1800 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 6, 1910 
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Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Ration for Cows and Calves 
1. I wish a ration for milch cows. I can 
buy most any kind of feed here and will 
have corn-and-cob meal. For roughage 
I have enough Alfalfa for one feeding a 
day and mixed hay for the other. 2. Can 
you give me a method of raising calves 
with as little milk as is practical? 
New York. w. F. w. 
1. I take it that you do not have any 
'ilage, and that the only home-grown ma¬ 
terials you have at hand are corn-and-cob 
meal with Alfalfa and mixed hay for 
roughage. I would suggest, therefore, 
the following concentrates: 300 lbs. of 
corn-and-cob meal; 200 lbs. of ground 
oats; 200 lbs. of buckwheat, or buckwheat 
middlings; 200 lbs. of cottonseed, or 
gluten meal; 100 lbs. of wheat bran; 50 
lbs. of oilineal. This mixture should be 
fed in proportion to the production of the 
individual cows. One yielding 30 lbs. of 
four per cent milk per day would be en¬ 
titled to 10 lbs. of this grain ration, and 
in addition should be given all of the 
hay that she would consume twice daily. 
While this combination may be relatively 
expensive, you will find it superior to any 
of the purchased mixtures fed that con¬ 
tain a great deal of undigestible materials. 
2. Y’ou did not state whether you have 
Holstein or Jersey calves, but assuming 
that you have the black and whites, 1 
would suggest that they be taken from the 
cow when they are two days old, started 
with 5 lbs. of new milk per day, increas¬ 
ing this at the rate of a half pound a 
day until they are consuming a maximum 
of 7 qts. I would continue them on new 
milk until they are two weeks old. then 
would gradually replace oue pound of the 
new milk with one pound of the skim- 
milk, until at the end of 10 days or two 
weeks they would be on a full ration of 
skim-milk, and would not show any bad 
results in the change. For a grain ration 
I would use the following: 100 lbs. of 
wheat middlings; 100 lbs. of ground oats, 
or oatmeal; 50 lbs. of wheat bran ; 50 lbs. 
of oilmeal; 25 lbs. of cornmeal, or hominy. 
Keep a limited amount of this feed be¬ 
fore the calves at all times, and encourage 
them to eat as much Alfalfa hay as pos¬ 
sible. This is accomplished by keeping 
the mangers clean and the feed boxes 
sweet and sanitary, and allowing them 
to have access to salt and water at ail 
tmics. 
Ration Without Silage 
Will you give me a ration for grade 
Jerseys and Guernseys? Have been feed¬ 
ing dairy feed, have only cornstalks and 
mixed hay (rather late cut), for rough- 
age. no roots or silage. I would like it 
without cottonseed if possible. j. L. 
Connecticut. 
Assuming that you have a generous 
amount of dairy feed, without any home- 
grown materials, and with only corn¬ 
stalks and mixed hay for roughage, with¬ 
out roots or silage, I would suggest the 
following ration for grade Jerseys and 
Guernseys : 300 lbs. dairy feed ; 200 lbs. 
coru-and-cob meal; 150 lbs. gluten meal; 
50 lbs. oilmeal. Some very excellent re¬ 
ports have been submitted resulting from 
the use of this dairy feed containing pos¬ 
sibly as much as 25 per cent of beet pulp 
It is unfortunate that you do not have 
silage, yet this combination will give good 
results. The addition of 100 lbs. of 
ground oats will improve, and if you are 
fortuuate enough to have them or can 
secure them locally, at a cost not to ex¬ 
ceed 75c per bu., they should be included 
in this combination. 
Handling Family Cow 
I have had practically no experience 
with cows. A year ago we bought a 
family cow. She is a grade Guernsey 
and Jersey, rather heavy. She had one 
calf, and last March G had her second. 
She was bred to come fresh about Feb¬ 
ruary 2 next. Her production on what 
I might call ordinary feeding was, shortly 
after freshening, about 10 quarts daily. 
This gradually reduced until the latter 
part of September, when she was giving 
about eight quarts, and this morning 
(November 6) I started milking her once 
a day, her production being about two 
ouarts or a little better. She is about 
3% years old. Her cream and milk now 
gets bitter after standing 2-t hours. But¬ 
ter-fat averages between 4.3 and 4.5. It 
strikes me that a good cow should not. 
go dry this soou before calving. I had 
hoped we could milk her up until at least 
six weeks before freshening. We bought 
her October 20, 1918, when she was in 
poor condition ; did not milk her up closer 
than at present, but attributed this to the 
poor attention and feed she had received. 
She is now in fine condition, fat and 
plump, and a good looking grade. 
Dayton, O. E. c. H. 
There is a great variation in the lac¬ 
tation period of milch cows. Usually one 
prefers that they should enjoy a dry 
period ranging from six to eight weeks 
It is not uncommon, however, for cows 
carrying a considerable amount of flesh 
to go dry for as long as three or four 
months, and of course such cows ai’e not 
a profitable kind to keep in a progressive 
dairy. The persistent milkers inherit 
this quality, and there is very little that 
can be done in the way of feeding and 
management that will make it possible 
to continue the milk flow over a longer 
period of time. Naturally feeds rich in 
carbohydrates, such as corn, oats, buck¬ 
wheat and middlings are likely to result 
iu the putting on of a considerable 
amount of flesh, and it has been my 
observation that cows, naturally inclined 
to carry an abundance of flesh, are likely 
to go dry over a longer period than pre¬ 
vails with individuals that show more of 
the wedge shape conformation, and that 
are generally believed to represent a more 
productive dairy type. I doubt whether 
any changes that might have been made 
iu your feeding ration would have ma¬ 
terially modified the length of her dry 
period. She may make up for this long 
vacation period when she freshens, and I 
would feed her generously during the en¬ 
tire dry period, letting her calve iu good 
flesh. 
Irregular Breeding; Ration Questions 
1. I have a cow that fails to get with 
calf. Do you consider such a cow profit¬ 
able? 2. What would be a good ration 
with corn silage that is well matured, 
the feeds being cottonseed meal, ground 
oats, gluten and bran, or mixed feed? 
The cows do not freshen until iu January 
and February. They are nearly all Jer¬ 
seys. What would be a good ration for a 
eow that is dry? k. s. b. 
Pennsylvania. 
1. It is not profitable to keep in your 
herd a cow that, is au irregular breeder. 
A number of reasons might be given for 
this condition, but uoue of them justifies 
the maintenance of such an animal iu the 
herd. As soon as she finishes her flush 
flow of milk and begins to put on flesh I 
would beef her. 
2. Given corn silage in abundance I 
Would suggest the following combination 
from the materials mentioned: Ground 
oats, 300 lbs; gluten, 300 lbs.; bran, 100 
lbs.; cottonseed meal, 100 lbs.; hominy or 
cornmeal, 300 lbs. Feed all the silage 
the cows will consume twice daily ; this 
will vary from 25 to 35 lbs. I would 
feed this mixture to milking cows. These 
cows that are dry should be given the 
following mixture: 300 lbs. corn or hom¬ 
iny ; 100 lbs. ground oats; 300 lbs. bran; 
100 lbs. gluten. A cow weighing 1,000 
lbs. in fair flesh should receive from 
7 to 10 lbs. of this mixture. Unless I 
had an abundance of silage I would not 
feed it to dry cows, preferring the grain 
ration suggested with the addition of 
clover or Alfalfa hay for roughage. 
Stale Bread and Skim-milk for Pigs 
I have some five-weeks-old pigs; can 
get sour milk at 3% cents per quart, and 
stale bread for nothing. Would vou ad¬ 
vise feeding this, and what could'I add? 
I must purchase all feed except shelled 
corn- x. Y. z. 
New Jersey. 
You could well afford to pay 3% cents 
for skim-milk or buttermilk for use iu 
feeding young pigs over 10 weeks of age. 
While the analysis of stale bread is al¬ 
ways identical with wheat middlings, 
nevertheless one pound of the stale bread 
is not equal in feeding value to the wheat 
middlings. I would suggest, therefore, 
that in addition to the skim-milk and 
stale bread you feed some cornmeal and 
ground oats mixed in proportion to six 
parts of cornmeal and flour parts of 
ground oats. A five-weeks-old pig weigh¬ 
ing approximately 20 lbs. should be fed 
one-half pound of this mixture daily, in 
addition to the stale bread and skim-milk. 
