TV RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1533 
Orchard Notes 
Commercial Fruits for Western New York 
Part X. 
We often see in the farm papers lists 
of varieties of fruits for general planting, 
or for planting in certain localities far 
removed from tlie place of residence of 
the person making up the lists. In the 
case of Mr. Wilbor, page 1202. the re¬ 
quest for lists of good and poor varieties 
comes from this county, and yet it is not 
easy to answer it. 
The Winter of 1917-1918 was so very 
much more severe than usual that we 
should not necessarily condemn a variety 
that failed that time. Baldwin apples, 
for instance, were killed or severely in¬ 
jured in very many orchards, but that is 
no reason for not planting it. ns it is 
probably more than a hundred years since 
this place has had such .severe weather, 
and it. may be as much longer before it 
occurs again. Care should be taken, how¬ 
ever. to plant Baldwin on land where 
there is good air and water drainage, bet¬ 
ter on rather light soil, either sand or 
gravel. 
In planting an orchard I should con¬ 
iine myself to a selection from Duchess 
of Oldenburg. Wealthy. McIntosh. Rhode 
Island Greening. Baldwin. Northern Spy. 
Black Gilliflower. Gano. Delicious. Wag¬ 
oner and Jonathan. Varieties earlier 
than Duchess are not profitable here, and 
the Fall winds are likely to get anything 
later than Gano. With the exception of 
Delicious all these varieties have proved 
good for this climate, and sufficiently high 
quality or productive, or both, to be pro¬ 
fitable commercially. Gano is the only 
one of the list wliich is of low quality, 
and it is by far the best of the Ben Davis 
group. The following list takes in about 
all the apple varieties with which I have 
had experience, and gives my opinion of 
them : 
Black Gilliflower: The Gill is very 
much liked in certain restricted markets, 
and sells for a high price. It may be that, 
like the quince, an increase of production 
would greatly reduce the price. As a 
young tree it grows rather slowly, but 
later attains great size. Tt has rather 
weak branches, which tend to grow 
crooked. It is very productive, and is 
not subject to diseases of the fruit. 
Baldwin: This is an old standard va¬ 
riety of high quality, and very productive. 
It has a place in every commercial or- 
clnml in this part of the State, and is 
worthy of continued heavy planting. It 
is not very subject to diseases except the 
“Baldwin spot.” which is not well under¬ 
stood'. but is believed to be caused by 
some fault in the supply of water to the 
tree. Its main fault is that it has a very 
short period when it is ready to be picked. 
Before that time it lacks color and qual¬ 
ity. and later severe loss by dropping 
must be expected. In most seasons there 
is a time of a few days when the Bald¬ 
wins are ripe enough and still not drop¬ 
ping. It is an easy tree to grow in the 
nursery and in the orchard. It is one 
of our most profitable commercial varie¬ 
ties. There are some who believe it to 
be of rather low quality, but a well- 
matured Baldwin which lias been stored 
under proper conditions is hard to beat. 
Ben Davis: This variety has been 
planted very widely in Wayne County, 
and has generally proved profitable. It 
is rather low in quality, but not so low 
as it has been reported if well-matured 
and stored until the proper season. In 
future plantings it should be replaced by 
Gano. 
Bunker Hill: As a boy I thought this 
one of the finest varieties grown. It is 
about with Wealthy in season, but is sur¬ 
passed by many others for commercial 
purposes. 
Bailey Sweet: This is a very good 
sweet apple, but the tree is quite weak 
and grows very slowly. 
Chenango Strawberry: This is an old 
variety of very high quality. It is in 
season just before Wealthy. As a com¬ 
mercial variety it has the fault of not 
being well known and of being rather too 
tender to carry well. 
Duchess of Oldenburg: The Duchess 
is one of the best of the newer varieties. 
It is of good quality both for dessert and 
for cooking. It bears early and is pro¬ 
ductive. Its season is so early that it 
must be shipped in iced cars, and a very 
little delay on the road will make it a 
total loss. » 
Delicious: This apple has proved a 
great success under Western conditions, 
and seems likely to be a valuable com¬ 
mercial sort in- the Fast. 
Fall Pippin : This is an old standard 
variety of very high quality. It is quite 
subject to apple scab, and requires careful 
spraying for good quality. Its color is 
against it, but it sometimes brings very 
high prices. 
Golden Russet: This is probably the 
best of the russets, but its small size! 
makes it a rather expensive apple to 
gr« >w. 
Gano: This is the best of the Ben 
Davis group. It is usually considered 
rather poor in quality, but many think it 
a very good cooking apple. It lias the 
advantage of carrying the picking season 
a little beyond Baldwin. It is the apple 
that should be planted in place of Ben 
Davis if any of that group is wanted. 
Jonathan : I have had little experience 
with this apple, but it seems to be about 
the most productive of the Spirzenberg 
group. It is a fairly profitable apple in 
Wayne County, but has not been exten¬ 
sively planted in the older orchards. 
Wayne Co.. N. Y. ai.khfu c. wkf.o. 
Trouble with Fig Tree 
I have a big bush that I raised from a 
fig from North Carolina. Tt made a very 
vigorous growth. T suppose it grew 10 ft. 
tall in two or three years. It is about 
live or six years old. A few green figs 
come on it every year, and fall off. not 
staying long enough to get ripe. Last 
year I cut it down to the ground and it 
has come out again. What was the 
trouble with it, that it would not grow 
ripe figs? ■ .t. n. k. i 
Crisfield. 3rd. 
I rather suspect that your fig tree is 
from a fig not grown in North Carolina, 
but from an imported dried fig. But even 
a fig ripened in North Carolina may pro¬ 
duce a barren tree. When I was work¬ 
ing in the North Carolina Experiment 
Station I devoted a great deal of time and 
work to the getting of better figs for the 
State. I had at one time 35 varieties of 
figs from all over the south of Europe, 
and I grew and distributed thousands of 
plants of the more hardy varieties to the 
farmers in the eastern part of the State. 
Incidentally I also grew hundreds of seed¬ 
ling tigs from the finest of the dried figs 
that I could find in the stores. < >f these 
I set out a block of more than 100 trees. 
Every one of these set fruit and dropped 
it. Even in the Levant, where they grow 
and dry and pack these so-called Smyrna 
tigs, it is necessary that they be artificial¬ 
ly fertilized in order to set the fruit. They 
have a wild fig called the Capri tig which 
sustains a little wasp-like insect that 
transfers the pollen to the flowers of the 
edible fig. and thus enables the fruit to 
mature. They now have the Capri fig and 
the wasp in California, and are there 
growing the Smyrna fig- and packing 
them. The only figs to grow here are the 
self-fertilizing kinds, of which there are 
very many varieties. Now do not tell 
me. as some of my friends have, that tin- 
fig does not bloom. Thousands of people 
never see things that are not right up 
before them. The flowers of the fig are 
all inside the general receptacle, just as 
tin- flowers of the mulberry are all on the 
outside. If a mulberry fruit was turned 
inside out. as you would the finger of a 
glove, it would be like a fig. You can 
probably get cuttings of tigs fnuu the Bu¬ 
reau of Plant Industry in tin- Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture. The hardiest va¬ 
rieties are Doree Narbus. Celestial and 
Brown Turkey. The Celestial or Chinese 
fig is a small brown fig that can be eaten 
skin and all when ripe, while others have 
an acrid skin that must be treated with 
an alkaline bath before being edible. In 
North Carolina the Celestial fig is com¬ 
monly eaten with cream. You cannot do 
anything with your seedling tig unless you 
had the Capr.i fig and its wasp. Better 
throw it away and set cuttings in the open 
ground in the Spring and they will root 
easily. Plant as near the salt water as 
practicable, as they do better there than 
elsewhere. , w. f. massey. 
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