206 
APPENDIX. 
Mr. Whitehead writes :—“ I expect this is a new species, as it is quite distinct from Cissa minor, 
and I should like it named after my father, Cissa jefferyi. The note of this bird is quite distinct from 
that of C. minor. I first met with it in pairs, at 8000 feet; but I afterwards found it at 4000 feet, where 
it closely approaches the range of C. minor. I fancy the alpine bird has a more greenish tinge than the 
latter species, which is met with at a lower altitude. While C. minor frequents the thick growth which 
springs up in a couple of years after the rice-crops, Cissa jefferyi never leaves the virgin forest.” 
When a series of this species is laid out side by side with a similar series of C. minor, a great 
difference is noticeable at once in the green colour of the bird, which is very decided, and no yellow of 
any kind appears on the crown. Sometimes a little bright blue can be seen in the plumage of the back, 
but never appears on the underparts. Independently of the strong differences in the wings and tail- 
feathers, pointed out by me in my original description, C. jefferyi, as seen in a row of specimens, can at 
once be distinguished from C. minor by the much narrower tips to the tail-feathers, and these pale ends 
are distinctly greenish white. 
The males of C. jefferyi have the wing 5’25-5*5 inches, and the females 5'2-5'4. A young bird has 
a blackish bill, the colour is more dingy, and there is no subterminal black band on the tail at all. 
[Bill and feet deep lake-red, much darker than in C. minor. Iris white, with a faint pink tinge 
round the pupil. In the young birds the bill is duller in colour, blackish towards the base. 
I first met with this beautiful bird at 8000 feet, and I could tell at once, from its note, that it was a 
different species from C. minor, and concluded that it must be a highland representative of the latter; but 
when camping at 3000 feet this species was met with again, so that it is evidently the thick forest which 
divides the two species. While C. minor inhabits the more open and cultivated districts, C. jefferyi, even 
at its lowest altitude, never quits the true forest, and the ranges of the two species never seem to overlap. 
In April the old birds had their families with them, consisting of two young ones. On the higher slopes 
of Kina Balu this species was decidedly rarer, and I found it frequenting the twisted and moss-covered 
trunks near the ground, feeding on snails and probably the small frogs which were numerous. The note 
is not nearly so clear as that of C. minor, but is still a feeble attempt at “ Ton-ka-kis.”] 
32. Platysmurus aterrimus (T.). 
[Bill and feet black ; iris crimson-lake. Not at all Crow-like in its habits, frequenting the middle 
growth in the jungle. Sometimes two or three are seen in company. One specimen was procured on 
Kina Balu at nearly 1000 feet.] 
Family Oriolid^e. 
33. Oriolus xanthonotus, Horsf. 
[Iris dark lake; bill dull pinkish red; feet blackish brown. Fairly common,frequenting the higher 
trees in the jungle. It does not extend up Kina Balu beyond 1000 feet. Native name “ Burong 
Sarawak.”] 
34. Oriolus vulneratus, sp. n., Sharpe. 
Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black ; the lower back somewhat mottled with ashy 
bases to the feathers ; lesser wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts, bastard-wing, and 
primary-coverts black, with a narrow edging of glossy blue-black, the primary-coverts margined with 
crimson near the ends ; quills black, edged with glossy black, the primaries with hoary brown ; upper 
tail-coverts like the back ; tail-feathers glossy black ; crown of head, sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, 
throat, and fore neck glossy black, with an ashy shade on the fore neck ; centre of breast glossy crimson, 
forming a large patch ; abdomen, sides of body, and flanks black, slightly varied with greyish bases to the 
feathers ; thighs and under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillaries black ; quills below blackish, 
rather more ashy along the inner web. Total length 9 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*1, tail 3 - 6, tarsus 09. 
I his is a very interesting representative of O. sanguinolentus of Java and O. conscmguineus of 
Sumatra. The reflexion of the upper plumage has more of a green gloss than in either of the allied 
