STUDY OF BOTANY. 
25 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
ARTICLE XIII.—THE STUDY OF THE SCIENCE OF BOTANY. 
BY F. F. ASHFORD. 
(Continuedfrom Volume 1 ,page 743. ) 
The vegetable kingdom is divided by Linnaeus into seven families 
or tribes, viz : 
1 Musci, Mosses. 4 Graminae, Grasses. 
2 Fungi, Mushrooms. 5 Algae, Flags. 
3 Filices, Ferns. 6 Palmae, Palms. 
7. Palantae comprehending all plants that are not included in 
the other six tribes, these are: 
Herbaceous when they die down to the radix (root) every year, for 
in the perrennial kinds, the buds are all produced upon the root be¬ 
low the surface of the ground. 
Shrubs, when their stems come up without buds. 
Trees, when their stems come up with buds. 
Of the habit of Plants. —By the habit or external face of plants, 
is to be understood a certain conformity between vegetables that be¬ 
long to the same genus, or are near of kin to each other. This con¬ 
formity may be in respect to various circumstances as, 
1 Placentation, the disposition of Cotyledons (seed leaves) at the 
time when the seed is beginning to grow. 
2 Radication, the disposition of the Radix or root. 
3 Ramification, the manner in which a tree produces its Rami, or 
branches. 
4 Intorsion, winding, is the flexion or bending of any part of the 
plant. 
5 Gemmation, the construction of the gem or bud. 
6 Foliation, the complicate or folded state of the leaves whilst 
concealed in the bud. 
7 Stipulation, the situation or construction of the stipulse (a spe¬ 
cies of fulcra or prop.) 
8 Pubescence, downiness, an armature for defence. 
9 Glandulation, disposition of the glands, or secretory vessels. 
10 Lactescence, milkiness, a juice which flows from any injury. 
11 Inflorescence, the manner in which flowers are fastened to the 
plant. 
