1816 
Wtt RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 1.3, 1919 
Winter Work for Ohio Apple Growers 
Some people think the apple growers 
get through with their work when the 
apple crop is harvested and delivered, 
but they, with lots of people in other 
lines of work, knowing nothing about the 
conditions of workers in other trades or 
professions, and thinking others do not 
have to slave as they themselves have to, 
are very much mistaken. The busy and 
up-to-date fruit-gfower can find some¬ 
thing to do the year ’round if he wants 
to, and if he does not do some tall hust¬ 
ling a good part of the year he will find 
he is behind with his work and will never 
catch up with his pruning, cleaning, up, 
etc. 
Every year some trees die and must be 
cut out, and the brush hauled out, for it 
is usually dangerous to burn it in an 
orchard, especially one in sod. On our 
hills sprouts come up every year, and 
must be cut out, and briers also in places 
Where a mowing machine cannot cut 
them. As we have been so short of help 
for two years the w r eeds, briers and 
sprouts got ahead of us, and they must 
be cleaned out so rabbits and mice will 
not have such good hiding places to work 
injury to the trees. We have more or 
less trouble to find all the dead trees in 
Winter, but as we had a short apple crop 
and got through the work early we com¬ 
menced to cut out the dead ones before 
the leaves dropped from the live ones, 
so we are sure of making a clean job of 
it this time. It has rained so much that 
on many occasions work had to be aban¬ 
doned in the. field. We like to reset our 
orchards where dead ones have been taken 
out. but this year it seems there are not 
enough trees in the country at any price 
to be had for planting new orchards and 
replanting old ones, so as we have plenty 
of trees yet to care for we will wait till 
they get cheaper and more plentiful. I 
am often asked where to get trees this 
Fall, but if you will look at the adver¬ 
tisements in the papers you will notice 
that nurseries offering trees for sale are 
almost as scarce as lien’s teeth. 
Our county agricultural agents have 
made many pruning demonstrations, and 
held pruning schools, and they have 
shown wonderful results in the crops, 
even -much larger yields, as well as larger 
fruit with better color. With the Rome 
Beauty apple on old trees most of the 
pruning has been in removing the sur¬ 
plus twigs out toward the ends of the old 
limbs. The twigs on that variety become 
so thick that it shades the inside and 
underside of a tree so much that many 
of the twigs die for want of air and sun¬ 
shine in a few years, unless they are re¬ 
moved to let in light. If they are not 
thinned out the fruit on them remains 
small and green till that which gets the 
air and light matures, and is picked or 
drops off; then the green ones get more 
light, grow some and take on some color, 
but never get as good color as those ex¬ 
posed to the light. So let in the light, 
not by cutting out the big limbs, except 
in rare cases, but by thinning out the 
twigs, so the foliage can have light and 
room to expand and elaborate the sap; 
this causes better growth of twigs and 
fruits of superior size and higher color and 
finish. Doesn't such fruit taste better 
and keep longer? Consumers imagine it 
does suit the taste better, unless it is 
eaten too greedily and used up to greedily 
before it has a chance to keep longer. 
Now is the time to get the orders in 
for fertilizers and spray material, and 
see if a new spraying machine must be 
selected, or the old one repaired and 
some new equipment secured. 
Lawrence Co., O. u. t. cox. 
N- Y. State Dairymen’s Association 
Part II. 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, DEC. 13, 1919 
FARM TOPICS 
Jewish Agricultural Convention. 1817 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings.... 1817 
Crops and Farm News. 1825 
Hope Farm Notes. 1826 
Food Work from Hemp. 1829 
Farm Legislation . 1829 
A Farmers’ Campaign in Nebraska. 1829 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
How Canadian Farmers Fought a Milk 
Trust . 1815 
Let Us Fight this Extortion. 1829 
Testing Milk and Cream. 1829 
Adulterated Milk; Cream Testing. 1829 
A Milk Camnaign in Boston. 
Si’age for Steers. 1829 
How to Make Good Dairy Butter—Part 
II. 1832 
Ration with Alfalfa and Beets. 1834 
Grain with Corn Fodder. 1834 
Ration with Com-and-Cob Meal. 1834 
Ration with Bean Straw. 1834 
Ration with Oat Hay and Beet Pulp. 18°4 
Ration for Freshening Heifer. 1836 
Cocoanut an-l Peanut Meal. 1836 
Improving Milk Flow. 1836 
Weight of Small Pigs. 1836 
Making Butter at League Milk Prices.... 1839 
Pork Following Sauerkraut. 1839 
THE HENYARD 
Some Essentials of Turkey Raising... .1813, 1814 
HORTICULTURE 
Some Examples of Tree Surgery. 1814 
Notes from a Maryland Garden.1818, 1820 
Garden Notes from New England.1820 
Winter Work for Ohio Fruit Growers. J 0o J> 
Heeling In Strawberry Plants. 1°19 
Ruraying Trees with Whitewash. I 01 9 
Dividing Peony Roots. 1819 
Cherry Tree Exuding Gum. 1819 
WOMAN AND HOME 
F-om Day to Day. 1830 
The Rural Patterns. 1830 
Some Pumpkin Recipes. 1830 
Dveing Recipes from the Old R. N.-Y. ... 1830 
The Children’s Wages. 1831 
The Useful Oilcloth Apron. 1831 
S^en in New York Shops. 1831 
Fmbroidery Designs ...1831 
How to Renew Window Shades. 1831 
MISCELLANEOUS 
F^ucation for a City Man. 1 01 4 
OHv Market Commissioner Removed. 18]7 
vr hv the Chimneys Lean. 1823 
S’ope of Chimneys.-. 1823 
T-ouble with Chimney and Cellar Wall.... l p 93 
Poular for Building Use. 1893 
Tanping Maples; Pruning. 1827 
New York Honey Producers. jaov 
Editorials . 1823 
Publisher’s Desk .. 1842 
Market Mtt.k. —Bradley Fuller, Presi¬ 
dent of the Dairymen’s League Co-oper¬ 
ative Association, Utica, N. Y.. on “Mar¬ 
ket Milk, ’ said producers should keep in 
mind two things—clean milk and cold 
milk. In other words, clean up the stable, 
make it sanitary, and put up ice at the 
proper time. We want education at the 
source of production, on the cost of pro¬ 
duction. We must know the cost of pro¬ 
duction, and add to it a reasonable profit. 
There is no other way to stay in the dairy 
business. Regarding breeding for butter- 
fat, we can sacrifice quantity for fat, and 
lose money. Mr. Fuller said he did not 
believe in any legal standard for milk, but 
have a law that will compel men to sell 
milk for what there is in it. Now, with a 
“ per cent standard, there is a temptation 
for the dealer to skim his milk down to 
• > per cent. There is need of education in 
the matter of efficient service at milk fac¬ 
tories. Concentrate large quantities of 
milk at factories and pay the wages of ex¬ 
perts to work up the milk. Have several 
small receiving plants or feeders. Ship 
milk from these to a central factory. 
With skilled men process the milk to the 
last degree, and get all there is in it. 
Distribution.— W. E. Dana, presi¬ 
dent of the Council of Farms and Mar¬ 
kets, addressed the convention on “Pro¬ 
duction and Distribution of Milk.” lie 
spoke about the economy of using plenty 
of milk at the present time of high cost 
of living. Our people are only spending 
three to five per cent of the cost of food 
for milk, when food elements cost less in 
milk. He said that physical examination 
of herds for tuberculosis would generally 
remove all danger from tuberculosis in¬ 
fection. CVan healthy milk at a just 
price should be our aim to work for. 
Unless the price will pay a fair margin 
of profit, the producer will not feel it his 
duty to maintain the milk supply. At the 
same time, a farmer should produce as 
cheaply as he can by practicing the best 
methods on liis farm. It should be known 
that high-priced labor must at present 
be charged up in the price of milk. Effi¬ 
cient cows, more largely fed by the farm, 
and labor-saving equinment are needed to 
reduce the cost of milk production. Eco¬ 
nomical distribution is a very large 
problem. Consumers should know that a 
’ust price to him is the cost of food stuffs, 
labor, interest on investment, cost of up¬ 
keep of plant, and profit that will give 
him a labor income in proportion to that 
received in other industries. Mr. Dana 
said in reply to questions that it is up to 
dairymen to raise the average production 
per cow, by selection, breeding and feed¬ 
ing. The demand for Winter market milk 
has increased its cost. We can make 
milk for the butter and cheese factory, 
and make it in the Summer at much less 
cost. If the price of market milk for 
the entire year is not sufficient to pay a 
profit, farmers can go into Summer dairy¬ 
ing. 
He E. Cook spoke on “The Dairyman 
as a Farmer.” He said the best thing 
we can all do is to go to work and work 
hard, and keep more quiet. If we would 
do this many of our problems would be 
quickly solved. Organization and Gov¬ 
ernment control may be depended on too 
much. They will not take the place of 
hard individual work on the farm. Back 
on the farm is the solution of the most of 
the problems. Take care of the things 
that are near at hand—around you on the 
farm. Feed and care for good cows bet¬ 
ter. All the time of complaints about 
milk prices some farmers have made 
more money than they ever made. There 
never were such good opportunities for 
dairymen to prosper as now. The road 
to success is the same old story—better 
breeding and feeding. Better breeding is 
of little value without better feeding. A 
good farmer and a good dairyman are not 
always, combined in the same person. 
There is nothing that requires more plod¬ 
ding, patient application to details, than 
caring for the dairy cow. If we had to 
sell much of our corn crop on the market, 
we would find it unsalable because of 
poor quality, but we can market it 
through the cow. We often do not work 
to improve and perfect our farm crops, 
because the cow will eat them. Grow 
better grains and better forage crops that 
better feed the cows, and at. the same 
time work to improve the pasture. We 
need some grain to get all the milk the 
cow is capable of. We want a cow that 
is good enough to pay for this grain we 
must buy on some farms, for all farms 
are not adapted to grain growing. The 
smoother, tillable lands, where we can 
plow and raise grain and forage crops are 
going up in price, beyond the means of 
many who would go in the dairy business. 
We want to know how to make profits on 
the cheaper and less tillable lands. We 
don’t want shorter days on the farm—not 
Hie man who wants to pay for his farm, 
and make it profitable. The man who 
gets interested in his job wants longer 
days. The hired man may not stand for 
it. but the farmer must keep on his job. 
City methods will not work on the farm. 
Make the hired man a part of the family 
and a part of the social life of the neigh¬ 
borhood and work with him. Use him as 
a man, not as an animal, and pay him 
all he is worth. 
Discussing Cheese.— Geo. E. Hogue, 
Director Dairy Bureau, State Department 
of Agriculture, told how to improve the 
quality of New York cheese. He said we 
would be much healthier if we would sub¬ 
stitute cheese for meat, and our nutrition 
would cost less money. It is highly con¬ 
centrated food. England uses 14 lbs. per 
person per year, while we use only three. 
If we are to increase the consumption of 
cheese we must educate the public as to 
its quality and standardize its quality. 
First we must have a uniform standard of 
quality for home trade and export. We 
will do well to take the export cheese as 
a standard of quality. We begin to im¬ 
prove cheese by making a better and 
cleaner milk on the farm. The milking 
machine is coming into general use. If it 
is not kept always clean we may have 
trouble in the cheese factory. Good 
cheese-makers must be well paid. Mr. 
ITogue did not favor the making of the 
washed curd cheese, -which he thought 
reduced the quality, and enabled the 
maker to put in more water. The cheese 
of high quality should have a moisture 
content of not over 40 per cent. 
Harvey F. Farrington. Lowville. N. Y., 
conducted a round table discussion on 
cheese. Mr. Farmington raised the ques¬ 
tion whether the consumers did not want 
the softer cheese made by washing the 
curds. Some makers said they had not 
found the washed curds to have good keep¬ 
ing qualities. 
Mr. 1‘hees said he wanted first clean 
milk with low bacteria count, to make the 
highest quality of cheese. He favored 
keeping the moisture down to at least 40 
per cent. Cheese with more has not keep¬ 
ing qualities. It will lose flavor and 
break down in a few months. 
City Milk. —Dr. Breed of the Experi¬ 
ment Station spoke on “Controlling the 
City Milk Supply.” For many years the 
statmn has been studying the effect of 
stable environment on the quality of 
milk. . This includes everything which 
the milk may come in contact with or be 
exposed to. Fancy equipment is costly, 
and not always necessary to produce clean 
high quality mi’k. The infant mortality 
in Geneva has been 25 per cent less than 
in other cities, due, it is believed, to the 
work of the Experiment Station in con¬ 
trolling the quality of milk. They first 
analyzed samples taken from each farm¬ 
ers milk and offered to help the farmers 
to correct the cause of poor milk. Often 
the cause of unclean milk was the wav of 
washing milk cans. These farmers were 
told we wanted a steamed, dry can, and 
left with the cover off for 24 hours—bet¬ 
ter in the sunshine. This corrected 
of the troubles. 
w, 
some 
H. j. 
THIS 
HUSKING MACHINE 
is one of the celebrated 
67 bushels 
as we can 
It has a record of 
in 60 minutes “fast 
feed it.” It’s the time now to 
order this or any farm tools. 
A catalog showing full line 
mailed free upon request 
BELCHER & TAYLOR 
AGRICULTURAL TOOL CO. 
Box 75 CHICOPEE FALL, MASS. j 
“The Blade that Made 
the Handle Famous” 
«?!4 inch 
Blade 
Send 40c. 
in cash or 
stamps and 
the name of 
your nearest 
Hardware 
Dealer for this 
fully guaran¬ 
teed, all steel, 
pocket knife. 
ALLEN CUTLERY CO., Inc. NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
Why not save money? 
COFFEE 
3 1 lbs. of Best Ol (1(1 
4 Combination yl«— 
(Ground Only) 
PARCEL POST FREE WITHIN 300 MILES 
r o combat the high cost of 
coffee we have combined the 
finest coffee grown with health¬ 
giving roasted cereals and the 
highest grade chicory . 
The flavor is delicious ! 
MONEY BACK IF NOT SATISFIED 
VAN DYK 
51 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK CITY 
Branch Stores Everywhere. 
RIPPLEY’S c 2 t “ t b “£°r n 
h •n’dVtMmFcedCooker* 
L | wiU boil bbl.. water in 20 
l—J min. or cook 25 bu. feed 
w* in 2 hours. Will heat water 
in tanks 200 ft. away, by 
attaching pipes to water 
jacket: will heat hog 
houses, poultry brooders, 
etc. Used by 25 State 
experiment stations. Saves 
•» , . , 35 per cent of feed bilL 
" tlj? , r free catalogue of Breeder's Supplies. 
Blppley Manufacturing Co.. Grafton, III. 
_ New York Offlca, 66 Liberty Street 
Strawberry Plants for Sale 
Strawberry plants by the dozen, hundred and thous- 
niid. Best varieties; irreut yieldors. Now is the time 
to order. ” THE ELGIN BERRY PLANT CO.,” Elflin, Illinois 
Pnfaione - r ’ ianl • n " B "er. I.nnefellnw, No-blight, Ohio, Queen, 
I UiaiUCO_Kosc, Kuaset,Wonder. Others. C.W. Ford. Fishers, N.T. 
Swppf filnvpr Sow unhulled White SOW. S9 Bu. Ex. paid, 
oneei UlOYer A. BLOUMlMjlHI.K, Schenectady, ,\. Y. 
LOSERS OF POPULAR MUSIC REAS 
10 Copies For si. ffl© 
T pon receipt of one dollar, cash—check or money order, I will mail you. postage orepuid 
'■) Sheets of any popular SONG, retail 90c. 1 Sheet from any MUSICAL COMEDY SHOW 60c. 
A FEW POPULAR HITS 
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Mt r!.l B h ’iv.Yi M 1 . ,{1 r b-V 8 Maryland Everybody Shimmies Now 
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1 Know Wliat it Means to lte Lonesome Mother of Mine And 100 others 
I lease mark your name and address plain, I will keep you posted in latest music 
HARRY WALKER 
p. s. 
507 Astor Theatre Bldg. 
Let me use my professional experience to pick your music 
N. Y. CITY 
