowing sled or hoe. into 
which the pieces of roots are scattered 
thinly and covered with soil. It is well to 
ridge the furrow somewhat at time of 
planting so that it can be raked down 
after plants start. This will answer for 
the first cultivation and destroy countless 
uumbers of small weeds. 
The same method of propagation is em¬ 
ployed for increasing blackberries as for 
red raspberries. k. 
Grapes in Northern New York 
I came from California only a few 
months ago. and would like to know 
whether grapevines would grow fruit in 
Saratoga County, X. Y. Some people 
here tell me it is too cold for grapevines 
to produce fruit. J. D. 
Saratoga Co., X. Y. 
Grapes will bear, aud bear abundantly, 
in Saratoga County, if given good care, 
but as the season is shorter here than in 
the grape-growing sections of the State 
many varieties that are considered safe 
in the grape belts will not mature here 
every season. There is a difference be¬ 
tween the grape sections of the State in 
their ability to grow and mature certain 
varieties. For instance, the Keuka T.ake 
district is the only place in the State 
that grows Catawba with any degree of 
success. The Delaware seems to reach 
its greatest perfection in the Hudson Val¬ 
ley between Kingston and Newburg. Con¬ 
ditions just south of T.ake Ontario seem 
especially congenial for Niagara. Adapt¬ 
ability of varieties to soil and climatic 
conditions is an important factor in suc¬ 
cessful fruit growing, whether of grapes, 
berries or any of the tree fruits. My 
choice of varieties for Saratoga County 
would be as follows, preference in each 
color being in order named: Blue— 
Worden, Moore’s Early. Concord. Camp¬ 
bell’s Early, Herbert. Red—Brighton, 
Delaware. Bindley. I.ucile, Moyer. White 
—Diamond, Niagara, Winehell, Empire 
State. G. R. s. 
The Robin as a Florida Tourist 
If Mr. Melius, page 1182. will come 
down here some time when we have a sure 
enough “infestation” of robins in straw¬ 
berry time, I will gladly give him a job 
watching robins that will leave him ut¬ 
terly in doubt as to that bird’s honesty 
or good intentions. With us the robin is 
a Winter tourist of that undesirable va¬ 
riety that bring nothing, take all they can 
get. and leave others to foot the bills. He 
will not even tune up on his cheerful 
morning and evening song, so character¬ 
istic of him in the North. Here he is sly, 
silent and thievish. 
One morning in February. 1017, he ar¬ 
rived in hundreds, before breakfast and 
evidently without breakfast; neglected to 
send in his card and was out for the best 
there was. A neighbor, going out to pick 
his much-prized berries for market, found 
not one speck of colored fruit left. He 
was so disgusted he would not bother to 
guard them until others ripened and lost 
his whole crop. I was more fortunate ; the 
berries being close to the house I dis¬ 
covered the thieves before they had done 
any damage, but it meant constant guard 
from dawn to dusk for several weeks to 
save that crop. I stood guard on Sun¬ 
days and put one of the hired men on 
guard during the week. The surrounding 
fields were red with tomatoes ruined by 
a recent frost, and on these they feasted, 
but they are true epicures, and vastly 
preferred strawberries worth 50 cents per 
quart to waste tomatoes. So they always 
hung around the strawberry patch with a 
longing eye on ‘.he berries and a disap¬ 
proving one on the guard. 1 am plan¬ 
ning to plant several acres of berries this 
season, and one of the most serious prob¬ 
lems that looms up is, will the robins 
appear? 
The robin may have merits to more than 
balance his faults, but, apprised of my 
feelings after guarding strawberries for 
weeks, he would not select me as a juror 
on his case in court. n. L. HAKTMAX. 
Florida. 
Yoi'XG Alber fc came running home with 
a book under his arm. “Why, what’s 
that. Albert?” 1 is mother asked. “It’s a 
prize, mother.” “A prize! What for?” 
“For natural history, mother. Teacher 
asked me how many logs an ostrich had, 
and I said three.” “But an ostrich has 
two legs." “I know that now, mother, but 
the rest of ti e elasti said four, so I was 
nearest 1”—Tit-Bits. 
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