Reviews ani Extracts. 
19 
to ^ve tlic trees from being scorched by tlie l»eut of the fire. The borders were 
composed of eighteen inches of strong clay, which is the natural soil, and eigh¬ 
teen inches of light soil, over a bottom of six inches of stones and lime-rubbish, 
all beat and smoothed together; the maimro is stable dung, soot, and vegetable 
mould. He prefers fan training to horizontal, both of which he tried. His method 
of pruning is, to unnail most of the tree and cut out all the wood that is most worn 
out by last year’s crop, shortening such as are wanted for new wood, and such as 
have not ripened their shoots to the point : when they are well ripened to the 
point, he lays them in at their full length, allowing them a proper distance, he 
then nails them with all new shreds, boiling the old ones and laying them by for 
summer nailing. When all is finished, he waslies the trees and walls over with 
the following wash:— 2 lb flowers of sulphur; 1 lb soft soap ; and a few pints of 
soft water. Boil the mixture slowly for some time, take a tub, fill it nearly full 
of soap suds, and then put in a tolerable quantity of the boiled mixture, making 
all milk warm:—to be used with a squirt or garden engine, stirring it all the time 
to prevent the sulphur settling. The winter is the best time for using it ; and by 
these means (he says) his trees are quite free from mildew, &c., though in a very 
bleak and cold situation. As soon as the fruit is all off his trees, he again washes 
them with soap suds, and if the wood is not ripe he lights his fires to ripen it. 
On screening the blossoms of fruit trees loith Nets and Fern, to save the 
blossom from frost and bleak winds. —In September he gathers a quantity of 
fern, and having fixed poles at the distance of four feet from each other, resting 
their tops against the coping and their lower ends about eighteen inches from the 
wall, he draws a net over them, and fastens it to the poles with matting ; fern is 
then placed or stuck in the net on the under side, afterwards another net is thrown 
over the whole, which .safely preserves them till the fruit is properly set, when 
tliey are gradually removed. 
Method of saving Peas and Beans from the attacks of Mice. —When the peas 
&.C., are sown in the common way, he gets a quantity of the tops of whins, (gorse) 
these he lays in the drills above'the seed, so close, that the shoots touch each other; 
he then covers the drills with earth, and gently presses them with the foot, and 
then draws the remainder of the earth with the hoe, into a small ridge. He 
recommends sticking tliem as soon as they appear above ground. 
Cheap ?nethod of catching Mice. —He sinks a bell-glass into the earth to the 
level of the rim, and fills it half full of water; he then throws some meal on the 
top of the water, and also spreads a little outside the glass on the soil: which 
means he has successfully proved. 
3.—British Farmers' Magazine; 8vo. published cpiarterly. 
No. 19 for MAYj 1831, —contains an article. 
Page 162.— On Orc/mding, as a meajis of increasing the produce of Small Farms. 
By William Reed, Esq, of Chat-Moss, near Warrington, Lancashire. 
After eulogising tlie lainlable efforts of the wealthy landholders, and endeavour- 
i ng to clear them of the imputations generally cast upon them, he goes on to say 
that “the small farmer lies under some disadvantages,’’ which proves the necessity 
of something being done to render the land more productive, and “as one great 
means,” to answer this end, he recommends “Orcharding,” on a plan which he 
himself has practised with considerable success; he, at once, reprobates the old 
system of planting, “here and there a straggling tree in a field of grass,” which 
are constantly exposed to the ravages of “rabbits, hares, goats, or sheep, which 
