1494 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 11, 1910 
In the USTUS Limousette you get Limousine comfort with a Ford 
touring car or roadster at an exceedingly low price. 
The practicability of it is borne out by the fact that it can be used in 
connection with your standard Ford body and top without making 
alterations. The 
UslUS 
FOR FORDS 
Foi 
Fit 
Make Your Ford a Closed Car 
DAFOE-EUSTICE CO., INC. 
Manufacturer* 
1166 W. Jefferson Ave. Detroit, Mich. 
Distributers: 
Features of USTUS Limousette 
Provides closed car comfort in bad 
weather. 
Is combined with standard Ford body 
and top without alteration*. 
Eliminates inconveniences of awk¬ 
ward side curtains. 
Instantly converted into open or clos¬ 
ed car. Gives clear vision f'om front 
or sides. 
Price, $46 for Touring Car; $30 
GEO. W. COPP COMPANY 
236 W. 54th St., New York City.N.Y. 
UNIVERSAL MOTOR COMPANY 
1012 E. Broad Sf. Richmond, Va. 
The Dafoe-Eustice Company, Inc., is 
also the manufacturer of the USTUS 
standardized guaranteed line of pro¬ 
tective canvas cover*. They also make 
USTUS automotive specialties of can¬ 
vas and imitation leather. Send for 
catalog todav- 
for Roadster, f. o. b. Detroit 
can be transformed instantly from a 
cozy, closed, winter car to an open 
machine for oummer. 
Easy to Operate 
The Roller Windows respond at a light 
touch. Even a child can operate them 
with ease. 
The construction is sturdy yet light— 
it weighs only 40 pounds. It provides 
clear vision—front and sides—is free 
from rattles and vibration aud can be 
equipped to your car in an hour. 
This practical utility is now furnish¬ 
ing convenient protection to thousands 
of Ford owners. 
The USTUS Dealer in your town will 
be glad to demonstrate to you the 
advantages of the USTUS Limousette. 
See him now or write to your nearest 
Distributor for further information. 
75,000 Sold 
During First 120 Days 
Better call or write promptly to assure 
quick delivery. Seventy-five thousand 
Limousettes were sold during the first 
120 days. 
GRANGERS 
=LIME= 
“ The Standard by Which All Agricultural 
Limes Are Compared ” 
Write for Prices and Commodity Freight Rates 
GRANGERS 
SALES OFFICES: 
Hartford, Conn. 
Danbury, Conn. 
Bridgewater, Mass. 
174 Frelinghuysen Ave. 
Newark, N. J. 
LIME CO. 
WORKS: 
West Stockbridge, 
Mass. 
] 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Various Horticultural Notes 
Cuilding a Crcenhouse 
Part I. 
I am thinking of building a greenhouse 
about 18x40 ft. AVill you tell me how 
high it should be, and how many feet of 
2-in. liotwater pipes do I need? I would 
like to have a hot-water boiler for heating. 
J. r. 
Would you give me some information 
about building a greenhouse that would 
be large enough to grow about 15.000 to 
20.000 potted plants? I suppose oue end 
would he good to start the plants if a par¬ 
tition were placed between. I do not 
want to build an expensive house, hut one 
that would he good three or four years. 
I don’t know anything about a greenhouse 
and would like a diagram and list of 
materials. Could it he heated with a 
cannonball stove, and how? It gets pretty 
cold here, and I want to sow the seeds, 
such as tomato, pepper, celery and cab¬ 
bage, in February. Could a person make 
oue out of hotbed sash, aud if so what 
size? w• G. K. 
Kenosha, Wis 
House of IIotbed Sash. —I am sorry 
the size of pot IV. G. Iv. had in mind was 
not mentioned, as we have them from 
11/ 3 in. to 12 in. or more. If 214 in. pots 
are used a square foot will hold about 20, 
so we will figure on a house 20 ft. wide 
by 50 ft. long, which will, walks being 
counted out, hold around 15,000. A house 
of this size could be constructed of hot¬ 
bed sash possibly more cheaply than of 
regular sash bars used in greenhouse con¬ 
st ruction. For a house 20 ft. wide, 3 ft. 
x 6 ft. sash would do, using two sash on 
each side in place of a sash bar 12 ft. 
long. A purline would have to be placed 
midway between the eaves and ridge, 
where the sash would be joined together. 
The upper sash would he hinged to the 
ridge, or at least every other one should 
be fastened so as to be in position to be 
raised for ventilation. Some method 
would have to he devised to hold the lower 
edge firmly iu position when it is raised 
or lowered, as a high wind would be very 
destructive to sash not properly secured. 
All the sash should he firmly fastened, 
and the upper row should extend several 
inches over the lower to avoid drip. I >rip 
would he one of the serious obstacles, to 
the sash construction. Another objection 
would be the lack of sunlight, though this 
would uot be such a serious handicap 
where the house is iutcuded for the grow¬ 
ing of vegetable plants exclusively. Hot¬ 
bed sash usually are not very heavy in 
construction, aud the G-ft. span from 
eaves to purliue may not he sufficiently 
strong to support a heavy snowfall with¬ 
out damage. 
Sash Bars. —The regular greenhouse 
sash bar is grooved to carry off drip from 
the condensation inside the house, aud is 
usually 2*4 in. deep, which makes a bar 
ample in strength to withstand a pretty 
heavy snow when the bars, are spaced for 
16-in. glass, which is the size most in use 
for commercial houses. The sash bar will 
require a purline of lh£-in. pipe as a 
support in the center, which will with¬ 
stand a pretty heavy weight of snow. 
The hotbed sash, in order to stand the 
same weight, would need an extra purline 
in the center of each sash, or three on 
each side of the ridge. 
Heating. —A house of this size could 
be heated with a few stoves, even in Wis¬ 
consin. thought how many I could uot 
say. If would uot be a difficult matter 
to'try this out by iustalliug two of pretty 
fair size and then adding another if these 
are found inadequate. The stoves eouhl 
be placed near the ends of the house in 
a pit dug several feet deep. The heat 
will circulate much more satisfactorily 
if each .stove is entirely encircled with a 
sheet iron shield, extending to within about 
10 in. of the soil on which the stove 
stands, and a foot or two above the top. 
This shield should he 20 or 24 in. larger 
than the outside diameter of the stove. 
Anyone trying out this simple device 
where a .stove is used to heat a rather 
large room (especially if it is oblong) 
will he surprised at the results obtained. 
Stoves will heat up much quicker than a 
hot-water system would, and when the 
fire dies out the temperature will fall 
much more rapidly than where there are 
a lot of pipes filled with hot water to 
keep on circulating and giving off heat 
oven after the fire gets quite low. An¬ 
other disadvantage is the drying effect of 
the relatively higher temperature of the 
stove over the hot-water system. You 
will have to watch the soil carefully— 
especially while seed is germinating—to 
avoid loss from this cause. 
Transplanting Seedlings. —It will 
he a very easy matter to partition one 
end off in which to grow the seedlings to 
the proper size for transplanting. Here 
in Lancaster Co., Pa., there are no vege¬ 
table plants potted unless they are or¬ 
dered for a special purpose. They are all 
transplanted into flats about 12x18 or 20 
in. by 3 in. deep, usually 108 plants to 
the flat, and sold for 100. A spotting 
board with the correct number of pegs 
is used to mark the fiat for planting. 
Plants are grown here by the hundred 
thousand each season in this manner, the 
wholesale price being around 75c per flat 
for cabbage, 00c to $1 for tomato, with 
somewhat higher rates for pepper, cauli¬ 
flower and eggplant. The latter very 
often is grown in pots, this being the 
exception to the rule. 
Temporary Structures. —If you real¬ 
ly wish to build a temporary structure to 
la t only a few seasons with the ability 
to take it down and move it easily, the 
sash house would be the proper structure 
to consider— but right here is another 
thing to take into consideration: You 
cannot possibly hope to erect a green¬ 
house, no matter how cheaply constructed . 
and abandon it in a few gears and make 
any money in the venture. The very best 
materials obtainable should be used, and 
the construction should be thorough in 
every manner. The most economical man¬ 
ner would be to start a house say 20 ft. 
wide and build as long as your finances 
will permit, making one end permanent, 
and the other fasten in temporarily so 
that if it is desired to extend the area 
at any time, extra length could easuy be 
added. If heated with hot water, unions 
could be inserted iu each coil of pipe at 
the temporary end, which would make it 
very easy to connect the new addition to 
the heating system without any alteration 
at the heater. A good substantial house 
could be erected and heated with stoves 
for a few years, which would bring the 
cost very much lower than if hot water 
was installed at the start. 
Hot Water System. —A house 20 ft. 
wide will require 12 lines of 2-in. pipe 
to maintain a temperature of 50 degrees 
when the outside temperature is zero, 
with an additional 2 per cent of pipe 
to the 12 lines added for each degree the 
tempera, .re is likely to drop below zero; 
50 degrees is not warm enough for tomato 
and pepper plants, though it is ample for 
cabbage. A partition could be erected, 
and one end kept warmer by the addition 
of a few extra lines of pipe. For a house 
20x50 ft. a grate surface of not less than 
20 iu. square should be installed, though 
less attention would be needed with a 
grate area of near double this size. One 
of the most serious mistakes many be¬ 
ginners make is to install a boiler that is 
too small for the work to be done. The 
result is constant attention required in 
cold weather, with the worry that if it 
should get a little colder something may 
freeze. A boiler that must be forced hard 
is not nearly as economical in the use of 
fuel as oue that is really larger than 
necessary. With hot water aud a boiler 
nearly twice the size actually needed and 
the tire properly hauked off iu the evening, 
no attention will be necessary till the 
next morning. This extra boiler capacity 
is not so essential where a fireman is on 
duty throughout the night, though even 
then it is a great satisfaction—as we have 
found out from experience, and now our 
boiler capacity is one-fourth larger than 
actually required. 
Type of Boiler.— My first choice of 
a boiler would he a return tubular, if a 
good secoud-hand one could be found; 
10 horsepower would do, though slightly 
larger would not be amiss. If a new 
boiler would have to be purchased, a 
sped 1 greenhouse boiler erected without 
tubes, from sheet steel, has been giving 
excellent satisfaction. This is far prefer¬ 
able to cast iron, iu safety and economy, 
though the cast-iron boiler may last 
longer, if it does not crack. A few years 
ago I knew of many florists who installed 
tvst-iron boilers, and today with the ex¬ 
ception of two every one has replaced 
them with steel boilers, and one of these 
men has had several sections crack. 
Piping. —The boiler should be placed 
low enough so that the top will be several 
feet below the returns. A 3-in. flow and 
r turn will be large enough for a house 
50 ft. long, hut if there is any likelihood 
of future extension larger flows and re¬ 
turns should he installed. Four flows aud 
eight returns would be the couveutioual 
arrangement, the flows beiug placed over 
head and supported on the purlines, aud 
the returns being hung on brackets on the 
side walls. The main How is carried 
to the highest point of the system, and 
all the Hows and returns fall at the rate 
of at least an inch iu 10 feet, back to 
the boiler. An expension tank large 
enough to hold one-twentieth of all the 
wat : iu the system should be placed 
several feet higher than the highest point 
of the flow. This tank should be con¬ 
nected to the return near the boiler, ami 
a small pipe should he connected into the 
top of the main flow at the highest point 
aud carried over the top of the expansion 
tank, f his small pipe will carry off all 
the ajr in the system and will always 
keep it free of air. All pipe should have 
au even fall toward the boiler; care should 
be taken to see that no air poJkets can 
form iu a depression at any point, as a 
very small amount of air will interfere 
with the circulation very markedly, or 
stop it entirely. elmkr j. weaver. 
(Continued Next Week) 
Tramp: “Please, sir, will you give me 
a shillin’ to get something to eat?” Be¬ 
nevolent Gentleman : “You’ve got a six¬ 
pence in your hand uow. What's that 
for?” Tramp: That’s to tip the waiter.” 
—Loudon Passing Show. 
