1657 
Keep the Youno People on the Farm 
Sounds good, doesn’t it? It makes a 
good subject to expand upon, an especial¬ 
ly fine theme to use in giving the farmer 
his regular amount of advice. What 
does the phrase mean? Of course its 
meaning is perfectly obvious; keep the 
young people on the farm. Well, maybe 
that is the best way ; I notice if they are 
kept there they are more apt to stay 
there. There are several ways of keeping 
them, though. One of the surest ways is 
to give them only as much and of the 
kind of schooling that the law requires. 
The danger of different brauches of edu¬ 
cation among farmer boys is that they 
almost invariably seem to want to go 
where they can use what they have ac¬ 
quired. and if they only could not see 
there were openings for them they might 
perhaps be more easily kept on the farm. 
The successful farmer is usually the re¬ 
sult of a lifetime of study in the various 
branches from land to table. We all 
know the influence of good home sur¬ 
roundings that keep young folks content¬ 
ed, and that every family has its own 
ideas as to what it calls pleasure. It. ia 
the young people we are talking about; 
let’s say their ages are 15 to 25. Rasy 
enough keep a large family of those 
ages on a farm if the wherewithal is 
abundant. Not so easy if the farm is not 
all paid for and the young people want 
spending money, good clothes, good times 
and a chance to accumulate something 
toward their own individual start in 
life. That is where we come to the "peo¬ 
ple” part of our subject. One son and his 
father will work together, accumulating a 
start, where if several esons had to be 
provided for, it. would eventually come 
out that all but one, posibly, would have 
to rustle for themselves. In the case of 
the daughters, the family is rare indeed 
where they are any more easily supported 
than the sons. 
Now we come to the last word, farm. 
What is the definition of a farm, any¬ 
way? In order to fill the ordinary con¬ 
ception of the term it would seem it must 
needs be a place where tillable acres of 
good land abound, well watered and wood¬ 
ed, fenced and drained, with telephone, 
rural free mail delivery and good roads to 
nearby markets. Plenty of good horses 
to fill the part.s that the automobile and 
truck and tractor cannot do; plenty of 
good cows. Don’t forget the fowls, and 
be sure to have none but. purebreds. The 
place is not worth the name of farm if all 
kinds of small fruits are not there in 
abundance, to say nothing of a hundred 
apple trees, placed near enough to the 
house so that too many will not be gath¬ 
ered by auto raiders in the moonlight or 
busy daytime. The comfortable quarters 
for the hired man must be convenient, too, 
as well as all the barns, and as the mod¬ 
ern farm hand is somewhat particular as 
to his wages and the 1 ours of labor per 
day required of him, perhaps it would be- 
better to provide several. The problem 
for the farmer is not only to see how 
much he can raise, but what a margin he 
can discover over all costs of farming to 
get the ready cash which should be forth¬ 
coming, come drought or flood. The 
mother of course on this ideal farm is a 
model housekeeper, cook and entertainer. 
She always has time to raise a thousand 
or so of broilers for her pin money, and 
whirls away to the club in the long Sum¬ 
mer afternoons. But to come back to the 
young people on the farm. Is the farmer 
any more to be advised to teach his chil¬ 
dren to follow his footsteps than any 
other tradesman, just because the ad¬ 
visers want to be sure of their food? 
MRS. JOHN JAY. 
Child Labor on the Farm 
The following earnest words regarding 
farm children are taken from an address 
by Owen It. Lovejoy. secretary of the Na¬ 
tional Child Labor Committee, given in 
Bureau Publication No. (>0 (Separate No. 
2). Children’s Bureau. United States De¬ 
partment of Labor: 
Although approximately three-fourths 
of our working children are employed in 
agriculture, this is one of the most diffi¬ 
cult of all occupations to regulate. Farm 
work is undoubtedly harmful when accom¬ 
panied by exploitation as in tin' Colorado 
beet fields and the Southern cotton fields, 
and yet work about the home farm on a 
variety of occupations, or work for a 
neighbor, may be highly healthful and in¬ 
structive. The most serious objection to 
this form of work is that it almost in¬ 
variably tends to keep tin 1 child out of 
school for more or less of the short period 
that rural schools are in session. The 
child gradually falls behind his normal 
grade, one year, two years, or three years. 
He is both ashamed and bored at being 
forced to study with younger children on 
matters that are too elementary to hold 
his attention. Retardation leads to fur¬ 
ther retardation and to early dropping out 
altogether. 
The trouble suggests the cure. While 
it might bo unfair and would undoubtedly 
be quite impossible to enforce a law di¬ 
rected against the employment of children 
on farms, we can raise the educational 
standard in rural communities, and we 
must do so at once if we wish to retain 
our rural population and our agricultural 
soundness. The condition of our rural 
communities not only affects our social 
and civic institutions; it strikes at the 
very foundation of economic prosperity. 
Ten per cent of the rural population can¬ 
not read an agricultural bulletin, a thrift 
The RUrt AL NEW-YORKER 
appeal, a newspaper, the Constitution or 
their Bibles;, answer an incoihe tax ques¬ 
tionnaire; or keep business accounts. Sec¬ 
retary Lane says: "We spent millions of 
dollars in presenting to the country the 
reasons why we were at war, and more 
than 10 per cent, of the money that was 
spent was spent, fruitlessly, because the 
people who got the literature, who got 
the speeches, who got the appeals, could 
not understand one word that was writ¬ 
ten.” 
One thing that draws our boys to the 
city is the call of life and human inter¬ 
course and better facilities for knowledge. 
If we can in some manner endow our 
country schools with vitality, man them 
with teachers earning and getting living 
wages, introduce the spirit of community 
effort, and give scope for the instinct of 
workmanship, and if we can create and 
enforce adequate compulsory education 
laws, we shall have eliminated the worst 
evil of children’s employment in agricul¬ 
ture. We shall at the same time be build¬ 
ing up an educationally equipped and 
consciously effective agricultural and 
laud-minded population. 
Economical Cakes 
I saw a request for eggless cake and 
cookies. Here are some: 
Eggless Fruit Cake.—One cup sugar, 
two cups seeded raisins, one cup water, 
one-thirl cu shortening, one teaspoon 
cinnamon, one-fourth nutmeg, one-half 
teaspoon salt. Boil together for three 
The Rural Patterns 
In ordering always give number ol pattern 
and size desired, sending price with order 
9259. Baby Dell's Outfit: IS, 22 and 2G 
inches high. Price ID cents. 
9049. Doll's Bath Kobe and Pajamas; 
18, 22 and 2t> inches high. Price ID cents. 
minutes, cool and add one teaspoon soda, 
one-half teaspoon baking powder sifted 
with two cups of flour. This makes a nice ' 
loaf to bake in a bread tin. 
Chocolate Loaf Cake.—One cup sugar, 
one cup sour milk, two tablespoons cocoa, 
three tablespoons shortening, one teaspoon 
baking powder sifted in two cups flour, 
one-half t- aspoon soda, one-half teaspoon 
salt, one-half teaspoon vanilla. 
Molasses Cake.—One cup molasses or 
one-half cup sugar and one-half cup mo¬ 
lasses. on -half cup shortening, one-half 
cup hot water, one teaspoon soda, one tea¬ 
spoon spice, one-half teaspoon salt, one 
teaspoon baking powder; flour to make a 
*riff batter. Fruit and nuts may be added. 
Oat Flake Crackers.—Two cups oat 
flakes, two cups flour, one-half cup short¬ 
ening. one-fourth cup sugar, one-fourth 
teaspoon salt, one-fourth teaspoon soda. 
R ib together; add one-half cup water, 
roll about like pie crust, cut in squares 
and brown in a quick oven. Be sure to 
brown or they are not good. By rolling 
and spreading half with peanut butter or 
raisins, or both, you will have a very 
good fruit cookie. 
Soft Molasses Cookies.—Add one and 
one-half teaspoon soda to one cup mo¬ 
lasses and beat thoroughly; then add one 
cup sour milk, one-half cup shortening, 
one teaspoon ginger, one teaspoon cinna¬ 
mon, one teaspoon salt, enough flour to 
make the mixture of the right consistency 
to drop easily from cud of spoon. Let 
stand in cool place until thoroughly 
chilled; toss half of mixture at a time ou 
floured board, roll to one-fourth inch, bake 
on buttered paper. mrs. c. s. 
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Q7ie instrument specially made 
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That is the way for you to hear in your own 
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Victors and Vic- 
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Write us for cata¬ 
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"Victrola” i* * the 
Registered Trademark 
of the Victor Talking 
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Famous Restaurant Combination 
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