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'Famous Majestic Engines 
We Bend you any size without a cent of advance 
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If you keep it, make first payment 60 days after arrival: 
balance in equal OU-day payments. Otherwise return it and 
we will pay ireifirht both ways. 
Compare Point for Point 'SS&tig** 
water cooled. Perfect lubrication. Perfectly balanced 
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FrppRnnlc PR ^> ves you the facta. Also 601 reasons 
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The Hartman Co. 4019 0 L .pt*19#2 r cm c « 0 
I 
PROTECT 
CORN and 
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Perfect protec¬ 
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THE THOMAS & ARMSTRONG COMPANY 
1510 Main St., X.ondon, Ohio 
\Tractor For 
the Small Farm 
rrou Mr. Farmer, with 160 acres or less here la 1 
x tractor service for your farm that will save 
you$500 to $700. Plow— cultivate—disc—do 
tho work of four horses with 
COULD ATTRACTOR 
Readily attaches to Ford car. Uso It os recommended and you 
get exactly tho tractor's sor- 
vico your farm requires. Sa¬ 
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FREE BOOK to Small Farm 
Owners. Specifications and 
table showing draw bar pull 
for two bottom plows, 
all kinds of soil. Ask 
your banker or 
this paper 
about us. 
Gould 
Valve Company 
22 Depot 
KpIIouk. Iowa 
WITTE 
2 H-P. Pulls 2| 
Bit? Value—Big Surplus power. 
Immediate Shipment. Oli'er in¬ 
cludes engine on Bkids—ready 
to uso.Life tfuarantco ogalnat defects 
LOW PRICES— DIRECT 
Any size—2 to 80 IT-P.—Station 
B y. Portable or Saw-Ills. N.w book 
tost bat FREE.—Ed. U. Witte, Proa 
Witte Engine Works 
I 897 Oakland Avenue KANSAS CITY, MO. 
I 897 Empire Building PITTSBURGH, PA. 
7h* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
The Story of the Vitamines 
Part V. 
Human Requirements. —From the 
few data available respecting adult rats 
it is unsafe to conclude that adult human 
beings do not need some source of this 
vitamine in their food. There is Very 
little danger on this score, however, be¬ 
cause this factor is furnished in relative 
abundance by several of the products 
which are almost invariably included iu 
the dietary of the average American. Only 
when exceptional circumstances seriously 
restrict the choice of food need precau¬ 
tions be taken to provide against a de¬ 
ficiency. With children the danger is 
greater, because we know that many times 
troubles similar to those shown by rats 
have developed in children after long feed¬ 
ing with skim-milk. When whole milk, 
and especially when top milk, is used 
there need be no fear that an insufficient 
amount of the fat-soluble vitamine will 
be provided. The fat-soluble vitamine is 
present in relatively large amount in the 
fat of milk; in hen's eggs; in the liver, 
heart and kidneys of pigs; in cod liver 
oil and in whale oil. The fat of cattle 
contains some. Among vegetable products 
it has been stated to be present in the 
seeds of maize, cotton, flax, millet, hemp 
and Soy beans; in the leaves of cabbage, 
clover. Alfalfa and Timothy, and in the 
r< >ts of carrots. It has not been found 
iu olive oil. almond oil or cottonseed oil. 
Milk, eggs and green vegetables are the 
chief source of this dietary factor in the 
food of the average American. The fat 
of meats probably contributes a little; 
sugar, flour, salad oils and lean meats, 
practically none. 
Effect of Heat. —Until very recently 
it was supposed that the fat-soluble vita¬ 
mine was not destroyed by moist heat, 
because Osborne and Mendel found that 
butter fat through which live steam had 
been passed for 2 ] 4 hours was still active. 
Their evidence, however, failed to prove 
that none of the vitamine had been de¬ 
stroyed by this treatment. Very recently 
Drummond has shown that when butter 
fat is heated for some hours, either alone 
or with alcohol, to temperatures even 
much below that of boiling water, the fat- 
soluble vitamine is largely destroyed. 
Whether the same is true of butter fat 
heated in contact with water, as during 
steaming, remains to be proved. 
Drying. —The recent experiments made 
b. Drummond appear to show that when 
even 10 per cent of butter fat which has 
been heated for four hours at 212 deg. 
Fahr. is added to the food it does not sup¬ 
ply appreciable quantities of fat-soluble 
vitamine. Since so much larger quantities 
of unheated butter-fat than we have found 
to be sufficient were required to promote 
the normal growth of Drummond's rats 
under the conditions of his experiments, 
Drummond’s experiments cannot be ac¬ 
cepted as finally demonstrating the effect 
of heat on the fat-soluble vitamine. Ex¬ 
periments which we have iu progress ap¬ 
pear to indicate that some other dietary 
factor, hitherto overlooked, is involved in 
such experiments. Until this subject has 
been studied further it will be impossible 
to decide just what effect heating has on 
the fat-soluble vitamine. Therefore, we 
cannot conclude that drying vegetables im 
warm air impairs their value as sources 
of the fat-soluble vitamine. but. on the 
basis of the unpublished experiments 
which we are now making, it seems safe 
to assert that many green plants after 
drying iu a current of air at about 140 
deg. Fahr. still furnish almost as much, 
if not more, of this food factor as does 
an equal weight of butter fat. How much 
more these would furnish in the undried 
state is not known. 
Cooking. —In view of the incomplete 
knowledge at present available respect¬ 
ing the effect of heat on the fat-soluble 
vitamine, it is impossible to state definite¬ 
ly to what extent it will be destroyed by 
cooking. Butter, and salads, and other 
green vegetables which are eaten un¬ 
cooked, can certainly be relied on to fur¬ 
nish the fat-soluble vitamine iu undimin- 
ished amount: and eggs, which are almost 
always cooked for only a very short time, 
probably suffer little damage. Whether 
or not cooking vegetables with steam or 
water destroys appreciable quantities of 
this food factor cannot lie determined with 
certainty from available data, but from 
experience of Osborne and Mendel with 
steamed butter fat it is improbable that 
much is destroyed. 
It is obvious from what has been said 
about cooking that little of practical im¬ 
portance is known about the effect of the 
processes employed iu canning on the 
fat-soluble vitamine. This subject has 
been entirely neglected. 
THOMAS B. OSBORNE. 
The Florida Climate 
On page 1167 Lewis 0. Cowing, in giv¬ 
ing some interesting facts of Florida, says 
nothing about the climate, nor does Mr. 
Cosgrove. Perhaps Mr. Cosgrove was 
not there long enough to get homesick. To 
me. although a coastal plains man. the 
dampness of Florida soon became intoler¬ 
able. When you were there a few Win¬ 
ters ago you gave us some idea of what 
that lifeless air made a m«n feel like, but 
I have never seen it in an., other writer’s 
notes, and certainly ot in land boomers’ 
descriptions. Mr. expected to 
see the robins there. . „e will go to the 
green brier and holly thickets of Southern 
Delaware this Winter, he will find the 
robins. a. e. R. 
Delaware. 
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ANALYSING 
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DICKELMAN MFG. CO. 
333 Main Street Forest, Ohio 
