COLLECTIONS AND RECOLLECTIONS. 
119 
with oxygen; and those two elements combined in different propor¬ 
tions, form three distinct compounds, viz. carbonic acid gas, or fixed 
air, which is composed of 18 parts of carbon, and 82 parts of oxygen 
in every 100 parts: carbonic oxyde, which is composed of 40 parts 
carbon, and 60 parts oxygen ; and carbonous oxyde, which is com¬ 
mon charcoal, and is composed of 64 parts carbon, and 36 parts 
of oxygen. 
Carbon also unites with hydrogen, and thus forms carburetted hy¬ 
drogen gas, which is carbon dissolved in, or combined with, hydrogen 
—in this state it always produces a fetid smell—and hydrocarbonate, 
which is carbon combined with hydrogen in a less quantity than is 
required to convert it into gas. The mode of obtaining pure carbon, 
as described by Sir Humphrey Davy, is by burning pure spirits of 
wine in a glass tube, by which the gaseous part will be dissipated, and 
the carbon left; and as spirits of wine is one of the most limpid and 
volatile liquids, this shows how completely carbon is dissolved or 
divided, and held in perfect combination, in the purest liquids.— 
Hayward on Horticulture. 
Large Pear. —A Correspondent in Boston, America, says he 
had the pleasure of partaking, in company with seven other gentle¬ 
men, of a Duchesse d’ Angouleme pear, measuring a foot round. 
It was melting, juicy, and sweet, with a fine aroma. It was grown 
by Mr. S. G. Perkins, of Brookline, near Boston. Mr. Saul. 
Experiments on Manures, by W. Blacker, Esq. —The fol¬ 
lowing trial of manures for turnips was made this season (1834,) by 
Col. Blacker, of Carrick, in the county of Armagh. 
The ground fixed upon for the crop was meadow land, broken up, 
and set with potatoes, well manured in 1833, and trenched up during 
the winter. The turnips, White Norfolk, were sown on the 7th of 
June last, in drills, manured as under:— 
1, Pounded Bones. 
2, Burned Bones. 
3, Unmixed Peat Ashes. 
4, Pure Cow-droppings. 
5, Fresh Lime, laid in Kiln lumps, along the ridge of 
the drill, and allowed to dissolve with the weather. 
No. 4, took the lead in vegetation, by many days, followed by 
No. 2. The remaining numbers came up pretty much together, 
about a week later. During the summer and autumn, No. 4, con¬ 
tinued to excel in luxuriance. 
On the 5th of December, seven yards of each drill being measured 
off, the produce was taken up and weighed. The following was the 
result:— 
