wound together, the winding being usually 
what we call rlextral—that is if the shell be 
placed before us with the spire or apex 
uppermost and the aperture (which is 
really thfe anterior part of the shell) at the 
base then the aperture will lie on the right 
hand. This means a greater development 
of organs on the right hand side of the 
animal than on the left. This Conformation 
is the rule with univalve or gasteropod shells, 
but like all other rules it has exceptions. 
A few genera, like the freshwater Physa, are 
constantly sinistral; some genera have sini 
stial species and very many species which 
are normally dextral have occasional sini¬ 
stral varieties or individuals. The habit of 
winding dextrally is thus all but universal 
among Gasteropoda, while a few of them 
have the habit of winding sinistrally and a 
very small number are able to break through 
the habiu of their species and to wind in a 
different manner. A few worms construct 
shells which wind indifferently either way. 
Foraminifera, which are exclusively aquatic 
animals, differ ftpm molluska in not being 
furnished with separate organs or limbs; 
thus they have no stomachs, hearts, livers, 
heads or legs, and though their sarcode 
body is differentiated to a certain extent so 
as to enable it to perform the functions ot' 
the organs named and others, their organi¬ 
zation is of a lower and simpler type. The 
shells of the marine foraminifera are 
often very like those of mollusks 
for which they vveie long mistaken and 
like these they are often spiral, but they 
rarely show any constancy as to the direction 
of enrolment, being as often sinistral as 
dextral. Since the occupation of these 
valleys and of the island by Europeans the 
fauna and flora have become greatly 
modified. The primaeval forest reigned 
formerly over all these hills and valleys from 
the Boons eastward where now scarcely a 
trace of it remains, the vegetation that you 
see on the hills being mostly rastrajo or 
second growth. On Punta Garda we have 
found a fossil land molluskan fauna now 
only to he met within the recesses of the 
mountains, say the Oerros of Aripo and 
Oropuche. The mammalian fauna has altered 
also : we no longer have the wild cat and the 
monkey, which have retreated to the farther 
parts of the islands and are there in process 
of rapid extermination The quank and the 
lap have followed, but we still have the 
opossum and the agufi. The tree porcupine 
and the iguana remain also. Talking of 
monkeys their relationship to man is not 
