1848 
December 20, 11)10 
‘The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
can be split*, ami part of it left in the 
field or garden. It is a customary plan to 
freeze the roots, and the commercial 
growers seem to consider this neceseary. 
They often make long piles of these roots 
beside the house and leave them until 
thoroughly frozen. Then they are put 
away in a cool place to be forced as 
needed. When the roots are placed in 
boxes of earth in the cellar growth begins 
quickly, and if the plants are kept in a 
darkened corner the stalks will be nicely 
blanched. It is really a Very simple mat¬ 
ter to have pieplant for home use in 
Winter, but roots do not seem to force 
well as a rule until after the first of the 
year. 
Winter Asparagus. —Asparagus may 
be forced in the cellar in much the same 
way, and forcing may be started any time. 
It is necessary though to have new as¬ 
paragus plants coming along all the time 
when this plan is followed, as well-estab- 
Yegetablc Marrows 
li'shed plants are needed for the purpose 
and are exhausted by forcing. One or 
tjvo men in Concord force asparagus in 
greenhouses throughout the Winter. But 
the plan has not proved profitable enough 
to be taken up in a large way. It is not 
necessary to freeze asparagus for forcing. 
Witloof. —Every year I grow a few 
plants of witloof chicory for Winter 
salads. The roots are dug up before the 
ground freezes and stored in a cool place. 
They are forced by being set in boxes of 
earth to the top of the crowns, with six 
or eight inches of sand on top. The 
shoot's grow up through the sand, which 
holds them close together and make tight 
heads. I either keep the boxes in a dark 
place or else invert a second box over the 
one which contains the roots. This pro¬ 
duces a nice white salad which is most 
acceptable in the Winter months, and 
which would prove very expensive if pur¬ 
chased at the stores. In former times 
most of the witloof chicory, or French 
endive, as it is known when it reaches 
the market, came from Belgium, but now 
it is being grown to a considerable extent 
in this country. A temperature of 45 de¬ 
grees is about right at first, but may soon 
go up to 50 or 60. It isn’t necessary to 
CONTENTS 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, DEC. 20, 1919 
FARM TOPICS 
Review of Season’s Work on a New-York 
Farm .1945, 1846 
Clover, Potatoes and Lime. 1846 
The Ownership of Manure. 1846 
Farmers and Food Production. I860 
Crop Notes . I860 
Farm and Garden Notes. 1850 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings. I860 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Dairymen’s League Convention. 1859 
Mixing a Ration. 1862 
Ration for Jerseys. 1862 
Feeding Dry Cows. 1862 
Fattening Dry Cows. 1862 
Feeding Molasses . 1862 
Fattening the Family Pig. 1862 
New York State Dairymen Meet—Part III. 1864 
The Nail and the Bull.. 1865 
Feeding Boar and Sows. 1865 
Pasture and Bara Notes. 1866 
How to Make Good Dairy Butter... .1866, 1868 
Dividend from Cheese Making. 1868 
THE HENYARD 
Fresh vs. Cold Storage Eggs. 1859 
Egg-laying Contest . 1869 
Express Rates on Poultry. 1869 
HORTICULTURE 
Hen Manure for Greenhouse Flowers. 1846 
The Stayman Winesap Apple. 1847 
Protecting Apple Trees; Forcing Lily of the 
Valley . 1849 
Apples for West Virginia. 1849 
Growing Winter Rhubarb. 1853 
Celery Not Blanching. 1853 
Peaches for Western Pennsylvania. 1853 
Notes from a Maryland Garden. 1855 
Controlling Woolly Aphis. 1857 
Callicarpa or French Mulberry. 1857 
WOMAN AND RJME 
From Day to Day. 1860 
The Rural Patterns. 1860 
Children’s Wages . 1860 
Hints for Homemade Dyes. 1860 
Christmas Sweets—Part 1. 1861 
Embroidery Designs . 1861 
Letters from a Cousin. 1861 
MISCELLANEOUS 
A Community Ice Company. 1847 
Making a Start with Bees... 1847 
Rules of Precedence at Cider Mill. 18*9 
Markets ... 1862 
Countrywide Produce . 1854 
Give the Name of Buyer... 1854 
Publisher’s Desk .. 1870 
be very particular on this point when one 
is forcing the vegetable for home use. 
Cutting is done by pushing a knife 
through the sand t'o the top of the crowns, 
but if the crown is not cut into a second 
and even a third head will be made. Be¬ 
fore many years people in this country 
will probably become much more familiar 
with this salad plant than they now are. 
Variety Tests. —It is rather curious 
that the different raspberries give, de¬ 
cidedly different results in sections of 
New England not a great distance apart. 
Some growers find the Cutlibert quite 
prone to winter-kill, while others have no 
trouble in this way. Perhaps the Marl¬ 
boro is the hardiest of all the Spring- 
bearing raspberries. The ever-bearing va¬ 
riety. St. Regis, seems perfectly able to 
endure any kind of climate. It is very 
hardy here, and I understand that it is 
the only raspberry that can be grown 
successfully far South. It is a good berry 
for the home garden, because of its long 
season for bearing. Moreover it begins 
to fruit earlier than any other kind I 
know. I hardly see how it would make 
a good commercial berry, because of the 
fact that it extends its season over many 
weeks, instead of producing a big lot of 
berries in a short time. I have been 
growing the western beauty called Minne¬ 
sota No. 4 for some time, and find it as 
hardy as any other variety I have tried. 
1 see no reason why it shouldn’t be as big 
a success here as in the Northwest, where 
it was originated to meet the rigors of 
the climate. I have just secured some 
plants of the new raspberry being put out 
from the Geneva Experiment Station, 
New York. It is called Ontario, and it is 
understood to be distinctly meritorious. 
Plants have been available from the sta¬ 
tion at a dollar a dozen, and I presume 
that more will be sent out next season. 
One other raspberry for which much is 
claimed is La France, being put out by 
a New York firm. This is a Fall-bearing 
berry, and the fruit which I have seen 
has been remarkable for its size and the 
freedom with which it is produced. 
Marketing Ducks. —One of the latest 
developments in the plan of selling at 
the door has made its appearance at 
Wreutham, the great duck-growing sec¬ 
tion of Massachusetts. One of the duck 
producers has put up a large sign adver¬ 
tising dressed ducks at retail, and sells 
a great, many ducks to automobile parties. 
The plant happens to be on the main road 
between Providence and Boston, so that 
a great many people pass that way. Close 
beside the road is a pond where the ducks 
can be seen swimming. The price ob¬ 
tained is seven cents a pound above the 
regular wholesale price. 
Fattening Geese. —This same man 
has taken to fattening geese for the Bos¬ 
ton market, and had about: 7,000 birds on 
hand early in November. While a large 
proportion of these geese will be fattened 
for Christmas, many of them will go into 
cold storage for sale during the Winter. 
These geese have come partly from Rhode 
Island and partly from Canada. The 
Canadian geese are sent down by train, 
occupying box cars divided into decks. 
They are usually very thin when they 
reach the farm, but. are stifled with corn- 
meal and beef scraps so that they take 
on fat rapidly. Apparently more farmers 
are growing geese than for several years 
past. They are raised very cheaply if 
there is plenty of cheap pasturage for 
them. There used to be a time when 
(1,000 or 8.000 geese could be picked up 
in Rhode Island every year. Less than 
half that number can be found there 
now, but the demand is so great on the 
part of the buyers that they are often 
sold when they are only a few weeks old. 
Poultry Water Supply. — I wish that 
poultrymen who have a little brook or 
stream on their places could see the ar¬ 
rangement by which Mr. F. I). Woods, in 
charge of the plant which supplies the col¬ 
lege at Wellesley. Mass., with eggs, re¬ 
duces the labor of watering his flocks. 
A brook with a fall of only two feet 
gives all the water which is needed the 
year round. A small ram has been in¬ 
stalled just below a little dam. and forces 
the water to a tank on the hill, which is 
high enough so that gravity keeps all of 
the houses supplied with running water. 
A long, narrow trough has been built in 
front of each house, where it can be 
cleaned or emptied without going inside 
the building. This plan saves many steps 
and much labor. Surely there are hun¬ 
dreds of farms where a ram could be made 
to do similar work at a small cost for 
installation, and almost no operating cost. 
Selling Apples. —To some extent the 
sale of apples has been affected by the 
shortage of sugar, people not buying cook¬ 
ing apples as freely as they would if 
sugar were plentiful. In several sections 
selling by the roadside has proved very 
successful. Perhaps the best example of 
this is found in the work of the Highland 
Co-operative Fruit Exchange, of Marl¬ 
boro, on the State road between Boston 
and Worcester. This market is carried 
on by a group of farmers in a very busi¬ 
nesslike way. Care was taken to select 
a spot where the road was wide enough 
so that there would be no congestion when 
a lumber of automobiles stopped at the 
same time. Selling was begun as soon as 
the first vegetables appeared in the 
Spring, and continued until the coming 
of cold weather. By making it a regular 
institution customers were assured that 
they would find it open and doing busi¬ 
ness. In this way a steady trade Was 
built up. 
Vegetarle Marrow. — Few garden- 
makers are familiar with the English 
vegetable marrow, and yet this is a most 
worth-while vegetable. When I rounded 
up the specimens left at the end of the 
season and piled them up for pies, along 
with a few pumpkins. 1 was impressed 
with the good qualities of this vegetable. 
To my mind it is much preferable to 
Summer squash, because less watery. 
After it gets too old for use as a vege¬ 
table it can still be made into pies, and 
even later in the season it is excellent 
for preserving. The English vegetable 
marrow should be grown just about like 
Summer squash, but if the amount of 
space available is limited, the bush form 
rather than the running form should be 
used, as the running marrow soon spreads 
itself over a large amount of territory. 
E. I. FARRINGTON. 
New York State Horticultural Society 
The annual meeting of the New York 
State Horticultural Society will be held 
at Rochester. Jan. 14-15-16, 1920. The 
latest information concerning insect pests 
and fungus diseases and their control will 
be given by Profs. Parrott and Stewart 
of the State Experiment Station, and 
Profs. Herrick and Whetzel of the State 
College. Mr. O. M. Taylor of the Experi¬ 
ment Station will handle the subject of 
“Small Fruits” and Mr. F. E. Gladwin 
of the Grape Experiment Station at Fre- 
donia will discuss the problem of main¬ 
taining the fertility of our vineyard soils, 
with special reference to cover crops. 
There will be a report on the packing 
house situation in Niagara County by 
Mr. George Stabler of Lockport. Prof. 
W. II. Chandler of the State College will 
talk on pruning. Prof. J. II. Gourley. 
horticulturist of the New Hampshire Col¬ 
lege of Agriculture, will speak on “The 
Soil Fertility Problem in the Orchard.” 
Other speakers who have promised to la* I 
present are President J. C. Creelman of | 
the Canadian College of Agriculture; A. 
It. Mann. Dean of the State College of 
Agriculture, and Commissioner of Agri¬ 
culture Charles S. AVilson. 
PRAYING 
MATERIALS 
In the markets, fruits and 
vegetables are graded as 
sprayed or unsprayed—higher prices be¬ 
ing asked and paid for the sprayed 
grades. It is logical, then, that you 
should spray economically. 
We Manufacture High-Grade 
Spraying Materials 
Consequently our guarantee 
means Quality and economy 
PARIS GREEN. 
ARSENATE OF LEAD. 
(Paste and Powder.) 
CALCIUM ARSENATE. 
( A most efficient poison .) 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 
(Paste and Powder.) 
Write our office nearest you for information, prices, 
eta Address any branch—Insecticides, Desk I. E. 
LED-B0R. (Bordo-Lead 
of highest analysis.) 
KALIB0R. (A virulent 
powder .) 
FISH OIL SOAP. 
BLUE VITRIOL. 
Factor;, 
Brooklyn, N. V. 
Baltimore Md. 
.Norfolk,Va. 
Savannah, Ga. 
So Water St. 
New York City 
New Orleans, La. 
Columbus, Ohio 
Jacksonville, Fla. 
The Shortage of Sugar 
On page 1742 you have an article en¬ 
titled “Why Is Sugar Short?” and we 
note the following remark : 
“We can obtain no reason for the ap¬ 
parent injustice in supplying the big can- 
ners and candy makers and restricting the 
smaller buyers.” 
There is no question that the methods 
followed by the Equalization Board have 
been grossly unjust. Not only have they 
furnished candy makers in great numbers 
all over the country who were not in ex¬ 
istence last year, with sugar, and have 
furnished to the large canners amounts 
of sugar out of all proportion to what 
they have furnished to the public gener¬ 
ally, but they have also established a 
rule giving to dealers who supply the 
public an amount of sugar equal to what 
they had last year during the months of 
October and November. Some dealers, of 
course, would buy larger amounts in these 
months, and some almost nothing, so that 
instead of equalizing the matter, which 
could easily be done by giving an amount 
equal to the average monthly purchase of 
each dealer, they have deprived some por¬ 
tions of the public of supplies of sugar, 
while others have been over supplied. The 
Equalization Board is an incorporated 
body. Will you inform us where they are 
incorporated, whether iu this State or in 
Washington? E. p. M. 
R. N.-Y.—The Equalization Board is a 
Government corporation. 
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