CULTURE OF THE RASPBERRY. 
395 
forth in spring much like fern. Those shoots hear the first year, 
though they do not come above ground till June. When the land 
is free from trees and the sun has shrivelled up all the leaves of rasp¬ 
berries, they form a sheet of red for scores of miles, and are food for 
the wild pigeons, &c. 
Best Varieties are the Red and Yellow Antwerp, Barnet, 
Bromley Hill, Cornish, and Double-Bearing. This last, however, 
is not remarkable either for size or flavour, its chief recommendation 
is, that a second crop may be produced in the autumn. 
Culture .— They are propagated by suckers, and by seeds for new 
varieties. The suckers should be planted in rich moist soil, well ma¬ 
nured, trenched at least two feet deep, and planted with vegetables 
two years before the raspberries are planted upon it. This may be 
done either in the autumn or spring, they should be planted in rows 
about four feet six inches apart, and three feet apart in the rows, 
and if it can be so managed three plants should be allowed to each 
stool, placing them in a triangle of six inches apart. These will bear 
some fruit the first year, and if the ground be suitable will produce 
plenty of strong rods for the following season. Nothing more is re¬ 
quired till the winter pruning, when you must let all the shoots 
which bore fruit the previous summer be cut away close to the 
ground. Then cut away all the young shoots, except about nine of 
the strongest, or not so many if the stool be weak. Tie them toge¬ 
ther at the top, and then cut off about four or six inches from the 
ends. They may either be bowed so as to let the rods of two stools 
meet, which being tied together will form an arch, or they may both 
be left to stand alone. Take up all the suckers every winter with a 
spade, except such as spring immediately from, and are connected 
with the stool; manure the ground, and let it lie thinly spread upon 
the ground all the winter, until March, when you must prune as be¬ 
fore directed, digging the ground and being careful not to injure the 
roots with the spade. 
Although the Double-Bearing variety yields fruit in the autumn, 
yet the fruit is very inferior to that of the red and white Antwerp, 
and hence it is desirable to have a succession of this sort. This 
may be obtained by the following process. In the beginning of May, 
cut off the young fruit-bearing shoots, that are growing from the 
canes, to about two eyes, and from these two eyes they will throw 
out laterals, which will show plenty of fruit, and ripen in August and 
September. Another system is, that when the upper parts of the 
canes have grown considerably, the lower will have scarcely moved, 
and you must cut them about half way down, at least considerably 
