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THE STUDY OF BOTANY. 
7 Volva, from its involving or enfolding, as in the mushroom tribe 
(Fungi) where it is membranaceous, and rent on all sides, being 
either 
a V. approximata, close to the head. 
b V. remota, at some distance from the head. 
It is sometimes difficult to distinguish a calyx from a floral leaf 
(Bractea) such as is found to accompany the fructification of the 
Lime (Tilia) Lavender (Lavendula) and others. They may be dis¬ 
covered by this certain rule, that a calyx always withers as soon as the 
fruit is ripe, if not before, hut the bractea will remain longer. W ithout 
attending to this, mistakes might easily he made, in Helleborus, 
Nigella, Passiflora, Hepatica, Peganum, and others in which the 
calyx is wanting. The Bractea is either 
1 Colorate, coloured. 2 Caducae, falling off with 
3 Deciduae, falling off. the flower. 
4 Persistintes, abiding. 5 Coma, terminating the stalk 
above the flower distinguished by its magnitude or colour. 
2. Corolla, petals, the termination of the liber, or inner hark of the 
plant continued to, and accompanying the fructification in this new 
form of painted leaves. Its use is the same as that of the calyx, serv¬ 
ing as an inner work of defence for the parts it encloses. The leaves of 
which the corolla consists are called petals, which is defined by Lin- 
nseas to be a corollaceous covering to the flower, inclosing and pro¬ 
tecting it in the manner of a wreath. The Corolla is either 
1 Monopetalous, consisting of one petal, of two parts, viz. 
a Tubus, the lower part of a monopetalous flower, or 
b Limbus, the upper part of a monopetalous flower expanded, 
which, according to its figure, is either 
Regularis, of an equal figure : Irregularis, disproportionate. 
Inequalis, corresponding in proportion to one another. 
Globosa, globe-shaped. Infundibuliformis, funnel shape. 
Campanulata, hell-shaped. Rotata, heel shaped, 
Hvpocrateriformis, salver shaped. 
Ringens, gaping, irregular with two lips. 
Cancava, hollow. Patena, spreading. 
2. Polypetalous, of many petals, each consisting of two parts, viz. 
a Unguis, a claw, the lower parts ol a polypetalous flower. 
b Lamina, a thin plate, the upper spreading parts of a polypetal¬ 
ous flower. 
A polypetalous corolla is either. 
a Crnciata, cruciform, having four equal spreading petals. 
b Composita, compound, having many florets in a common peri- 
