7 
you has been actually mistakenfor gold quartz 
with H - qU r lte ? CaS<3 iU P0int - In annexion 
with this I show you two other specimens 
one being a piece of limestone from Ohaca- 
chacare containing at the same time veins 
of caicile and quartz, each distinguishable 
by the tests I have named. In tins case the 
s.Jica was deposited with the limestone as 
sand and together with a portion of lime 
dissolved and redeposited in the fissures of 
the rock forming the white veins we see in 
it. I he circumstances under which such 
solution and deposition took place are 
different from any known to us. The other 
specimen is a portion of a consolidate cl 
beach, such as those at Pernambuco and 
others parts of the Brazilian coast, and this 
beacn formerly existed at Caparo in the mid¬ 
dle of the island. 
. It. is now time for us to proceed with our 
journey up the valley, our course being 
almost due north. At the very, entrance of 
the valley we observe what seems to be an 
immense dam or bank of earth and stones. 1 
think that if Louis Agassiz had visited 
Irimdad lie would have declared this bank 
or dam to be the terminal moraine of a 
glacier which once occupied the valley. I 
cannot hold that opinion: still I will call 
such banks where they occur by the name of 
alluvial moraines. They do not occur in the 
valleys west of Port-of-Spain, but they 
increase in size and importance in the valleys 
eastward of Port-of-Spain at least as f. > as 
the valley of Aruka. At the mouth of the 
Santa Cruz valley the alluvial moraine is 
widely dissected by the river, and the old . 
road to Santa Cruz avoided it by keeping to 
the light and crossing the river, the new 
road (made about 1860 under the superin¬ 
tendence of Sylvester Devenish) going up and 
across the moraine. The town of St. Joseph 
is built on the alluvial moraine of the 
Maracas valley and the capital of Trinidad 
ought to be built on that of the Caura valley 
(Eldorado) which is one of the finest and 
healthiest sites for a town in the island. 
These alluvial moraines are the remains of 
deposits of gravel, sand and clay brought 
down the valleys by denudation or erosion 
and deposited at their mouths at the time 
when the gradient to the sea level was lower 
than at present—that is before the great 
subsidence took place which formed the Gulf 
of Paria and caused the pluvial waters of the 
western half of Trinidad to flow westward 
instead eastward. The alluvial moraines are 
therefore the result of, andpartof, theevldenco 
