398 
CALENDARIAL MEMORANDA FOR OCTOBER. 
Endive. Full-grown plants may be blanched as wanted; and now 
is the time to remove a good quantity into frames, or other suitable 
places, where it may be covered and blanched for winter use. 
Lettuce. Plants raised from seed in August and September will 
now be fit for removal into winter quarters. Frames or hand-glasses 
close to the base of south walls, or narrow beds on warm borders, that 
may be hooped over and covered when necessary, are the usual means 
of preservation. It should be observed, however, that they should 
never be deprived of air and light unnecessarily , for the more they are 
nursed at this season, the less hardy they become. Small beds of the 
hardier sorts of lettuce may be sown on a dry sunward spot at this 
time. If the seedlings survive the winter,they will be useful in spring; 
if they miscarry, the loss is not great. 
Carrot. 1% small bed of the Early Horn may be now sown on a 
south border. This, covered in severe frost with peas-haulm or dry 
fern, may preserve them for use. 
The other business of this month is, again sowing salad herbs and a 
few radish, and raising the principal crops of carrots, parsneps, potatoes, 
beet, salsafy, skirret, scorzonera, and Hamburg parsley for storing. 
This is usually done in hovels or sheds fitted for the purpose ; the roots 
laid together in a perfectly dry state, or embedded, stratum super 
stratum, in dry sand. Mushroom beds may now be spawned. 
Trenching , fyc. All vacant pieces of ground intended for spring 
crops should now be trenched or double-digged, adding good dressings 
of dung where wanted. If the soil be heavy, lay it rough, or in ridges; 
if light, quite smooth. Prepare composts by collecting the different 
materials of which they are compounded, in order to be put together 
before or at the time when wanted. 
Fruit Garden. —Gathering fruit, when the weather is fine, must 
be attended to during the month. Pears and apples for keeping should 
be gathered just before they are ripe, and be very carefully handled. 
The least bruise is injurious; and therefore, in storing them in the 
fruit-room, much caution is necessary. Wall trees may be gone over once 
more, to remove irregular growths, and to stop the growing points of 
all shoots likely to bear fruit in the following year. The autumn¬ 
stopping of the shoots of fruit-trees which bear on one-year-old wood, 
is a good plan, if done at the proper time; but this we must more 
particularly advert to at some future opportunity. 
The end of this month is the best time in the whole year for removing 
fruit-trees ; if, therefore, anything requires to be done in preparing the 
places for the reception of new trees, it should be done without delay. 
Much depends on the right preparation of the soil, as well as on the. 
