i ,;n»5i 
November 22, 1919 
' 9 > ? y.' r > "'V ? ; ■ 
1730 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
I N DAIRIES like that of the Hershey Chocolate Com¬ 
pany where feed is fed not by chance but by test of 
the milk produced per pound of feed, Union Grains 
ranks first. Dairyrecords show that Union Grains increases 
the milk flow to the paying point and keeps it there. 
UNION GRAINS 
is a rich, highly concentrated feed. It contains 24% pro¬ 
tein, 5% fat, and only 10% fibre. Nutritive ratio 1:2.8. It 
was the first dairy feed made and has been the standard 
of quality for 17 years. Measured by the milk pail it is 
the most economical ration known in dairyland. 
Ubiko Stock Feed. A balanced carbohydrate ration. Builds flesh and 
strength. Makes healthy horses, mules, sheep and hogs. Made of hominy, 
oat feed, wheat bran, middlings, ground barley, linseed meal and salt. 
Ubiko Buttermilk Egg Mash. Makes eggs in abundance because it con¬ 
tains all the essentials in the correct proportion. An excellent mash. 
Ubiko Buttermilk Growing Mash. Little chicks soon become big chicks 
on this ration—it makes them strong and keeps them healthy. IS % protein. 
Ubiko Pig Meal. Produces more pork in a shorter time. A remarkable 
growing feed. Send for sample and full description. 
Let us send you milk and egg record sheets 
on which to keep track of your costs. 
THE UBIKO MILLING CO. Dept. R Cincinnati, Ohio 
That is what the portable Perfection 
Oil Heater means. During cold 
snaps—when and wherever extra 
heat is wanted—it provides glowing 
warmth at the stroke of a match. 
Perfection is clean, safe, odorless, 
economical—burns 10 hours on a 
gallon of Socony kerosene. Easily 
fdled and re-wicked. No ashes— 
no dirt. Over 3,000,000 in use. 
Use SoCOny kerosene for best results. 
STANDARD Oil, 
COMPANY 
OF NEW YORK 
PERFECTION 
Oil Heaters f? 
A Snug Home 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
From Truck Farming to Dairy 
My brother has a truck farm. He is 
thinking of changing over to a dairy 
proposition. The only water he can get 
is by sinking a well. The water is very 
hard. I understand cattle do not do as 
well on this hard water as though they 
had access to brooks and lakes. Is this 
so? Is there any system that will im¬ 
prove the quality of the water? Is 8.000 
lbs. of milk per year too high to expect 
a herd of purebred Guernseys of high 
producing ancestry to give on an average? 
Rhode Island. . it. F. 
If the farm in question was of average 
production, and well suited to the grow¬ 
ing of those crops necessary to feeding 
dairy cows, I should certainly not aban¬ 
don my wishes simply because the only 
water supply would be from an artesian 
well. As a matter of fact, I prefer well 
water to any other supply for dairy cows, 
inasmuch as it is much less likely to be 
contaminated with surface drainage, and 
one always can depend upon the supply of 
water if he is fortunate enough to sink 
a good well. As far as the water is con¬ 
cerned, there is no data that would lead 
us to believe that that derived from 
lakes and brooks is better than from a 
sunken well. As to your second question, 
one ought to secure 8,000 lbs. of milk 
during the lactation period from grade 
Guernseys that have been carefully se¬ 
lected. Yet you must remember that au 
S.000-lb. average is considerably above 
that produced by many Guernseys, or 
even by mixed herds of dairy cattle. It 
is a very good standard to tie to, and if 
it is obtained it is an evidence of good 
management. The average production 
from graded herds is less than 5.000 lbs. 
Feeding Dry Cow 
I am told that some grains are not 
suitable to feed a cow in calf, as they 
are heating and will cause the calf to 
grow so large as to endanger the life of 
the cow at its birth. They feed wheat 
bran and chop here, if they have it. If 
not. they feed only roughage, as they say 
they would rather have the cow a little 
thin at calving time. About a year ago 
The R. N.-Y. had something to say about 
wheat bran and middlings causing the 
calf to be weak, but I have never seen 
anything about corn or cottonseed. If 
those feeds are wrong, what should the 
cow he fed at that time, and is it best 
to have the cow fat or thin? Some say 
never to dry a cow off. but to milk her 
right up to the time unless she goes dry 
herself. They say if you dry her off a 
month before that the next time she be¬ 
comes fresh she will go dry herself at 
least tiro months. H. J. w. 
Virginia. 
There is no basis in fact for the sug¬ 
gestion of certain feeds endangering or 
modifying the dimensions of the unborn 
calf. It is true that excessive amounts 
of cottonseed meal, gluten meal, or any 
other highly concentrated protein feed, 
when fed by itself, or in excess, will 
cause a derangement of the digestive sys¬ 
tem, and instances have been noted where 
abortion has resulted from this practice. 
There is nothing better for a dairy cow 
due to freshen than equal parts of ground 
oats, ground corn and wheat bran, to 
which has been added 10 per cent of oil 
meal. This is a very safe combination, 
and will enable the cow to gain strength 
and improve in condition and to approach 
her normal flow of milk in regular order. 
Wheat bran serves a useful purpose for 
breeding animals, inasmuch as it supplies 
ash and mineral matter in desirable form, 
and in addition furnishes bulk and certain 
of the phosphates in correct combination. 
I should not use it exclusively, however, 
in any ration, but always in combination 
with oats, corn or hominy. 
The practice of maintaining dry cows 
exclusively on roughage during their dry 
period has no virtue, and it is not fol¬ 
lowed by any dairyman or stock producer 
who is on to his job. A dairy cow should 
freshen in good condition and she cannot 
put on flesh without the use of grain or 
good pasture. 
As to the feasibility of milking a cow 
close up to the time she freshens, this is 
a very harmful practice. For the best 
results the milch cow should have from 
four to eight weeks of rest period, aud it 
is known that if dry cows are properly 
cared for during this period, they will 
more than make up for this vacation 
when they freshen in good order. Of 
course persistent milkers are dried off 
with much difficulty, but where the grain 
is denied them and where their daily feed 
is reduced even to the starvation point 
little trouble prevails. I have never 
known a cow that could not be dried off 
provided she was taken in hand in due 
time and where great care was experi¬ 
enced in feeding and caring for her. 
Usually six to eight weeks is considered 
the most desirable length for the dry 
period with cows known to be persistent 
milkers and above the average producers. 
Rye for Cows 
We are making milk from grade Hol- 
steins. Cow grains cost 3%c per lb. We 
have rye and can get only 2y 2 c per lb. 
(’an you give a balanced ration for milch 
cows with rye in? c. A. w. 
New York. 
You neglected to state what roughages 
or concentrates you had on baud, men¬ 
tioning only rye, worth on the market 
2^0 per lb. It will be noted from ex¬ 
periments that rye is very apt to be musty 
and hence not palatable, and furthermore, 
it lacks keeping qualities that are very 
essential in mixed rations for dairy cows. 
It should be stated, however, that rye is 
almost equal in feeding value to corn. 
As far as its carbohydrate value is con¬ 
cerned. 100 lbs. of rye cannot replace 100 
lbs. of corn in a ration for milking ani¬ 
mals. I should prefer to sell the rye at 
2 y 2 c per lb. or to use it to feed pigs rather 
than use it in a ration for milch cows. 
However, the following combination would 
give good results: 100 lbs of beet pulp, 
200 lbs. of ground oats, 200 lbs. of ground 
i*ye, 200 lbs. of buckwheat middlings, 200 
lbs. of glutenmeal and 200 lbs. of corn 
and cob meal. 
Ration for Cows and Pigs 
Would you kindly balance a ration for 
me for dairy cows from the following? 
I have ground wheat, ground rye aud 
cobmeal. and can get gluten and oilmen], 
fair clover hay and cornstalks. Would 
like a ration out of the three grains I 
have with tankage, which I can buy, for 
eight-weeks-old pigs and brood sows 
New Jersey. a. b. e. 
With ground wheat, ground rye and 
corn and cob meal as a basis, I would 
add the two feeds you have mentioned, 
namely, gluten aud oilmeal in the follow¬ 
ing proportions: 200 lbs of ground wheat, 
150 pounds of ground rye, 300 lbs. of corn 
and cob meal, 200 lbs. of gluten, 200 lbs. 
oilmeal. As a basis for feeding pigs, use 
100 lbs. of ground rye, 200 lbs, of either 
shelled corn or ground cornmeal, to which 
I should add 10 per cent of digester tank¬ 
age. I would not use the corn and cob 
meal in a ration for pigs, as it is too 
coarse and bulky and not easily digested. 
I should let the pigs have access to some 
of the clover hay, as this will materially 
improve the ration and regulate the diges¬ 
tive organs. 
Ground Wheat for Middlings 
We are handicapped considerably iu 
this vicinity to secure a good grade of 
flour middlings, and what is the possibility 
of substituting whole wheat, finely ground, 
for the poor middlings we pay $3.85 for, 
and bran, $2.70 per 100 lbs? We want 
to use the following ration we have been 
feeding our hens for some time: 200 lbs. 
bran, 100 lbs. flour middlings, 100 lbs. 
cornmeal, 1 (X) lbs. gluten. 100 lbs. ground 
oats. 75 lbs. beef scrap. What is the 
practicability of using the grain wheat 
ground as fine as possible, and how should 
tl e above ration be revised to do so? 
o. if. 
The practical results of replacing wheat 
middlings in your mash with the entire 
gtain ground would be to reduce the rela¬ 
tive amount of protein iu your ration, 
and correspondingly to increase the pro¬ 
portion of carbohydrate, or fat-forming 
elements. This could be compensated for 
by increasing the proportion of relatively 
high protein feed, like the gluten. Your 
present mash has a nutritive ratio of 
1 :‘\5. that is, 1 lb. of protein to 3% lbs. 
of carbohydrates. By substituting ground 
wheat for the middlings and doubling the 
amount of gluten feed, the ratio would 
become 1:3.6. By adding 25 lbs. of meat 
scrap to the latter formula the ratio would 
become 1:3.4. These slight changes in the 
nutritive ratio are wholly immaterial, and 
are given only to show the effects of sub¬ 
stitution on the nutritive values of the 
different combinations. M. b. d. 
