1648 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 8, 1910 
Commercial Fruit Culture 
frame, 
called 
is 
a 
WATCH 
Facts You Should Know 
Before Selecting a Watch 
B etween the two supporting 
plates of a Waltham watch, 
which together constitute a 
mounted a system of gearing, 
Time Train. The reader has 
learned that the motive power of the 
watch is derived from the mainspring. 
At one extremity of the train is a hardened and 
tempered steel barrel (another Waltham crea¬ 
tion) which contains the mainspring. When the 
thumb and finger wind the mainspring, its stored 
energy is delivered to the next wheel in the train 
and from that to the next, and so on. 
This train consists of four wheels and pinions. 
The center wheel is in the exact center of the 
watch, and directly connected through the can¬ 
non pinion (so called because it is shaped like a 
cannon) with the wheels that control the hour 
and minute hands; and through this center 
wheel the power of the mainspring is carried 
onward through the other wheels of the train 
to the escape wheel pinion, which we will illus¬ 
trate in its proper place. 
The train of a Waltham watch — each wheel, each 
pinion — is cut to the fraction of a human hair 
— mechanically perfect, interchangeable for the 
serial watches they are made for — standardized 
in perfection, in absolute exactness and quality, 
made by machines tuned to infinitesimal gauge- 
fit and untouched by human hands. 
of the imported watch is made by the old 
It is not interchangeable, and it is of varying 
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The " train ' 
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This vital part of the Waltham watch is another of those 
reasons why the horologists of great nations came to Wal- 
tham for time, and why your watch selection should be a 
Waltham. 
Waltham placed America First in watchmaking. 
This story is continued in a beautiful booklet in which you will 
itr?i' b A Tal wa,ch education Sent free upon request. Waltham 
W atch Company, Waltham, Mass. 
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Best Apples to Plant 
The leading varieties of apples in this 
section of the Ozarks (Howell County, 
Mo.) are the following, especially in the 
more recently planted orchards: Jona¬ 
than, Stayman, Winesap, Delicious, 
Grimes Golden, for late Fall and "Winter, 
and Yellow Transparent. Liveland Rasp¬ 
berry. Wilson’s Red .Tune, Reuoni, as 
jearly sorts. In the older orchards are 
many Ren Davis, which, though now 
rarely planted, the owners claim is still 
making good as a dependable bearer and 
of good keeping qualities. When the 
writer purchased his present fruit farm, 
jwith an Elberta peach orchard as the lead¬ 
ing fruit project, a few years since, the 
varieties of apple trees then bearing, about 
125 in number, were Jonathan, Delicious, 
the two Winesaps—original and its seed¬ 
ling, Stayman’s—and Yellow Transpar¬ 
ent. I have increased these plantings, 
finding no fault in them unless a tendency 
in the Jonathan and Transparent to tree 
blight. I have also added to these Grimes 
Golden, Rome Beauty, King David, Win¬ 
ter Banana, Mammoth Black Twig. Wag- 
ener. Maiden Blush, Wealthy, Duchess, 
Liveland Raspberry and Wilson’s Red 
June, and believe from the experience of 
more extensive orchardists in the vicinity 
I have made no mistake in adding these 
well-knowu varieties. 
I am inclined to think that an apple 
grower in setting out an orchard too fre¬ 
quently is influenced by his own partiality 
for a variety as to taste, regardless of its 
adaptability to soil and climate, and finds 
later that this is an unreliable guide. If 
the writer had been thus governed in 
planting a new orchard there would have 
beeu in the selection a considerable 
“sprinkling” of those old. popular sorts, 
like Rhode Island Greening, Spitzenborg, 
Spy, Roxlniry Russet and others which 
appealed so strongly to his taste when a 
boy on an Eastern farm. But these old 
varieties, than which there are none bet¬ 
ter, according to the writer’s notion, be¬ 
come inferior Fall apples in this more 
southern and milder climate. We have 
! nothing to equal these Eastern-grown 
|Winter varieties, unless it be.Jonathan 
and Grimes Golden. Those who like a 
mildly sour apple would include Delicious. 
It is oue of the largest of our varieties, 
and the tree one of the most vigorous and 
perfect iu shape, being, like the Trans¬ 
parent, of upright growth, admitting cul¬ 
tivation close to the body of the tree. 
Howell Co., Mo. h. z. w. 
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Peaches for Western Pennsylvania 
On page 1492 is a question about 
[peaches iu Western Pennsylvania. I think 
your reply iu The R. N.-Y. very good for 
this section. We are located 12 miles 
[south of Pittsburgh, while your corre¬ 
spondent is 15 miles north. The peach 
game is mighty uncertain in this section, 
on account of winter-killing in the wood. 
The varieties that withstood the fierce cold 
I at blooming time last Spring and pulled 
through with a full crop are the follow¬ 
ing: Greensboro, Carman, Horton’s De¬ 
licious. Early Rivers. Champion, Belle and 
Salway; also Lemon Free; a partial crop 
on the Ede. Elberta and Stevens Rareripe. 
As C. G. does not want anything hut 
freestones, I would suggest the following 
list: White freestones, Belle and Stevens 
Rareripe. Stevens is a very fine large 
peach of good color and quality, a little 
later than Elberta, and is hardy. Yellow 
freestones, Elberta and Captain Ede of 
about the same season ; Lemon Free, a lit¬ 
tle later, and Sal way for late. We have a 
number of other varieties, as Niagara, a 
fine peach, but so far a shy hearer; the 
Crawfords, no good at all ; Mathews Beau¬ 
ty, same faults as Niagara; Banner, a 
pretty fair peach. A word about the 
Lemon I'Tce; we find it exceptionally 
hardy, but of poor appearance, and requir¬ 
ing severe thinning, as it is a pool’ grower. 
However, this fault can bo overcome by 
using plenty of nitrate of soda with acid 
phosphate. It i.s hard to sell until con¬ 
sumers once try it. We have quite a 
number of customers who will have noth¬ 
ing else for canning, as it is very line 
looking when canned and of much better 
quality than Elberta. We find apples and 
plums much more profitable than peaches 
here. We had one block of peach trees 
that were eight years from planting before 
they bore a full crop; that was a long run 
of bad years, however. Usually about two 
full crops and one or two partial crop 9 in 
five years. R. L. T. 
Library, Pa. 
I have read your reply to C. G. on page 
1492. Because of the unfavorable climate, 
peaches are a very uncertain crop, the 
buds being killed during the Winter. The 
only safe place to plant peach orchards is 
on the hilltops. II have seen many or¬ 
chards sterile simply because the trees 
were planted too low down on the hills. 
From my observation of well-cared-for or¬ 
chards in that county, 20x20 ft. is none 
too close for peaches, and in order to 
maintain level culture without ridges in 
the orchard, plowing must be done with a 
hillside plow, throwing the furrow up hill 
two years in succession, and one year 
down. The varieties mentioned are good, 
but C. G. will find that there will be years 
when he will not get many Elbertas be¬ 
cause of the tenderness of the buds. If I 
were planting peaches in Allegheny Coun¬ 
ty, a part of my orchard would be devot¬ 
ed to Lemon Free, as it will hear peaches 
more years than almost any other variety 
I know. I saw this variety bearing fruit 
in that county in 1912, the trees having 
gone through the severe freeze of the pre¬ 
vious Winter. The crop was light, but the 
owner had all he needed from the few 
trees he had for his own use on the table 
and for canning. p. t. BARNES. 
Penn. Dept, of Agriculture. 
As to peach varieties, etc., for this part 
of Pennsylvania (near Pittsburgh), I 
may be able to help C. G., page 1492. At 
present I have about 900 trees of bearing 
age. but the crops harvested are, as a rule, 
disappointing. For three years very few 
peach buds have survived the Winter. I 
would advise him to go pretty slow unless . 
he has a very favorble location. 
With me the Carman is a cling. It is 
hardy in hud and usually produces a fair 
crop when others fail, hut most of my trees 
will get the ax soon, because no one has 
any time for a cling peach in this market. 
I have not fruited ,T. H. Hale. Champion 
is partly cling, hut it is better than Car¬ 
man. I would not plant many. Niagara 
is no good; does not sot enough buds. 
Yellow St. John is a good quality peach, 
but rather tender skinned. Beer’s Smock 
does quite well, but the tree is weak. Sal- 
way is very good. It is quite hardy iu 
hud, a strong tree, am) on good soil the 
fruit is large and quite well colored. It 
is late ripening and it has to butt up 
against the shipped Elbertas from North¬ 
ern Ohio and New York in the Pittsburgh 
market. The other varieties named I liavo 
not fruited. There is no variety that 
quite equals Elberta for a main crop, and 
I would make this the principal variety. 
As to distance for planting, I would 
say not less than 20 ft. I would rather 
plant them 22 ft., or even 24 ft. If some¬ 
one could find for us a good variety that 
will stand our TV inters I am sure it would 
he worth a good deal to peach growing 
° ere * R. R. RANKIN. 
Allegheny Co.. Pa. 
Apples for Oklahoma 
As I have an orchard of about 25 va¬ 
rieties of apples that I am trying out. I 
have beeu very much interested in “Fruit 
Notes Irom Missouri.” The fruit, cata¬ 
logues contain a mine of information 
about the good qualities of the different 
varieties, but one must go to his own or¬ 
chard or to that of some other grower to 
learn their faults. I have the same trouble 
Mr. Johnson speaks of on page 1547 with 
Stayman cracking, only I have had the 
trouble every year, and from (>l) to 75 per 
cent of the apples are affected. But “with 
all thy faults I love thee still.” If there 
is any apple better to eat than Stayman 
it is one I have not tried. Mammoth 
Black Twig is similar in quality, hut docs 
not crack so badly, blotches worse, keeps 
better, takes longer to hear, colors better 
and perhaps will hear more fruit in the 
long run. I have more borers in Cham¬ 
pion than in all other varieties together. 
Wealthy and Wagener go to the brush 
pile this Winter. Blight, borers and hot, 
dry weather have already got. most of 
them, so I conclude that our Southwest¬ 
ern climate and conditions do not suit 
them. Winter Banana has blighted too 
much to be profitable; a big, showy apple, 
of very poor quality, that I would not 
advise anyone to plant except for display 
purposes. ciias. r. Stephens. 
LeFlore Co., Okla. 
Acid Phosphate on Strawberries 
Would it be all right to put acid phos¬ 
phate on my strawberry patch this Fall, 
or would it he better in the Spring, for 
next year’s crop of berries? J. R. 
Yes. You may not got as much from 
the acid phosphate as you would from 
Spring use, hut if the Fall is mild and 
open the phosphate may increase and 
strengthen the fruit buds for the next 
crop. Nitrogen should not hi* used on 
berries in the Fall, hut phosphate will 
not be lost. 
