October 25, 1019 
1572 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
poison ie more thoroughly and evenly dis¬ 
tributed in the, dust than in the liquid 
spray. At first it seemed as if the dust 
would be washed off the trees more readily 
than the liquid, but after watching both 
through several rains we think the dust 
will really stick better than the liquid. 
In our own orchards the water supply 
is not close to the trees. A long journey 
is required to go for needed water. With 
the dust we can carry enough material 
to the orchard to enable us to work half 
a day without stopping, except to put. 
mor*e dust in the hopper. We figure that 
spraying with the liquid took us about 
five times ns long as it did to blow on the 
dust. We can use the dust when the 
wind is too high for good liquid spraying, 
and can also use it when the trees are 
too wet to hold the liquid properly. 
The cost of the dusting, including the 
cost of labor and material, will run at 
least 50 per cent more than liquid spray¬ 
ing. The advantage of .being able to 
apply the poison quickly and at just the 
right time, and with unskilled labor if 
need be. has made the dusting imperative 
with us. We shall continue it after two 
years’ experience. 
As for results, we have not made any 
scientific or accurate records. We know 
from observation, packing and sale about 
the proportion of wormy fruit. One dust¬ 
ing gives us fully as good results as one 
spraying. If anything the advantage is 
with the dusting. Apple diseases are not 
troublesome in our neighborhood, but we 
conclude that for scab and similar dis¬ 
eases the liquid sprays are rather more 
effective than the dust. As for the San 
,To.sc scale and similar insects, the dusts 
are not effective. If you have these pests 
in the orchard you will be forced to use a 
liquid spray. For treating the worms 
alone we find it profitable to use a 
duster, but any man with the ordinary 
apple pests on his frees will need to use 
some liquid sprays. Wliat we want is a 
combination machine. This should be a 
sprayer carrying an engine and tank for 
liquids. There should be an arrangement 
for mounting a fan and hopper when de¬ 
sired on top of the tank and connecting 
the fan with the sprayer engine. That 
would be a well-nigh perfect outfit. 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, OCT. 25, 1919 
FARM TOPICS 
Reliable Potato Seed—Part II. 
Winter Vetch and Soy Beans. 
Corn Smut and Oats... 
Rain and Crops. 
Tomato Experience Wanted.. 
Hope Farm Notes. 
Potato Scab and Rust. 
The Farm Bureau Organization. 
What Science Has Done for the Peat Bogs 
of Sweden . 
Crops and Farm News. 
1571 
1572 
1577 
1577 
1577 
1582 
1583 
1585 
1573 
1595 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
National Dairy Show Notes. 
Feeds for Two Pigs. 
Grain Ration with Dry Forage... 
Supplementing Poor Pasture. 
Identifying Cattle . 
Balancing Corn and Silage Ration 
Pig with Throat Trouble. 
Dishorning . 
Skin Disease . 
Ailing Hogs . 
St. John's-wort Poisoning. 
White Scours in Calves. 
Lack of Appetite. 
1585, 1588 
. 1588 
. 1588 
. 1590 
. 1590 
. 1590 
. 1591 
. 1593 
. 1593 
. 1593 
. 1593 
. 1593 
. 1593 
THE HENYARD 
Poultrymen Taking to Artificial Illumina¬ 
tion .1569, 1570 
Egg-laying Contest . 1597 
Chickens Poisoned . 1597 
HORTICULTURE 
Experience at Dusting Trees.1571, 1572 
Value of Apple Tree. 1572 
Western Beauty Apple. 1572 
Frosted Tomatoes . 1574 
Garden Notes from New England—Part I. 1574 
Commercial Fruits in Western New York— 
Part II.1576, 1578 
A Big Hydrangea and a Little Girl. 1577 
Preparing Chicory for a Coffee Substitute. 1577 
Securing Honey in Tree...'. 1577 
Manure for Strawberries. 1583 
Propagating Raspberries . 1583 
Notes from a Maryland Garden. 1583 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day. 1586 
The Rural Patterns. 1586 
A Massachusetts Vacation.1586, 1587 
Embroidery Designs . 1587 
Neglected Rural Graveyards. 1687 
Some Easily Digested Dishes. 1587 
MISCELLANEOUS 
What Ails the Gasoline Engine?. 1570 
Interstate Fair at Trenton, N. J. 1578 
Durability of Stucco. 1582 
Editorials . 1584 
Food and Market Investigation. 1585 
A Chance to Say “Yes” or “No”. 1585 
Piping Water to Kitchen. 1594 
Pumping from Driven Well. 1694 
Loosening Rusty Valve. 1594 
Wood Water Piping. 1594 
The Great Line Fence Problem. 1692 
Fencing by Railroad. 1592 
Buffalo Markets . 1695 
Publisher’s Desk . 1698 
Winter Vetch, Velvet Bean and Soy Bean 
for Soil Improvement 
When is the best time to sow Winter 
vetch, Spring or Fall, and at what time? 
IIow much per acre if sown alone? Is it 
best to sow alone, or to sow it with oats 
or rye, and which of the two is better to 
sow it with? If sown with oats or rye, 
how much of each per acre? After plow¬ 
ing land and before land is harrowed how 
would it do to sow lime air-slaked and 
then disk and harrow in well? How 
much lime per acre? After vetch and 
oats or vetch and rye is plowed under, 
would it be advisable to sow acid phos¬ 
phate, and disk and harrow in well? 
How much phosphate per acre? IIow 
about using velvet beans and also Soy 
beans in place of Winter vetch? This 
land I wish to plant to corn, following 
with oats, and seeding clover and Tim¬ 
othy. My laud lies near Farmville. Va., 
and the soil is half light loam and half red 
soil. w. A. P. 
Richmond, Va. 
Properly speaking “Winter vetch” is 
Vicia sativa, but (he vetch commonly 
sown, while it is a Winter crop, is known 
as Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa. This is 
best sown in August, or in the South not 
later than early September. Sown in 
Spring you would hardly see it till Fall. 
For the best hay sow it with oats. The 
Virginia Gray Winter oats are best in 
your section, l^o bu. of oats and half a 
bushel of vetch seed. It can also be sown 
with rye, but rye makes far poorer feed 
than oats. If the soil is acid, lime will 
be important, and as a rule, land in your 
section which has not been recently limed 
will be benefited by having 1.000 lbs. per 
acre of slaked lime well harrowed in, 
In land very deficient in humus or or¬ 
ganic decay it may pay at first to bury 
the crop as manure direct, but as a rule 
it is always better first to get the feeding 
value of the crop, for you can recover the 
larger part of the manorial value in the 
droppings of the stock, and return to the 
land which grew to the crop. Soy beans 
are sown in Spring, or rather in June. 
They can be well sown alone and in rows 
three feet apart and cultivated, and make 
a large amount of feed. The early va¬ 
rieties can be sown among corn broadcast 
at last working, but cow peas are better 
for that purpose. The vetch will reseed 
the land and come again in stronger force 
than before. If you are interested in 
wheat growing you would better keep the 
vetch off your farm, for it is almost im¬ 
possible to separate the seed from wheat. 
No variety of velvet beau will mature 
north of the extreme southeast corner of 
Virginia, where in a favorable season the 
Yokohama and the spotted variety may 
barely mature. Soy beans, cow peas and 
Crimson clover are the best crops for soil 
improvement in your section, the beans 
and peas as Summer crops followed by the 
clover as a Winter cover to be turned 
under for corn in Spring. I have seen 
a crop of OS 14 bu. of corn made over a 
30-acre field with a Crimson clover sod 
turned under and limed, and that on land 
that under the older system of cultivation 
made 25 bu. of corn an acre. 
W. F. MASSEY. 
“Western Beauty” and “Summer Rambo* 
Apples 
On the premium list for apples at the 
Indiana State Fair the varieties West¬ 
ern Beauty and Southern Rambo have 
been listed as synonymous. Nearly every 
year there are two distinct but similar 
varieties shown under this entry number, 
which has resulted in conflicting decisions 
by different judges and confusion to all 
exhibitors. Both varieties, as grown here, 
are r.t their prime about September 1. 
Both of these varieties run from large to 
very large in size, hhe larger one ap¬ 
proaching the size of the Wolf River and 
is similar to the old Rambo in color, the 
average specimen being almost covered 
with rather dull stripes. The other and 
smaller kind is easily as large as the 
Spy, but takes on a higher color, being 
striped with a livelier red and often over¬ 
spread with a solid blush over most of the 
surface. The “Apples of New York,” and 
all other accessible authorities, have been 
consulted, but none of them seems to be 
able to clear up the confusion. A few 
years ago, when Professor Van Deman 
judged the fruit exhibit at the fair, he 
ruled that Western Beauty and Summer 
Rambo were not synonymous, but distinct 
varieties, and that the smaller and higher- 
colored kind was Western Beauty, while 
the larger variety was Summer Rambo. 
Is any reader of The R. N.-Y. able to 
give any additional information about 
these two apples? F. M. 
Indiana. 
Value of an Apple Tree 
The Hope Farm man’s bargain with 
one of the Hope Farm boys, on page 1456, 
for the 20 apple trees, has interested me, 
and incidentally made me think about 
twice as much of my own orchard (in 
dollars) as I did before. Using your 
figures as a basis I would value the tree 
thus: 
Gross income of 12 trees, about. . .$100.00 
Gross income of 1 tree, about... 16.00 
Net income of 1 tree, about. 11.00 
This year the income is about double 
the average, so put average income at 
$5.50. Expectancy of tree 20 yrs. equals 
20x$5.50, or $110 (estimated value of 
tree). Your contract means about the 
same as a long lease, so estimated selling 
price per tree would be $55. That divides 
the profits about as a tenant would. Now 
no shrewd boy should pay more than one- 
quarter to one-half of an estimated value. 
This leaves the boy paying about $25 per 
tree. c. «. M. 
Virginia. 
At $25 per tree we have an acre well 
set in bearing orchard worth $1,050, since 
our trees are planted 32 feet each way. 
Would any business man pay that much 
and take the risk for 15 to 20 years? We 
would not have an acre of the best or¬ 
chard destroyed for that amount, yet, 
when you come to put up money on an 
investment, most people would hesitate— 
though it means less than $60 per year! 
We sold the trees to the boy at $10 each. 
They are worth more than that, and had 
the sale been made to an outsider—a 
dealer or packer—the price would have 
been $25. As it was, the wish to en¬ 
courage the boy and start him on a little 
business <»f his own had more to do with 
the contract than any attempt to make 
money out of it. Perhaps this is not the 
way to do business with boys. Perhaps 
we should charge them the same as we 
would a speculator, but we doubt the 
wisdom of that. At any rate we are glad 
to have an estimate as to the value of a 
good tree in bearing. 
The Pipeless Furnace 
Will the pipeless furnace heat more 
than one or two rooms, and is it generally 
satisfactory? There seems to be two 
styles, one having return dues under the 
floors for the cold air from registers near 
the outside of the house, and the other 
drawing cold air through the same reg¬ 
ister that furnishes heat. w. G. 
Litchfield, Conn. 
Pipeless, or one pipe, hot-air furnaces 
appear to be growing in popularity and 
giving entire satisfaction to those who 
are using them. I have had one in my 
own house for two years and there are 
a number of others in my neighborhood. 
There is no question as to their ability 
to heat distant rooms, though, of course, 
all intervening space must also be 
warmed. I do not consider them superior 
to furnaces of the ordinary type, which I 
have also used, but they possess advan¬ 
tage's over these when cellar space is 
limited or it is not practicable for any 
reason to carry an individual pipe to each 
room to be warmed. They are also much 
more easily installed. 1 have never seen 
the style of pipeless furnace having a 
cold-air register and flue independent of 
and distant from one supplying warmed 
air to the house, but the plan appears to 
me as very sensible; in fact, it has oc¬ 
curred to me independently as a quite 
possible improvement upon the original 
idea. M. b. d. 
Liming Soils in Winter 
Is an advisable Operation 
Use your short supply of Labor efficiently 
Write us for particulars regarding Winter 
Liming of Wheat to be Seeded to Clover 
in eariy Spring. 
The present shortage of labor .justifies con¬ 
sideration by the Farmer of the principle 
of Winter Liming. 
Our Snow Flake Hyrated Lime is almost 
100 per cent pure. Corrects sour soil at the 
minimum cost. Shipped in 50 lbs. Heavy 
Paper Sacks. 
READING CHEMICAL CO. 
Reading Pennsylvania 
P. S. Write for Booklet on Liming Soils in Winter 
insure protection against 
gnawing or girdling of 
trees by rabbits, mice and 
other rodents. Strong and 
sturdy: heavily galvan¬ 
ized to prevent rust. easily 
set up or removed; eco¬ 
nomical— costine little and 
lasting for years All sizes 
Write for Catalog R 
CLINTON-WRIGHT WIRE CO* 
Worcester, Mats. 
TREE PROTECTORS 
Protect your Trees from Rabbits and 
Mice. We offer a Protector at a little 
more than lc. each which affords per¬ 
fect protection. 
Write for description and prices 
CALL’S NURSERIES 
PERRY, LAKE CO., - - OHIO 
Your first thought “Always” 
When In need of a Wood Sawing Machine or Saw Mill •• The 
Ireland Line” which an* Bold on our personal guarantee, and 
will show you money returns for a ninall investment. When 
the coal dealer is getting high prices for coal you can get equal 
value for your wood which eventually will depreciate In quality. 
Our Motto: “Best Always.” 
Write to us If interested for circulars and prices. 
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO. 
Norwich 11-13 State St. New York 
.JOHN DKEltH PLOW CO., Distributors 
Syracuse, N. Y. Baltimore, Sid. 
For September and 
Fall planting. Pot- 
grown and runner 
plants that will bear fruit, next summer. AIbo KaSPBEKKY, 
itl.ACKBEKKV, DEWBERRY, GOOSEBERRY, 00 HR AH T, 
okapi:. ASi'AitAtU'S, it it rii a it it plants, kkuit ani> orna¬ 
mental treks. Nil Itr Its, for fall planting. Catalogue free. 
HARRY L. SQUIRES - GOOD GROl/ND. N. Y 
4-YR. ASPARAGUS ROOTS 
for anick results. S2.50 per 100; J12 per 1,000. 
HARRY L. SOU IRKS, Good Ground, N. Y. 
63 Acre Farm 
17 acres of orchard with 1,000 apple trees in good 
condition: 5 acres of woodland with considerable vir¬ 
gin growth: 2 acres grapes ($480 crop. 1919); 39 acres 
in balance of farm practically all tillable; basement 
bant 40x90 (capacity 19 cattle. 4 horses); electric 
light; city water; double house in fine condition (8 
rooms in one part and 6 in other); bathroom and wood- 
house; gas: lightning rod equipment, house and barn; 
two chicken houses (capacity 200), garage and large 
tool storage shed; silo in barn: team of horses: hay. 
oats, corn; 1 cow: 2 heavy wagons: power spray ma¬ 
chines; 10 ladders: tools for harvesting apples; and 
complete set of farm tools. All located lt\ village of 
Mayvillo, the comity seat of Chautauqua County, New 
York. This farm Is offered at a sacrifice price. In¬ 
vestigate at once. Chautauqua County Branch. Harri¬ 
son Real Estato Corporation, Westfield, New York. 
■wrr 
BB-b . . 
Build Up 
With Grape=Nuts 
Popular for its delightful 
flavor and because it furnishes 
certain food values neces¬ 
sary for building' the best 
in body and brain 
Users kNow by test 
“ There's a Reason ’ 
; 
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Wire Mesh 
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