STUDY OF BOTANY. 
570 
flowers are distinguished into Duplicate, Triplicate, Quadruplicate, 
that is, having a double, treble, or quadruple series, or rows, accord¬ 
ing to the number of the repetitions of the corolla. Polypetalous 
are the most subject to multiplication, the MonapetaJous are multi¬ 
plied likewise, but it is very uncommon to meet with them full. 
Pleni .—Flowers are said to he full when the corolla is so far mul¬ 
tiplied as to exclude all the stamina. The plenitude (fulness) is 
occasioned by the stamina running into petals, with which the flower 
is so crowded as frequently to choke the pistillum. 
Plenitude is chiefly incidental to polypetalous flowers, yet in 
monopetalous some authors hold a contradiction, hut this cannot he 
granted, for there are instances of it in Crocus, Hyacinthus, Poly¬ 
anthus, &c, though it is rare when their luxuriancy passes dupli* 
city. When they are filled, it is by the multiplication of the 
Lacunae, (segments) whereas the polypetalous are usually filled by 
multiplication of the petals, but the manner in which the impletion 
(filling) is brought about must be more particularly considered. 
The Impletion is either in simple or compound flowers. The Im¬ 
pletion of simple flowers is by the increase of the petals, or of the 
nectarium, as for instance, the impletion of the Aquilegia is observed 
to be after three different manners, viz. 
1 By multiplying the petals, and excluding the nectaria. 
2 By multiplying the nectaria and excluding the petals. 
3 By multiplying the nectaria, and retaining the petals, 
Compound flowers gain their impletion two ways, either by the 
radius, or the disk. Impletion by the radius, is when, by the mul¬ 
tiplication of the radius, the disk of the flower is filled up as in 
Helianthus. In this sort of impletion, which belongs only to radiate 
flowers, it is observable that all the florets which will fill up the disk, 
follow the conditions of those of the radius. So if the florets of the 
radius in the natural flower, have a pistillum, all those of the full 
flower, will have one also, as in Matricaria; or if they have no pis¬ 
tillum, then it will also he wanting in the full one, as in Calendula. 
And the same holds true in the male part also, for as the florets of 
the radius in the natural flower, are never furnished with anthera, 
so these are wanting also, in those of the full ones. This last remark 
is of great use to distinguish a radiate full flower from a ligulate 
natural one, which might be confounded in many cases, were we not 
apprised that there are anthera in the latter, but none in the former. 
By this rule, when the disk is destroyed bv the multiplication of the 
radius, we know by the defect of anthera, that it is only the luxuri¬ 
ancy of a radiate flower, as in Sonchus. By the presence of the an¬ 
thera, we know the flowers to ligulate and natural. 
