1392 
•toe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 20, 1910 
SHARPLES 
^ SUCTION—FEED n 
Cream separator 
IT SKIMS CLEAN AT ANY SPEED 
You can “rest up” as you work, turning slowly and 
easy-like. 
Or you can turn faster and finish quickly. 
But no matter how fast or how slow you turn the 
Sharpies, you’ll find that the cream hasn’t varied a 
bit in thickness, nor have you lost a particle of 
butterfat through turning under speed. 
This is due to the Sharpies Suction-feed principle. 
No other separator can use this principle as it is 
patented. All other separators are fixed-feed and 
when you turn fast your cream thickens, and when 
you turn below speed you lose butterfat. 
Official tests made by nearly all agricultural colleges 
have proved that the Sharpies skimmed clean at 
widely, varying speeds—without affecting thickness 
of cream at the varying speeds. Write for full report. 
The Sharpies Separator works with you as well as 
for you. 
Get the facts about separators. They will 
show you the way to greater profits. Write to 
nearest branch, addressing Department 12 
"There are No Substitutes for Dairy Foods" 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO., West Chester, Pa. 
BRANCHES: CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO TORONTO 
Over 2,425,000 Sharpies Separators in Daily Use dc 95 
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Crop Prospects in France and England 
Ax Unfavorable Season. —In spite 
of the high prices which are certain to 
prevail for at least another year, the 
farmers in France and in England are not 
entirely pleased with the crop outlook. It 
is generally agreed that the growing sea¬ 
son in both countries has been unusually 
had ; in fact, the worst in 30 years. Dur¬ 
ing the period of nearly seven weeks in 
May and June there was practically no 
rainfall over the larger portion of France 
and England. To make matters worse, 
the prevailing temperatures were below 
normal. This condition affected unfavor¬ 
ably not only the Fall-sown crops, but 
created very trying conditions for the 
Spring plantings. 
Wheat Yields. —In northwestern 
France the best growers usually expect 
a yield of 40 to 45 bushels of wheat per 
acre. These growers are estimating the 
yield for the present season at about 30 
bushels per acre, or nearly two-thirds of 
a crop. Of course the average grower is 
much less favorably situated. Where the 
ordinary yields expected by him are about 
30 bushels per acre, his harvest this year 
is not. likely to exceed ,18 bushels per 
acre. He is evidently much worse off 
than his more progressive neighbor. In 
England the situation is much more prom¬ 
ising. The wheat growers on the best 
lands, such as the fens of Norfolk, or the 
heavier loams of Essex, do not consider 
50 to 60 bushels per acre an extraordinary 
yield. Some of them will harvest as much 
as 50 bushels or even more within the 
present season. Tt is evident that for a 
wheat crop of this magnitude a variety 
must be used which is not only very 
prolific but has a stiff straw to stand up 
under high feeding. Many years of selec¬ 
tion, thanks in part to the ability of Prof. 
Biffen of the Agricultural School of the 
University of Cambridge, have produced 
types of wheat peculiarly suitable for high 
production on soils rich in available nitro¬ 
gen. Beardless wheat is the rule, and so- 
called “cone” or bearded wheats are the 
exception. Now and then one sees in 
England fields of Spring wheat. These 
are admittedly not as satisfactory as the 
Winter wheat. 
Government Prices. —On the poorer 
soils of England the crop prospects are 
far less favorable. Nevertheless, even on 
the light chalk soils of Wiltshire, most of 
the fields are good for 30 bushels per acre, 
and some for as much as 40 bushels per 
acre. The price guaranteed by the Gov¬ 
ernment is approximately $2.40 per 
bushel, or the same as that guaranteed 
to wheat growers in the United States. 
However a pound sterling is now quoted 
at only $4.36. Hence, at the present rate 
of exchange, the wheat growers in Eng¬ 
land will receive less for their crop— 
approximately $2 per bushel. The dif¬ 
ference is worth noting, since the English 
wheat growers are obliged to buy concen¬ 
trated feeding stuffs and other commodi¬ 
ties in the United States. 
Oats and Barley. —The oats and bar¬ 
ley are far less satisfactory than the 
wheat. It is doubtful whether in north¬ 
western and southwestern France the oats 
will amount to more than about, half a 
crop. The barley is not much better in 
most places. Also in England the pros¬ 
pects for the oat crop are very poor. It 
seems that the dry weather exerted an 
unfavorable influence both on the germ¬ 
ination and the early growth of the cr ( op. 
However, on the better soils in England 
there arc many very promising fields of 
barley. The writer saw several fields in 
the vicinity of Kings Lynn which were 
good for 60 bushels to the acre. He saw 
a very considerable acreage of barley in 
Essex, which should average between 40 
and 50 bushels. While the growing con¬ 
ditions were not as satisfactory iu the 
chalk districts, some barley of very fine 
quality will be harvested in Wiltshire 
that will average more than 40 bushels 
per acre. Incidentally it may he observed 
that the barley grown on the thin chalk 
soils are highly esteemed by brewers. On 
the other hand, the barley grown on the 
heavier soils, richer in nitrogen, are far 
less acceptable for brewing purposes. lake 
the small grains, potatoes and mangels 
have been injured by the cold and dry 
Spring and early Summer. The dyked 
soils bordering on the North Sea have 
suffered less than other potato districts 
in England, and some very fine fields of 
potatoes are found in this territory. 
Thf. Fen District. —The holdings in 
the fens of the dyked area are large, and 
the quality of the farming is of a high 
order. There are many hundreds of acres 
of potatoes in this section that will yield, 
even in the present season, between 300 
and 350 bushels per acre. An occasional 
field is found whose estimated yield is 
about 400 bushels per acre. One of the 
growers near Kings Lynn has 1,000 acres 
of remarkably fine potatoes. He grows 
these in rotation with wheat, barley and 
clover. The method of manuring may he 
of interest to the readers of The R. 
N.-Y. 
High Fertility. —Before the war the 
number of cattle and sheep kept in this 
territory was much larger and the quan¬ 
tity of animal manure available was far 
beyond the present supply. The potato 
growers were in the habit then of of using 
as much as IS to 20 tons of manure per 
acre, and in addition 400 to 500 pounds 
of phosphates and 200 pounds of sulphate 
of ammonia. With a lessened supply of 
manure and a scarcity of chemical fer¬ 
tilizers, the growers are in a quandary. 
The best growers in the fen district are 
using 1,500 to 2,000 pounds of a mixed 
fertilizer containing about five per cent 
of nitrogen, 10 to 12 per cent of available 
phosphoric acid and some potash. They 
estimate that with the decreased supply of 
manure they will have to employ larger 
amounts of chemical fertilizers. They 
may be compelled also to change their 
rotations so as to allow a more extensive 
growing of legumes in order that large 
additions may be made through these of 
both nitrogen and organic matter. 
Potato Spraying. —The climatic con¬ 
ditions are decidedly favorable for grow- 
of the potato in England. The flea 
beetle and the potato bug are both un¬ 
known to the English potato growers. 
On the other hand, the late blight is com¬ 
mon, and spraying with Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture must be resorted to. Some of the 
growers are employing, with marked suc¬ 
cess, the dry sprays. In fact, Mr. Arthur 
II. Worth, who farms 5.000 acres, is 
probably the originator of dry spraying. 
He claims that lie not only devised the 
spray, but suitable dusting machines, and 
that he has furnished information on the 
basis of which the use of dry sprays lias 
been developed in the United States. 
Government Distribution. —The Brit¬ 
ish Food Controller, in attempting to 
regulate the price, supply and distribu¬ 
tion of potatoes, has instituted a system 
which on the whole has worked out very 
well, but in some instances has caused 
a considerable wastage of food. Mr. 
Worth still has on hand about 100.000 
bushels of potatoes, which were not taken 
off his hands by the Food Controller. At 
this late day these potatoes will be a total 
loss, since they can no longer be mar¬ 
keted to advantage, having been largely 
made unfit for consumption by long stor¬ 
age in shallow pits and trenches. This 
is but another instance of a very efficient: 
government organization failing occasion- 
aily to meet very unusual transportation 
conditions. 
Dairy Prospects. —It is not probable 
that the losses which the English and 
French herds of dairy cows and of sheep 
have suffered during the war will be made 
good for many years to come. As to dairy 
cattle, one still finds many fine specimens 
of the Normandy breed in Western 
France. However, these are mostly breed¬ 
ing animals, and scarcely any calves and 
yearlings are in evidence. The price of 
milk has naturally increased by leaps and 
bounds, and the Paris papers predict a 
milk famine next Winter. The dairy 
farmers both in France and England are 
complaining about the difficulty of finding 
help and of the high prices of linseed and 
cottonseed meal. Linseed cake is now 
quoted in England at $125 per ton, and 
cottonseed meal at $105 per ton. Such 
prices would be regarded as almost pro¬ 
hibitive by dairy farmers in the United 
States. Naturally the English dairy 
farmer is chary about feeding with such 
high-priced feeds. Most of the milk in 
England is now being made on pasture, 
with little or no supplemental feeding of 
concentrates. Even under such conditions 
milk is retailing in England at 16 cents 
per quart. Until recently it was 18 cents 
per quart, and it is claimed that the price 
of milk may be up to 20 or 25 cents per 
quart during the Winter. 
Milking Shorthorns. —The English 
dairy farmer still believes that the milk¬ 
ing Shorthorn is the most desirable type 
for his dairy- herds. Indeed, one finds 
many admirable specimens of .the milking 
Shorthorn here. However, the average 
milking Shorthorn does not shine in com¬ 
parison with the average grade Holstein 
in the United States. For instance, the 
p digreed herd bull at the School of Agri¬ 
culture of the University of Cambridge is 
out of the best cow in the herd, and she 
lias a record of only about 9,000 pounds 
of milk. In fact, milking Shorthorns 
with a record of 10.000 pounds of milk 
per annum are rather rare. 
Milk Production. —There is a group 
of large dairy farms owned by the Strutts 
in county of Essex. There are some good 
Ilolstcins in these herds, but there aver¬ 
age production is much below that found 
in the Holstein herds of New York. New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania. It is claimed 
of course by the English dairy farmers 
that the milking Shorthorn lias an ad¬ 
vantage over the Holstein in that when 
her usefulness as a dairy animal is over 
she can be readily fattened and sold at 
a good price for beef. It would seem, 
nevertheless, that when the difference in 
milk production is considered the Hol¬ 
stein dairy cow should, in the long run, 
prove more profitable than the milking 
Shorthorn. The writer is making this 
statement with due reservation, since cli¬ 
matic conditions and methods of feeding 
may offset, to a large extent, the superior 
dairy qualities of the black and white 
cows. Incidentally, it may be remarked 
that the Ayrshire-Shorthorn cross seems 
to be in most instances a very satisfactory 
dairy animal, and the writer saw several 
such cows which were evidently very good 
milkers. Like everything else, the cost of 
dairy cows is very high. Any milking 
Shorthorn of fair quality will bring $500 
to $350. Many of them when fattened 
are sold to the butcher for about $250. 
But few calves are raised, since under 
existing conditions the raising of calves 
appears to be quite unprofitable. 
Sheep Farming. —Sheep farming, like 
other types of farming, is struggling with 
a difficult labor problem. The handling 
