1678 
November 1', lino 
1 Jhe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
And How to Avoid Them 
Why do so many experienced 
farmers fail to make the most of their 
opportunities—fail to gather in the 
full profit their farm offers them? 
It’s because they haven’t learned the 
methods used by men who average, 
per acre, 90 bushels of corn, 2 bales 
of cotton, 50 bushels of wheat, 85 
bushels of oats, and other crops 
equally good. Most farmers make 
costly little mistakes that cut into their farm profits—mistakes that 
they would instantly know how to avoid if they took heed of the ex¬ 
perience of others. The wonderful new discoveries and results achiev¬ 
ed by experts thru new methods many farmers ignore—and one year 
plays “follow master” after the other, doing the same things, the 
same way, with the same results. 
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The Farmer His 
Own Builder 
By H. Armstrong Roberts 
A practical and 
handy book of all 
kinds of building 
information from 
concrete to carpen¬ 
try. Pi’ice $1.50. 
For sale by 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 W. 30th St., N. Y. 
SIXTY ACRE ESTATE 
"SPRING LAKE” FARM. Broclon, New York-FOR SALE 
Beautifully parked, native foreign trees, and shrubbery. 
Large lily pond, springs and creek. Elaborate dwelling: 
good out buildings. 60 acres. Vineyard and apple 
orchard covering 16 acres ; many varieties of other fruit. 
Spring and well water. Close railroad connections, l ine 
view of Lake Erie. Thousands of dollars placed in 
elaborate park of great beauty; trees from all over the 
world. A real opportunity. Chautauqua County Branch, 
Harrison Real Estato Corporation, Tonnant and 
Whitney, Mars., Westfield, New York 
C1DM <JTATIflNCRY Printed to order. Full line of sam- 
■ A ft III u I A I 1UII til I pies fur any business, with pariic- 
ulars, postpaid, free. A. HOWIE, Printer, Beebe, Vt. 
Shetland Poniesif«. KSf.; 
herd in biggest Shetland Producing County iu U .S. 
MANURE IS DEFICIENT IN 
PHOSPHORUS 
WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS COSTING ABOUT DOUBLE 
THE USUAL PRICE MAKE VOUR MANURE GO AS FAR 
AS POSSIBLE BY REINFORCING IT WITH 
BARIUM-PHOSPHATE 
ANALYSING 
16% Phosphoric Acid 7% Barium Sulphide 
MANURE IS NO MORE A COMPLETE RATION 
FOR CORN THAN HAY IS FOR A COW 
The addition of Phosphorus to manure, in the form of Barium-Phosphate, will payjas well as 
feeding grain with hay. 
A few pounds of B-P scattered each day in the gutters of your cow barn will 
DOUBLE THE VALUE OF VOUR MANURE 
BV ITS ADDITION OF PHOSPHORUS 
It is the sensible and logical thing to do. 
WHY DON 9 T YOU DO IT? 
We will deliver Barium-Phosphate anywhere In New York, New Jersey and most New 
England points at the following prices: 
CARLOADS, 20 TONS OR MORE $21.50 A TON 
LESS CARLOADS, 1 TON OR MORE 23.50 A TON 
Write for our book “Phosphorus and Manure” 
Witherbee, Sherman & Company, Inc. 
2 Rector Street, New York City 
Commercial Fruit Culture 
The Northwestern Greening Apple 
I notice in the recent discussions upon 
varieties of fruit for commercial planting, 
by various correspondents, that consider¬ 
able attention is given to the Northwest¬ 
ern Greening apple. With us the North¬ 
western Greening is a very attractive 
fruit, being particularly large and green 
upon young trees, which are just coming 
into bearing. There is considerable varia- 
biity in the size of the fruit, and the 
smaller specimens are usually more yel¬ 
low in color, often being faintly blushed. 
It is generally considered to be a good 
baking apple, perhaps because the flesh is 
rather corky, and causes the fruit to hold 
its shape well through the baking process. 
Frequently there are specimens of “water- 
cored” fruit, similar to that which some¬ 
times occurs in the King, and this of 
course is an objection. The quality, flavor, 
and juiciness is certainly much inferior 
to that of Rhode Island Greening. The 
fruit ripens a few days later than Rhode 
Island Greening. Evaporator men have 
told me that a good quality of yellow 
dried stock can be made from this variety. 
The tree bears well, but not at an 
earlier date or more abundantly than 
Rhode Island trees of the same age. 
During the Winter of 1D17-1S the trees 
appeared to be a little less hardy than 
Rhode Island, and patches of frozen and 
killed bark, especially at crotches, are 
quite frequent. Tpon the New York mar¬ 
ket the “A” grade fruit usually sells at 
about 50c per barrel under the “A” grade 
Rhode Island; but the “B” grade usually 
sells for slightly more than “B” grade 
Rhode Island. 
Perhaps the greatest objection to the 
Northwestern from the grower’s stand¬ 
point is the trouble from splitting of the 
tree and limbs. The wood is very straight¬ 
grained, and in spite of propping up, 
cross-wiring of limbs, etc., the results 
from this cause are very disastrous to the 
tree. Even where the trees have no fruit 
an ordinary wind here on the lake shore 
will blow large limbs out of them. In 
this respect they split down about as 
badly as the old Smock peach tree, and 
this is the worst variety of apples that we 
have from this standpoint. This one ob¬ 
jection is sufficient reason for me, at least, 
to discontinue planting this variety com¬ 
mercially. CHAS. WM. WILBOK. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
Trees from Distant Nurseries 
^ Would apple or peach trees grown in 
New l’ork nurseries do as well here as 
trees grown in New Jersey or farther 
south? I have been told that the fruit 
will ripen earlier on trees grown in a 
New York nursery than trees grown in 
New Jersey or farther south. I wish to 
put out 1,500 peach trees. j. D. c. 
Pedrlbktown, N. J. 
We have planted trees that were grown 
all the way from Canada to Florida and 
never could see any difference in the 
same grade of tree. If the tree is well 
grown and vigorous, free from disease 
and insects, and the wood well ripened 
in Fall, we do not care where it is grown. 
Asparagus, Raspberries and Black¬ 
berries 
1. I have a quarter acre of asparagus, 
about 10 years old, planted in rows. I 
want to have an acre. Can I use the 
roots from this 10-year plot, or must I 
buy younger roots? Can I take up these 
roots in the Spring and transplant, or 
would I better take them up this Fall 
and keep them in storage until Spring? 
How large a root is to be used? 2. We 
have a bed of St. Regis raspberries, a 
row of perhaps 100 feet. We wish to 
exteud these to two rows of about 200 
feet each. How shall we proceed? 3. 
We have a small bed of probably wild 
blackberries, which yielded well of large 
berries. We wish to put two rows, of 
these alongside our raspberries. How do 
we do it? c. H. M. 
New Haven, Conn. 
1. You will have to purchase young 
plants, ns the 10-year-old plants you have 
would be altogether too old for trans¬ 
planting. Most of the successful growers 
of this vegetable prefer good one-year-old 
plants to older ones, as they can be dug, 
handled and transplanted with the least 
danger to the roots, and besides they 
usually start off more readily and vigor¬ 
ously than older plants. Spring is the 
best time to plant them. 
2. All red raspberries throw up w’hat 
are known as root sprouts in greater or 
lesser abundance. These are used to a 
great extent for the purpose of establish¬ 
ing new plantations. One-year-old sprouts 
are best suited for making new plantings. 
For horse cultivation the plants should 
not be less than 2^ to three feet apart 
in the row, and the rows about six feet 
apart, but in the home gardens where 
hand cultivation is employed exclusively 
the plants may be set somewhat closer in 
the rows, and the rows not so far apart, 
but in no case should the plants be closer 
than two feet apart in the row, nor the 
rows closer than four feet apart. 
3. Use the one-year-old root sprouts of 
blackberries same as with the raspber¬ 
ries, only they should be at least one foot 
farther apart each way. Spring will be 
the best time for planting in your lati¬ 
tude. K. 
A Cover Crop for Berries 
I read some time ago about the Hudson 
River strawberry growers sowing Kafir 
corn broadcast in late Summer, so that 
this growth will take the place of mulch, 
thus saving thorn the labor and expense 
of hauling mulch to cover their strawber- 
ries._ I would like to know somewhat in 
detail the method of doing it. c. ii. 
YYe never heard of this plan of using 
Kafir corn before and do not believe it is 
being done successfully. We have raised 
crops of Kafir corn in the lower part of 
the Hudson Valley, hut the seed was 
planted in May. In the strawberry bed 
such cover crop seed could not he planted 
until late August or early September, far 
too late for much growth. We have used 
oats, millet and what are called Winter 
or turf oats for this purpose. In a late 
and moist season these crops make a fair 
growth and mat down over the berry 
Plants. The plan reads well, but is at 
best only a poor substitute for a mulch of 
coarse manure or cornstalks. 
Opalescent and Paragon Apples 
Vi hat are the good and bad qualities of 
the two following apples, Opalescent and 
Paragon i In one of the nursery cata¬ 
logues I have the Opalescent is classed as 
a W inter apple, from December to 
March. Is this true? I have always sup¬ 
posed it was a Fall apple, about the same 
as McIntosh. e. f. g. 
Woonsocket, R. I. 
The Opalescent is a large bright red 
apple which ripens at about the same sea¬ 
son as McIntosh in New Jersey. Here it 
is an early Fall apple. Grown farther 
North it could probably be kept until 
early Winter. Here it is likely to blight 
badly ; otherwise it would be a very prom¬ 
ising commercial apple. 
The Paragon is a dark red apple which 
can be kept late in the Winter. Paragon, 
Mammoth Black Twig and Arkansas are 
regarded by some as one and the same ap¬ 
ple, and are so distributed to a consid¬ 
erable extent, so that we have types of 
fruit varying from very large rather flat 
apples to medium-sized fruits, shaped 
somewhat like the old Winesap. The Par¬ 
agon is quite a popular Winter apple in 
Central and Southern New Jersey. M. b. 
New Jersey. 
Field Mice in Orchards 
We find an army of mice in our 
orchards. They attack the trees above 
ground, and also gnaw off the roots be¬ 
low ground. How can we fight them? 
J. s. 
Indications are that field mice will be 
very damaging this Fall and Winter in 
orchards. The grass and weeds should 
be removed from about each fruit tree 
to a distance of about two feet. If the 
ground seems to be honeycombed by the 
runs, or burrows of the mice, the soil 
should he dug away a short distance out 
from the tree. Then paint the trunk and 
main roots, as far as they are exposed, 
with a thick paint, made by adding lime 
to commercial lime-sulphur solution, until 
the desired consistence is secured. After 
this material has dried, hoe or shovel the 
soil back around the base of the tree, pack¬ 
ing it firmly. _ Mound the tree to a height 
of 3o or IS inches for protection during 
the Winter when snow is on the ground. 
W ire. paper, or wooden guards can be 
substituted for the earth mound, but they 
should extend close to, or just under the 
surface of the ground. Guards or mound¬ 
ing can be used alone, and many seasons 
they provide adequate protection, but 
where mice are very troublesome, would 
advise the use of the wash in addition. 
S. P. HOLLISTER. 
Connecticut Agricultural College. 
