122 
‘iht Rural, new-yorker 
January 17, 1920 
Owna 
" Selected " Farm 
in Western Canada 
Make Bigger Profits! 
T HE most wonderful opportunity in the world for 
Business Farmers is in the “SELECTED” FARMS 
which can be bought for$15 to $40 an acre along thelines I 
of the Canadian National Railways in Western Canada. 
“Selected” Farms 
These “SELECTED” Farms are care¬ 
fully chosen from the cream of the rich¬ 
est wheat and cattle country in America, 
to meet your special needs, on the advice 
of experts representing 14,000 miles of 
railway, whose assistance, though free to 
home seekers, is of great practical value. 
A Cordial Welcome 
Western Canada extends a helpful hand 
to home seekers. ^Friendly neighbors. 
With the same customs and language— 
splendid schools, churches and social 
life—every benefit that you formerly 
enjoyed and many advantages that you 
could not get from higher priced land 
elsewhere—warm, sunny, growing sum¬ 
mers and dry, cold, healthy winters— 
await you in this wonderfully prosper¬ 
ous “LAST WEST.” 
Taxes Are Low 
Western Canada taxes fall lightly on 
the farmer. A small tax on land, but 
buildings, improvements, animals, ma¬ 
chinery and personal property are all 
tax exempt. 
Big Profits in Wheat 
and Dairying 
Western Canada is famous for its big 
wheat yields. “SELECTED” FARMS 
along the lines of the Canadian National 
Railways average more than 20 bushels 
of wheat to the acre. Under specially 
favorable conditions a yield of 50 to 60 
bushels per acre is not uncommon. 
Dairying is exceptionally profitable. 
That soil and climate are well adapted 
to it is shown in greatly increased pro¬ 
duction and high quality maintained. A world¬ 
wide market awaits all that Western Canada can 
produce. 
Fortunes from Beef and 
Dairy Cattle 
Western Canada, the Cattle Man’s Para¬ 
dise! Beef and dairy cattle yield great 
profits. Stock thrive on the prairie 
grasses, which in many cases cure stand¬ 
ing and make fine hay. Cattle and horses re¬ 
quire only natural shelter most of the weather, 
and bring high prices without grain feeding. 
Easy Terms 
Terms on “SELECTED” Farms: About 10 per 
cent cash down, balance in equal payments over 
a term of years; interest usually 6 per cent. 
Special Rates to Home Seekers / d’ewitt"foster! 
Superintendent Reionrcei, 
Canadian National Railwart, 
Dept. -< 81 , Marquette Building, 
CHICAGO 
Please send me tree and without oh- 
a - ligation to me, complete information 
4r on the items concerning Western Canada 
S checked below: 
j .Opportunities for Big Profits In Wheat. 
T . Big Money-Making from Stock Raising. 
^ ..Special Railway Rates for Home Seeker*. 
✓ " 
^ Name. 
Address .R. F. D.. 
Special railway rates will be made for home seekers and * 
their effects to encourage personal inspection of the S 
Farms along the lines of the Canadian National Rail- f 
ways. Rates and full information will be sent free S 
on request. Write or mail coupon TODAY! 
Dewitt Foster 
Superintendent of Resources 
Canadian National Railway* 
Dept. 2781 
Marquette Building 
Chicago, Illinois 
Canadian 
Nahanai 
p ailmaq s 
..Business and Industrial Opportunities. 
State.. 
Farmers Have Tested Paroid for 20 Year s and More 
Proof of wear — that’s what most farmers 
insist on knowing before they buy roofing. 
Neponset Paroid, familiarly called 4 'Good Old Paroid,** 
has a wonderful record of protecting cattle, stock, tools, crops, 
garages, and homes from the attacks of rain and sleet, sun and 
snow—at lowest service cost per square foot per year. 
It is beautiful enough for your house and low enough in 
price to use on less expensive buildings. Protects your prop¬ 
erty from fire. Easily laid right over old wooden shingles 
or on new roof boards. Makes an ideal siding. 
THREE COLORS 
Impregnated with asphalt and 
surfaced with slate or talc, Neponset 
Paroid is water-proof, tough, strong 
and flexible. Easily laid by anyone. 
Nails and cement come with each roll. 
Paroid slate-surfaced comes in two 
beautiful colors — natural slate-red 
and slate-greeu. Paroid gray is an 
unusually thick, heavy roofing. Its 
surface is almost white. 
There’s a Neponset Paroid roofing 
for every need and every purpose. The 
Neponset dealer in your town can 
supply your needs. 
Write us for full information. 
PIRD & SON, inc. 
(Established 1795) 
East Walpole, Mass* 
Farm Mechanics 
Increasing Power with Electricity 
I wish to know if increased power can 
be had by using electricity over and above 
the power used to make it. I have been 
told that in machine shops they keep 
using steam engines to generate electricity 
and then get more power to run their 
machinery by electricity than the power 
it took to make it. T. o’c. 
Wayland, N. Y. 
No, you cannot lift yourself by your 
own boot straps by way of electricity 
any more than you can by the way of 
“catalysis” or “vitamines,” or even by 
way of radium, marvelous as they all are. 
Yet there is something in what you have 
been told, only, by using power in the 
form of electricity, they have more avail¬ 
able power but less total power. Here 
is an illustration, not perfect, hut pass¬ 
able. Suppose you had a chunk of prac¬ 
tically pure gold. It would not he worth, 
much to you, except to look at or use as 
a weight to keep a door open. Yet, if 
someone said, “Let me take that down 
to the Treasury and bring back gold coin 
for it,” you would send it willingly and 
think it no more than just to pay for the 
service. Yet ymu would get back, after 
you had paid tor that service, less. gold 
than you sent. But it would be available 
gold; you could make it do for you a little 
here, a little there, more some other place, 
which the original lump could by no means 
do unless you went back to old-fashioned 
barter and chipped off bits. 
So the steam engine furnishes power 
in large chunks. The old way was to 
make it turn a lot of shafting, which was 
a steady waste, in order that here and 
there some machine could be hitched to 
the shaft by a belt and the power used. 
It is possible that when there are a great 
many machines all running at once and 
at a steady rate, a constant load, as it is 
called, the shaft and belt system is still 
the best, but even that is disputed. But 
where there are many small machines, 
used irregularly and at varying speeds 
and under different loads, it pays to trans¬ 
form the power at once into the form of 
power that we .call “electricity,” and dis¬ 
tribute that to the places it will he needed. 
Then, at each place, is the machine to 
change the power back again into motion 
according to the requirements of the at¬ 
tached machine, or, in other words, the 
steam engine is geared to a dynamo or 
generator, and each machine to a suitable 
motor. Now. against the loss by shaft¬ 
ing. partly slip and partly friction, we 
must balance the loss in two transforma¬ 
tions and the loss in transmission by re¬ 
sistance. There is also the greater cost of 
motors over shafting and against this the 
saving of time of employees in the long 
run. All in all. it is quite generally agreed 
that so much more available power is ob¬ 
tained that it pays to transform and put 
in a motor whatever power is to he 
needed. But do not think for a moment 
that there is any device at all by which 
you can get power out of nothing. C. 
Estimating Horse Power 
How much horsepower will one ton of 
coal produce in one day of eight hours? 
How would you estimate the value of a 
horsepower per day in a mill run by 
water power? it. s. 
New Jersey. 
Various authorities state that the com¬ 
plete burning of one pound of coal, if all 
of the heat so generated could be applied 
usefully, would be sufficient to warm 
seven tons of water from 62 to 63 degrees 
F.—an equivalent of 14,000 British ther¬ 
mal units. By experiment it has also 
been demonstrated that the heat required 
to raise one pound of water one degree, 
a B. T. U. is also capable, if applied 
rightly, of raising a weight of approxi¬ 
mately 778 lbs. through a distance of one 
foot. ' From this it' follows that perfectly 
burning a pound of coal and utilizing all 
of the heat so generated would liberate 
sufficient energy to lift a weight of 10.- 
896.200 pounds one foot. If this coal 
were burned and the work performed in 
the space of one hour it would be equal to 
doing work at the approximate rate of 
51/> horsepower for each pound of coal 
consumed. 
Unfortunately, however, the steam en¬ 
gine is far from being a perfect device, 
and only from 2 5 to 20 per cent of the 
possible energy of the coal burned is de¬ 
livered at the belt wheel, the remainder 
escaping through unpreventahle heat aud 
friction losses. The ordinary high pres¬ 
sure engine, exhausting directly into the 
open air against atmospheric pressure, 
is very wasteful of heat — the driving 
power of the engine—and this is the rea¬ 
son why the results given above are so 
at variance with the results noted from 
actual experience. As a matter of fact, 
one authority states that from 3 to 4 lbs. 
of coal are required per hour to generate 
steam sufficient to furnish energy at the 
rate of one horsepower or at the rate of 
about .25 horsepower per pound of coal 
consumed. 
Using the above discussion as a basis, 
the ton of coal burned at the rate that 
you mention, 250 lbs. per hour,. should, if 
perfectlv burned and utilized, liberate en¬ 
ergy at the rate of 1.375 horsepower. 
Under actual average conditions, how¬ 
ever, it probably could not be expected 
to produce more than from 60 to 8-> 
horsepower continuously during the period 
of burning, because of the heat losses 
mentioned. 
In regard to the value of a water horse¬ 
power hour, or leather a water horsepower 
day that you speak of, it seems rather 
difficult to give anything like a definite 
satisfactory answer. There are many 
factors involved. It would seem, though, 
that by putting the use of the capital tied 
up in the dam, flume, water rights, etc., 
the depreciation, the cost of upkeep and 
repairs, as well as all other legitimate 
expenses connected with the upkeep and 
operation of the power installation, the 
above expenses to be figured on the basis 
of one day, to this adding a reasonable 
percentage of profit and dividing by the 
horsepower developed, would give a rea¬ 
sonably close estimate of the value of a 
horsepower so developed. A local electric 
company charges at the rate of about 2c 
per horsepower per hour where current is 
used in quantity, but this, of course, rep¬ 
resents returns on transmission lines, 
electrical and office equipment, as well 
as a good fat margin of profit. 
R. h. s. 
Electric Power from Stream 
I am thinking of installing a small elec¬ 
tric plant. I have a stream of water that 
runs a wave 16 in. wide and 2*4 in. deep, 
and has 5 ft. fall. I can hold some water 
back. The water flow is 50 ft. a minute. 
N. S. M. 
Judging from your description, it seems 
that the stream would hardly pay for de¬ 
velopment electrically. You say that it 
runs a “wave” 16 in. wide, is 2% in. 
deep and has a velocity of 50 ft. per "min¬ 
ute. You also state that a 5 ft. fall is ob¬ 
tainable. This indicates that the stream 
as described is capable of developing 
13/100 horsepower. This is the theoret¬ 
ical horsepower—the amount that might 
be secured if every drop of water could be 
utilized and the equipment was 100 per 
cent perfect. It is probable that there 
would be a loss of nearly one-half of this 
before the stream could be transformed 
to electric current and brought to the 
lights. 
It is possible, however, that you might 
he able to develop more power. The fact 
that you give the velocity of the stream 
as 50 ft. per minute, and state that it 
might be possible to use a dam, leads me 
to think that this might be so. Cannot a 
greater fall be secured by putting in a 
small dam and carrying the water down¬ 
stream to the wheel in an open trough 
carried on trestles? Water does work by 
reason of its weight aud position; the 
greater the fall with an equal volume of 
water, the greater the power developed, 
and if by carrying the water down stream 
in this manner the fall could be doubled 
the power obtainable would be doubled 
as well. 
As it stand, the power might be de¬ 
veloped for pumping. Very small powers 
can he used in this way, but it is hardly 
worth while for electrical development. 
There are ball-hearing wheels designed 
especially for these small powers. 
R. H. 8. 
Hope Farm Notes 
(Continued from page 106) 
restaurant with 50 dishes to select, I have 
ordered bread and cheese and a dish of 
yellow turnips—to the scorn aud scandal 
of my family! Now aud then the girls 
work me in. The other night there was 
a “turkey supper” at the church, aud in 
a forgetful hour I agreed to take the 
crowd. They did not tell me until I was 
nearly there that owing to the high cost 
of turkey the dinner cost $1.50 per plate. 
Of course, I know the old joke about the 
church social oyster stew with one oyster 
in it—but at our church they give good 
measure and good quality. My daughter 
went along armed with a big mince pie! 
In former days mother used to wait on 
the table but this year she played the part 
of “guest.” I imagine I go to church so 
seldom that they thought they would make 
it doubly pleasant for me. so the young 
woman brought me a noble helping. In 
these high-cost-of-living days it is a sin 
to leave anything on your plate. I did 
my best, but for several days it became 
evident to me that my “feasting” days 
are over. I suppose I know 25 people 
who are digging their graves with their 
teeth, aud having a hard time doing it. 
Many a woman has been forced to cut. 
down her kitchen work and cut out a lot 
of rich “made” dishes. More fruit and 
cereals and such dishes as may be kept 
in a fireless cooker save the women and 
help the family. One of the advantages 
of the little grinder I have mentioned is 
that it will give us freshly ground grain, 
which I believe to be far better than old 
flour. When a man gets to be 50 it’s 
about time for him to stop eating for fun 
and try eating to live. Many years ago 
a medical authority wrote the following, to 
all of which I say—amen! 
“Every ivise man after Fifty ought to 
begin to lessen at least the quantity of his 
Aliment , and if he would continue free of 
great and dangerous Distempers aud pre¬ 
serve his Senses and Faculties clear to the 
last he ought every seveu years go on 
nbateing gradually and sensibly, and at 
last descend out of Life as he ascended 
into it, even into the Chield’s Diet.” 
H. W. C. 
