16 HINTS ON RAISING FARM CROPS 
been devised to overcome these diseases. Some 
varieties have been developed that are more re- *’ 
sisting to rust than other varieties, but there 
still remains considerable work to be done be¬ 
fore wheat can be entirely free from rust. 
Smut also exists in two forms, known as “loose 
smut” and “stinking smut.” Loose smut is 
very difficult to control. Some farmers soak 
the wheat in cool water about four hours, and 
then soak it for about ten more minutes in 
hot water having a temperature of about 129 
degree Fahrenheit. The stinking smut is more 
easily controlled by soaking the wheat in a 
formaldehyde solution. The strength of this 
solution should be about one pint of 40 per cent 
formaldehyde to forty-five gallons of water. As 
the spores of this disease are contained on the 
•outside of the wheat kernel, this strong solu¬ 
tion kills them. Hjm 
Chinch bugs, Hessian fly, and grasshoppers 
annually exact a heavy toll from the wheat 
crop. These pests are diffuctl to control, but 
in general, they are best handled by fall plow¬ 
ing, rotation of crops, and burning any rubbish 
that has accumulated, so that they will have 
little opportunity to live over winter. 
The marketing of wheat is constantly becom¬ 
ing a more and more important item to the 
farmer. One of the disadvantages of farming, 
is the poor system of marketing the farm prod¬ 
ucts. The farmer sells his products for what 
the market will pay, instead of on the basis of 
what it cost him to raise the crop. It can be 
seen that he is at a disadvantage in this re¬ 
spect. Compare him to the manufacturer, for 
