278 
CALENDARIAL MEMORANDA FOR JULY. 
cabbage lettuce and a little of that of the green coss ditto. Such lettuce 
seedlings stand the winter better among the spinach than if sown 
alone. 
Coleworts .—About the middle of the month sow a large bed of early 
York cabbage, to be planted out in September, to be used as coleworts, 
that is, open cabbage. They are a delicious green during winter and 
spring; and some few of them which do not run, may be cut and used as 
spring cabbage. 
Turnips .—Another sowing or rather two sowings of turnips should 
be made in this month for autumn and winter use. See that the fly 
does not attack the seedlings, which if they do the latter quickly dis¬ 
appear. 
Turnip-rooted Spanish and common Radish .—This is a good season 
to sow the black and white Spanish radish for drawing in winter and 
in the following spring. The common sorts, viz. short-top and salmon, 
may also be sown about the end of the month for autumn service. If 
the ground be moist when sown, and if the season be not too dry, these 
roots arrive at great perfection. Other salad herbs, as mustard, cress, 
&c., may also be sown twice or thrice in the month. 
The growing crops requiring attention at this time are sticking peas 
and kidney runner beans, pulling up onions that are fully ripe, and 
bending down the tops of those which are forward enough; earth up 
celery and cardoons; prune off the side shoots of artichokes to enlarge 
the topmost, and when the principal heads are gathered, break down 
the stems close to the ground ; regulate and secure the vines of cucum¬ 
ber plants, allowing them plenty of water. Take up eschalots and 
garlick; gather herbs for drying, also seeds as they ripen. Destroy 
weeds, and keep the garden free from decayed crops, leaves, and all 
unsightly rubbish. 
Fruit Garden .—The greater part of what was advised last month 
relative to the management of the trees and fruit is applicable in this. 
The summer treatment of the trees, if rightly and unceasingly per¬ 
formed, secures (as far as depends on skill and diligence) well-placed 
and well-ripened wood to yield a crop next year It is only when the 
trees are in action that they can be trained into the desired form, and 
moulded into the wished-for habit. If allowed to produce a number of 
supernumerary shoots in this year, the roots will be so far excited as to 
impel a superfluous growth in the next, and consequently deranging 
that moderate condition in which all fruit trees should be kept. 
The crops in the forcing houses and frames are ripe or ripening ; to 
such no general observation can apply, except only that all fruits when 
ripening are improved in flavour by full exposure to dry air, and a 
