1532 
Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
wati'riug. milking, churning ami the liuu- 
dmls of details c-oimoeted therewith, 
which are practically, the r-ame for a few 
cows as they would he for a dozen or 
more, this item of income is dearly pur¬ 
chased. Then again, with a few cows it 
would hot pay to build a silo or equip a 
modern dairy with all the labor-saving 
machinery necessary for making first- 
class butter at a reasonable cost. One 
dollar and thirty-eight cents a day would 
scarcely pay for the labor of going 
through the different operations, say- 
nothing about the. cost of feed and other 
necessary expenses. 
The same is true of many of the other 
items. Poultry and eggs brought in nearly 
MOO. but a gross return of this amount 
is not enough to make it any more than 
a side line. Yet some one must be on 
hand to go through all the different oper¬ 
ations of feeding, cleaning, gathering the 
eggs and selling them, raising the chick¬ 
ens and the thousands of details con¬ 
nected therewith, the same as would be 
required on a poultry farm, but the in¬ 
come will not warrant all this labor and 
expense if one man has all the work to 
do in addition to the rest of his duties. 
Again, the largest single item of in¬ 
come is potatoes, which sold for $642.30. 
For this amount it would scarcely pay to 
purchase all the labor-saving machinery 
for planting, cultivating, spraying and 
digging the crop, such as is used on a 
large potato farm, and without which it 
is impossible to compete successfully with 
those who make a specialty of the busi¬ 
ness. 
While it is perfectly proper for every 
business farmer to have one or two Ui tie 
side lines, they must not require so much 
attention as to interfere with the prin¬ 
cipal money crops. These crops, whether 
potatoes, grain, fruit, butter or eggs, must 
be produced in sufficient quantities so 
that the income from same will warrant 
the expense of equipping a farm for their 
production in the very best up-to-date 
manner, which is necessary to meet the 
competition of others who are in the same 
business, and who are similarly equipped. 
Everything considered, a person should 
not confine himself to one line if lie can 
handle two without conflicting with each 
CONTENTS 
THF. RURAL NEW-YORKER, OCT. 18, 1919 
earn: topics 
The Production, of Reliable Potato Seed, 
1529, 1530 
Mulching and Fertilizing in Central West.. 1530 
Valuable Hints on Selecting and Storing 
Seed Corn . 1530 
The City Man’s View. 1534 
Shorter Hours on the Farm... 1534 
Willow Cuttings for Fence Posts. 1534 
Story of Indian Corn. 1542 
Enthusiast for Tile Drainage. 1542 
Getting Rid of Quack Grass. 1544 
Hope Farm Notes. 1546 
A Big Ohio Farm. 1546 
Shall the Farmer Go Into Politics?. 1549 
That Acre of Sweet Corn... 1561 
Those Abandoned Farms. 1562 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Truth About Wool Substitutes. 1531 
The Southern Beach Pony.1540, 1544 
New Idea in Breeding. 1554 
Buying Heifer . 1554 
Figures About Holsteins. 1554 
Mammitis .. 1554 
Canned Meat . 1557 
Removing Taint from Meat. 1557 
Unruly Bull . 1557 
Tuberculosis in Vermont. 1557 
The Ash Value of Milk. 1558 
Pasture and Barn Notes. 1558 
Jersey Red Hogs. 1560 
Silage Without Ears; Gluten. 1560 
Grade and Purebred Animals.... 1560 
How Many Cows?. 1560 
Feeding Whole Wheat. 1560 
THE HENYARD 
Early Layers and Molters. 1564 
Carbolic for White Diarrhoea. 1564 
Poultry Feeding Problems. 1564 
Egg-laying Contest . 1565 
Balancing Hen’s Ration. 1565 
HORTICULTURE 
Commercial Fruits for Western New York 
Part I . 1533 
Trouble with Fi^ Tree. 1533 
New Plant Immigrants. 1537 
Ladder for Sidehill Trees. 1538 
Vinegar from Pomace. 1538 
Building a Greenhouse—Part 1. 1541 
Controlling Curculio . 1541 
Repairing Old Tree. 1544 
A Simple Fruit Picking Ladder. 1545 
Fruit Notes from Missouri.1545, 1547 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day..... 1550 
The Rural Patterns. 1550 
Cocoanut Drop Cookies. 1550 
Wild Rose Filet Yoke.1552, 1553 
Embroidery Designs . 1553 
Preserving the "Vine Peach”. 1563 
MISCELLANEOUS 
One-pipe Furnace . 1554 
Editorials . 1548 
The Food Investigation. 1549 
Products, Prices and Trade... . 1563 
Philadelphia Markets . 1563 
Publisher’s Desk .1566 
other. For example, butter and potatoes 
can be produced on the same farm suc¬ 
cessfully. as one does not seriously inter¬ 
fere with the other. Poultry and fruit 
is another combination which works well 
on a one-man farm, but poultry and dairy 
do not go together. 
A few bogs can be made a profitable 
side line with a good-sized dairy. When 
poultry and eggs are the main sources of 
income, no side lines should be attempted 
.except fruit, and where there is available 
land suitable for grain raising the 
manure produced on the place may be 
utilized for this purpose, provided help 
can be hired at a reasonable figure to 
care for the crops, which iu turn are fed 
to the poultry. If reliable help is not 
easily obtainable for this work it is bet¬ 
ter to sell the manure. At any rate, the 
principal money crop should sell for sev¬ 
eral thousand dollars if a profit is to be 
realized on a one-man farm. Side lines 
are seldom life savers. c. s. gkeexe. 
Experiments with Vermin 
The Army Cootie. —During the war 
one of the worst enemies our soldier en¬ 
countered was the body louse or “cootie.” 
This horrible insect is not supposed to 
be mentioned “in polite society”—perhaps 
that is one reason why it did so much 
damage during the war. No one kuew 
how to fight it to best advantage, because, 
strange to say, the entomologists had not 
even worked out its life history. You can¬ 
not successfully clean out a disease, an 
insect an animal or a race of men until 
you know their life history and habits. 
It is safe to say that if the Germans had 
known the habits and life history of 
Americans they would never have let this 
country enter the war. 
Old Remedies. —We have seen men iu 
lumber camps suffer tortures from these 
Harvesting Wheat in Mountains of W.Va. 
insects—greybacks. Sometimes sick men 
lie in their bunks unable to move and are 
almost eaten alive! Nobody can tell how 
our soldiers, suffered. In these camps the 
men used mercurial ointment and “Scotch 
snuff.” which seemed to be a mixture of 
ground tobacco and sulphur. There was 
a curious debate among these men. One 
side claimed that boiling the clothes in 
soap water kept the lice away. The other 
side claimed that if clothes were worn 
without washing for a long time the 
wearer was protected from the vermin. 
Strange to say the scientist# have found 
that this is true. No lice were found in 
very dirty and greasy clothing. It is said 
that iu Africa many tribes of natives rub 
their bodies with oil or grease, and are 
practically free from lice. 
Scientific Study. —Early in 11H 7 
work was started at the University of 
Minnesota iu a full study of this offensive 
subject. It was necessary to breed the 
lice through several generations iu order 
to know their habits. In some cases, 
volunteers, both men and women, offered 
their services, and for days carried these 
hideous creatures on their arms. A little 
glass eas wan arranged, fitted to the arm 
like a wrist watch, and under the case a 
e> !ony of lice were kept under observa¬ 
tion, as they bred, laid eggs, and fed. 
This work proved too slow, and small in¬ 
cubators were arranged for holding the 
lice under observation. The vermin were 
kept on small woolen squares in little 
glasses, free to roam about over the wool. 
Feeding the Subjects. —The first 
problem was how to feed these hateful 
creatures so as to keep them alive. Rab¬ 
bits and guinea pige were first tried. 
These animals were tied down to a hoard, 
a small piece of hair shaved off the skin 
and the lice transferred to it. In all 
cases they refused t<> feed. A small pig 
was next tried, but the vermin could not 
puncture his skin, even when tried on the 
skin of the ear. A monkey was next 
tried, after freeing him from parasites. 
The vermin fed slowly on him. but evi¬ 
dently did not like the blood. All other 
forms of animal blood failed, and in order 
to keep the vermin alive it was necessary 
to feed the creatures twice each day oil 
some human subject. This was done b.v 
transferring the square of wool to the arm 
of some human and covering with a small 
glass case while they fed. It is stated 
that among the persons volunteering for 
this hideous experiment was one on whose 
arm the vermin absolutely refused to feed. 
While they willingly fed on others they 
would not touch this man. and no ex¬ 
planation could be found. Was there any 
possible connection between this and their 
aversion to blood from the monkey? 
Would it be possible to develop from this 
man’s blood some principle with which to 
inoculate others and make them vermin- 
proof? 
Life History. —At any rate it was 
possible through these ingenious experi¬ 
ments to learn the life history of the 
greyback” and how to fight him. The 
eggs require eight or nine days to hatch, 
under human body conditions, and 10 to 
16 days are required for fie adult to grow 
to maturity. One fem: j .id b«r first 
egg at 16 days old. S e ved . 'tvs 
longer, and laid in al! ' / < gs. ; • > 
oue record of a female la. ug ' of 
272 eggs, when kept coniine ,u., v up 
the human body. The vermin will L, 
for a long time without feeding when kept 
at a low temperature. 
Disease Carriers. —It has been dem¬ 
on strated typhus and several other forms 
o* fever are carried by these vermin. 
There are many other minor diseases car¬ 
ried b.v these hideous creatures. In this 
experiment it was clearly shown that the 
bites of these vermin caused headache, 
drowsiness, light fever and pains in the 
chest, neck and legs. There was a mental 
effect of depression, and many of the 
symptoms of “grippe.” These results in¬ 
dicate that the body louse may give a 
substance toxic enough to cause mild fever 
and a skin eruption. This is in addition 
to what it may do in carrying disease 
from oue person to another. There is 
one recorded case of a man whose death 
was evidently due to this toxic effect of 
lice. It is not a pleasant or cheerful 
subject, but these experiments show that 
much sickness, depression and trouble are 
due to the presence of these vermin. 
Control Measures. —The fact that 
most of the vermin remain upon the body 
or iu the clothing makes it easier to clean 
them out. but both must be thoroughly 
treated. For the clothing, boiling iu soap 
and water will destroy the vermin. Iu 
large army laundries a small amount of 
lysol or cresol is added to the water, but 
thorough boiling will do the work. Fumi¬ 
gation with chemicals was tried on the 
clothing, hut was not more effective than 
the use of steam or very hot air. 
Repellents. —During the war, as 
many of us know, various “louse powders” 
were advertised. They were to be worn 
iu little muslin hags hung around the 
neck under the clothing. It is said that 
the most successful of these powders was 
made of napthalene. 96 per cent; creosote, 
2 per cent and iodoform 2 per cent. This 
has given good results, but sometimes 
proves irritating to the skin. Another 
good powder was talcum, 20 grains, creo¬ 
sote, 1 e. c\, and sulphur, % gr. Sulphur 
alone had practically no effect upon the 
vermin. The report of these experiments 
states that boiling in soap or fumigation 
with ehloropicrin will clean up the gar¬ 
ments. This aud absolute cleanliness, 
and use of “blue ointment” on the body, 
will give relief. The outer garments often 
varry the vermin in their seams. To kill 
such subjects the use of such chemicals as 
“dichlormonobrommetacresol” arc sug¬ 
gested. That ought to kill anything. 
A poor, but thrifty. Scotswoman had 
been promised a gift of a new bonnet by 
a wealthy Summer resident. One morn¬ 
ing. as the woman was about to motor 
to the city for some shopping, she stopped 
at the home of the Scotswoman and 
asked: “Would you rather have a felt 
or it straw hat, Mrs. MacVean?” “Weel,” 
said Mrs. MacVean, “I think I’ll take it 
straw oue, if you please, ma’am. It’ll 
maybe make .a good mouthful to the cow 
when I’m done with it.”—Credit Lost. 
October 18, 1919 
_rcmiJpcuMjar_ 
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SPREADS EVENLY—QUICKLY 
Any barn manure, fertilizer, lime, ashes, etc. 
Shreds into wide strips, without clogging or bundl¬ 
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LIGHT DRAFT-ONLY TWO HORSES 
Kemp-Climax is simple, durable, light draft. Douhle- 
self-sharpening teeth bolted to luclosed Cylinder 
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proposition for dealers. 
N. J. KEMP CO. 
36 Swan Street, Batavia, N. Y. 
Keep Your Trees Safe 
Prevent orchard losses by preventing girdling 
or gnawing by rabbits, mice and other rodents. 
[XCELSIOR* Wire Mesh 
iree Liuards 
cost little and save many dollars. They’re espe¬ 
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CLINTON -WRIGHT WIRE CO.. Worcester. Maw. 
' *-*£!£* 
m This new shape brush re¬ 
duces the unpleasant work of clean¬ 
ing vegetables. It cleans them thor¬ 
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not come out and water does not sof¬ 
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sent postpaid for 1C cents. Only one 
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if you want one of these bargains. 
Colonial Brush Mfg. Co., Inc. 
Z400 Asylum St.,ilartford,Conn 
MALONEY TREES 
For full planting. Fruit and Ornamen¬ 
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DaneviUe'9 Pioneer WholeeaU Nurseriee 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
For September and 
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KLACKIIEIIKT, IIKW HKItllY, (lOOSKHKIlUT, Oil till A NT, 
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HARR Y L. SQUIRES - GOOD GROUND. N. Y 
4-YR. ASPARAGUS ROOTS 
for quick results. S2.50 per 100: 112 per 1,000. 
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a quick reply and a “square deal. ” See 
guarantee editorial page. 
Send Only $122 
Try It In Your Kitchen 
30 Days 
MAIL COUPON 
Try this splendid Food Chop- 
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4019 LaSalle Street Dept. 2287 Chicago 
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Name. 
The HARTMAN CO./ 
4019 La Salle Street / 
•apt. 2287 CHICAGO * Address 
