WINDS ANI) STORMS. 
411 
so that the seeds when they are ripe are detached, and fall to the 
ground separately. These are the characters of the labiate tribe. 
Tbe other section, which is that of the personate flowers, is distin¬ 
guished from the former, by having the two lips not usually open or 
gaping, but closed or joined as in snap-dragon Antirrhinum majus, 
or for want of that in the toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris) a yellow flower 
with a spur very common at this season. But a more precise and 
certain character is, that instead of having four naked seeds at the 
bottom of the calyx, like the labiate flowers, these have a capsule or 
case inclosing the seeds, and not opening till they are ripe, in order 
to disperse them. To these characters we may add, that the greater 
part of the labiate plants are either strong smelling and aromatic as 
marjoram, thyme, basil, mint, hyssop, lavender, &c. or else strong 
smelling and stinking as the dead nettle, hedge nettle, cat mint, 
black horehound, &c. Some few only have little or no smell, as bu¬ 
gle, self-heal, and hooded willow herb, whereas most of' the plants 
with personate flowers are not odorous, as snap-dragon, toad-flax, eye- 
bright, lousewort, yellow-rattle, broom-rape, and fox-glove. If our 
readers would try to settle the branch or section by its physiognomy, 
and exercise themselves, the exterior form of the corolla may be 
some guide to those who wish to judge at sight whether a flower be 
labiate or personate, which they may verify afterwards by pulling out 
the corolla and looking at the bottom of the calyx. Labiate flowers 
will show four naked seeds, and personate flowers a pericarp. 
June 18 th, 1833. 
ARTICLE XIV. 
ON THE PROXIMATE CAUSES OF WINDS AND STORMS 
BY PROFESSOR MITCHELL. 
The four following propositions may be regarded as statements of 
general facts, which have been sufficiently established by numerous 
observations in various parts of the world. 
1 st. That part of the great ocean which lies between the thirtieth 
parallel of latitude on both sides of the equator, is constantly swept 
by a wind varying but a few points from the east. 
2nd. Between the latitudes of 30 and 60 degs. in both the north¬ 
ern and southern hemisphere, westerly winds predominate over those 
from the east quarter, in a ratio probably somewhat greater than 
that of three to two. 
