The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
119 
The Milch Goat 
Part II. 
Every reader oi The R. N.-Y. knows of 
the triangle or wedge method of judging 
dairy cows. These three wedges arc to be 
looked for in a milch goat also. In fact, 
about the only difference in the general 
outline of a good milch goat or dairy cow 
is that the goat’s back slants downward 
from the hips to the tail. 
Cow men emphasize “dairy tempera¬ 
ment,” which means ability to make milk 
from most of the food eaten and is shown 
by a bony frame, which makes the angles 
above referred to more pronounced. Most 
good goats will remain quite thin during 
the lactation period, and if they lay on 
flesh will do so sparingly. The doe should 
be active and alert. If one keeps in mind 
a good type of dairy cow he will not go 
wrong iu judging a goat. 
A great many freshen for the first time 
at one year of age, but this is too young 
if you wish your goat to be as good as 
nature will let her. Two years old is the 
proper age for the first kidding, and with 
good care she will improve for several 
years. At seven years she is considered in 
her prime and will live until 10 or 12. 
M. Crepin, the French authority, says 
that the French keep them in stalls all 
their lives, and that they live and produce 
a paying flow of milk until they are from 
15 to 20 years of age. This must be hard 
on the goats, and I doubt whether the off¬ 
spring is of any value. Pasture is not 
necessary, for the leading breeder in Penn¬ 
sylvania, the last time I saw his herd, had 
them in a large yard in the daytime and 
kept them in box stalls at night. He had 
Pure Toggcnhurg Gallon Milker With 
First Kid 
over 100 and those which he had raised 
had never been on range. 
Their age is easily determined until 
after the fifth year. The first year of a 
goat’s life it has eight small even teeth in 
the lower jaw. At the beginning of the 
second year the two center teeth are re¬ 
placed by two large ones. The third 
year the two teeth on either side of the 
middle are replaced, and so on until the 
fifth year, when the goat has a full 
mouth. After this one can go by general 
appearance alone, unless there are regis¬ 
try papers. 
A great many people are of the opinion 
that a goat will live upon a little brush 
and provide a gallon of milk a day. Coats 
will live and thrive on a brush pasture, 
but do not expect them to give a large 
flow of milk without concentrates. As I 
have never forced my goats for milk, I 
feed about one pint of oats and bran night 
and morning. Not because I think it 
best, but because I raise the grain. A 
balanced ration is what they should have, 
and I think that iu that ration, if I ever 
need more milk, I will include beet pulp. 
The Californians are strong for rolled 
barley. This I am not familiar with, but 
believe the ratio is about 1 to S. I do 
not know whether the goats are fond of 
the flavor or if it is used because Cali¬ 
fornia raises a great deal of barley, and 
therefore it is easier to obtain. At any 
rate, most of their mixtures contain some 
of the following: Rolled barley, oats, 
dried beet pulp, middlings, cocoanut meal, 
oilmeal and bran. My friend, Dr. Gut¬ 
man, is having very good success with one 
of the dairy feeds as milk producer, but 
for his growing goats he feeds equal parts 
each of ground oats and cornmeal. one- 
half part wheat bran and one-fourth part 
oilmeal. with beet pulp. One must bear 
in mind, however, that well-fed animals 
need more attention than those which 
have to hunt for their living, and if you 
feed goats grain be sure you make them 
comfortable and watch their health care¬ 
fully. 
A goat is very clean and extremely par¬ 
ticular of what she eats. "We have only 
one that will eat a carrot or apple that 
has been bitten into by another. Nor 
will they eat hay which has been walked 
upon. Therefore, care should be taken in 
making the hayracks from which they are 
to be fed. They are very fond of salt, 
and I have heard of cases of poisoning 
where it has been kept away from them 
for too long a time and then letting them 
have all they would eat. We keep bricks 
of salt in galvanized frames where they 
can lick it every day when let out of their 
stalls. M. G. s. 
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