142 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 24, 1920 
G rass starts to grow before the soil is warm enough to 
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highly active, soluble fertilizer. That s where Uubbartfe 
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Middletown Conn. 
Portland, Conn, 
Dept. A 
Office and Works 
iS^TiiinEfa. 
General Farm Topics 
Grown under ideal climatic conditions in the largest Nurseries in 
New York State, where only the newest and best methods of raising, 
handling and selling Nursery Stock are employed. 
INTRODUCTORY OFFER 
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Questions About Maple Sap 
1. In my maple orchard I find on many 
trees a dead V-shaped split above and 
been closely watched since, attracting the 
attention of the members of the station 
staff and of visiting horticulturists. The 
below the tapping hole. There seems to is a description of tree au(l 
kn T ___XT..1 • «_ irUlL . 
be no new growth. I was careful in bor¬ 
ing and driving in spiles. What is the 
cause and cure? 2. Will one spile to the 
bucket run as much sap as two spiles 
four inches apart? 3. On several occa¬ 
sions when we had had a slow freeze that 
had been exactly right, I found in the 
bottom of the buckets, after removing the 
ice, a couple of tablespoonfuls of thick, 
perfectly transparent liquid, which proved 
upon test to be maple syrup of a most 
wonderful flavor. Such syrup, with such 
a flavor, would command any price a man 
dared to ask, which suggests the ques¬ 
tion : -Why not a refrigerating plant in 
In general the young trees resemble 
those of Northern Spy. They are up- 
right, spreading, rather dense, with a 
moderately stocky trunk and slender 
branches. The trees are vigorous and 
healthy, and very hardy, since they sur¬ 
vived the severe Winter of 1917-191S. 
The fruit matures from December to 
March, is large, oblate-conic, ribbed, sym¬ 
metrical ; color pale yellow, blushed, mot¬ 
tled and faintly splashed with pinkish red, 
prevailing effect yellow; flesh yellow, firm, 
coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid; qual¬ 
ity good. 
stead of a"n evnporn* 'Wouldn’Fit be , of Tio ° sa j s recommended as a very 
cheaper to freeze the water out than to hUh a PP eara “Ce and 
boil it out? adb. • s (ies ? rviug a trial 1U 
DeRuveter NY all the fruit regions of New York. A 
’ * limited number of the trees can be ob- 
1. The trouble was probably caused by tainod from the New York State Fruit 
lack of care in withdrawing the spiles, Testing Co-operative Association, Ine., 
whereby the bark was wrenched loose Geneva, N. Y. Any person who wishes 
from the wood. Bark so loosened never test this variety should write to the 
becomes attached. Hence it dries and secretary-treasurer of the association, 
dies, thus causing the death of the wood W. C. Stone, Geneva, N. Y. 
beneath. There is no direct remedy, but 
CONTENTS 
unless the trees are badly infested with 
some kind of au internal fungus disease, 
a new growth of wood will gradually 
spread over the sear. There is no occa¬ 
sion for the exercise of any great amount 
of care in making the tap-holes, or in 
driving the spouts. But, at the close of 
the season, the new growth has loosened 
the bark, and it is then necessary to use wvi.™ 
care or the bark will be wrenched from ®™ hun &_ Muc k Land........ ho 
t'L/x l._ J_ • it 
THE BUBAL NEW-YORKER, JAN. 24, 1920 
FARM TOPICS 
Problems of New England Agrioulture— 
Part II ... 140 
., - •. or Branch Root Alfalfa... lau 
the wood, as has been done m the present How to wind Up the Plow Reins. 141 
instance. The Value of Alsike Clover. 141 
2. Two spiles to a bucket placed four S 'H®ndw rn Stover; Best Methods of ^ 
inches apart will yield more sap than one. Hauling Out 'iianure!1I'll 143 
11ns is easily proven, experimentally, by Value of Corncobs.143 
hanging two buckets on opposite sides Potatoes .. 143 
a oT' Use f tw .°l SP °H tS t0 aV 6 bl,cket Agriculture'Lt Columbia‘ University*.!’.!!'.!! 144 
ana only one to the other. Almost in- Chestnut for Silo. 150 
varibly there will be the more sap in the Hope Farm Notes......!!!!!!'.!!!!!! 158 
bucket with two spouts. And if the sec- Agricultural Denartment. 161 
ond tap-hole is made after the season has 
well advanced and the flow has slightly 
slackened, a still greater aggregate quan¬ 
tity of sap will result. This practice 
takes the place of and is superior to ream¬ 
ing. 
3. You are just everlastingly right. 
Maple products owe their delicate flavor _ r . o _.. 
to the presence of a very elusive essence. Success with Swine. ."!!!!"’. iJm 
_ Y _ * _ L .*1. * < 1 .« . ■ Tb A %• a Li a TT __ 
c 
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yieldera and wonderfully firm. No weak points. My catalogue 
fully describes their merits—-also 40 other varieties together 
with Culture booklet, 63 years' practical experience growing 
for market—all free. Write today. J. T. Garrison & Sons, 
Woodstown, N. J. 
i which chemists have as yet been unable 
to isolate and separate, but of the exist¬ 
ence of which they, as well as all maple 
[sugar makers, are perfectly well aware. 
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WM. HENRY MAULE, Inc. 
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Grapefruit Appetite and Milk Salary..”. 161 
The Markets of Seattle, Wash., as They 
Look to a Yankee... 161 
Northern Ohio Notes. 167 
Hay on a Concrete Floor.. 174 
Crops and Farm News. 176 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
A Prize Merino Ram. jg4 
Improving Expensive Ration..!.!!. 164 
Success with Swine.. j ” ig4 
The Arabian Horse. jg4 
Feeding Steers and Heifers.163 
Feeding Value of Cow.>. jgg 
Ration with Shredded Fodder.” . ‘ igg 
Feeding Buckwheat and Gluten.166 
In boiling the sap a large part of this Maidnt . 
essence becomes volatilized and passes off HoghouseFloor . 
with steam, to which it imparts the deli- Hse of Self-feeder. igs 
eate aroma always noticed when boiling The Milch Goat.. . .172 
sap or syrup. In addition to this, caramel Vaiue of Buckwheat”?! !!!11” I. m 
is always formed m greater or less quan- Feeding Milch Cows. 175 
tities during the process of evaporation. S r ? i in }Y ith . st ? ver . 175 
This not only darkens the product, thus —A - ; . 175 
rendering it less attractive, but it over- Trouble with* cCrlii^! nne 0nlons . US 
powers the delicate flavor of the essence 
and substitutes its own coarse, rank flavor 
By the concentration of the sap by the 
proeess of congelation, the essence is pre¬ 
served in its original purity and strength, 
there is absoultely none of the coarser, 
caramel flavor, the product is as clear as 
the purest water, and possesses the most 
delicious flavor of any substance ever put 
into the month of any human being. 
I doubt very much if it would be pos¬ 
sible to freeze the moisture out sufficiently 
to crystallize the sugar into a solid prod¬ 
uct. but; the system has been tried out ex¬ 
perimentally, and upon a small scale. 
The method adopted is essentially as fol¬ 
lows: The sap is first frozen by chem¬ 
ical processes, of which there are several, 
similarly as water is frozen in the manu¬ 
facture of artificial ice. Then the ice is 
passed through a grinder which crushes 
it about as fine as coarse sand. It is then 
placed in a centrifugal machine, which 
revolves at the rate of 2.000 times a min¬ 
ute, and the syrup is separated from the 
ice by centrifugal force. This centrifugal 
machine is used in the beet sugar factories 
for separating the molasses from the 
sugar, and consists of an upright, barrel- 
like, copper cylinder, perforated with very 
minute holes, and surrounded with a steel 
jacket. Centrifugal force throws the 
liquid through the holes and against the 
jacket, while the solid particles remain 
inside. It is. in fact, almost identical 
with the centrifugal machines used in 
laundries for wringing wet clothes. Could 
this process be made practicable, a syrup 
would result which, as the subscriber sug¬ 
gests, would find a ready market, when 
introduced, at almost any price that one 
might ask. Even at a dollar a pint the 
available supply would be taken. The 
chief difficulty in tjie way of a successful 
operation of such a plant is the cost of 
tihe plant in comparison with the output 
of syrup possible from the limited amount 
of sap that it would be practicable to as¬ 
semble at the plant. c. o. obmsbee. 
The Tioga Apple 
The Tioga apple originated on the 
grounds of the New York Experiment 
Station, Geneva, N. Y. It is a seedling 
of Sutton crossed with Northern Spy in 
1899. In 1901 scions were top-worked 
on a tree in one of the station orchards 
and the performance of the variety has 
„ _ . Churning-. iso 
Feeding Freshening Heifer; Fattening Calf 180 
Feeding Value of Alfalfa Meal. 180 
Buying Heifer; Breeding from Mongrel 
Hens . 280 
Dairy Feed . ion 
Catarrh . jgj 
Grease Heel . jsi 
Poisoning ... J*. jgj 
Eye Disease ..'. 181 
THE HENYARD 
A Poultryman and the Land Bank. 166 
The Egg-laying Contest. 179 
Would You Breed from These Hens? . 179 
Suspected Roup . 179 
Late Hatched Chickens.179 
Beans as _ Poultry Food.!.'!!!. 178 
Curtains in Henhouse.178 
Private Records for Hens. 178 
HORTICULTURE 
The Scientific Search for a Plant.139, 140 
Mushroom Culture . 146 
Heating Small Hotbed. 148 
Raspberries for Vermont. 148 
Male and Female Corn. 148 
Plant Lice . 154 
Root-knot on Tomatoes; Sub-irrigation of 
Lettuce . 159 
Wistaria Fails to Bloom. 159 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day. 162 
Oat Flake Cookies. 162 
Hardwood Floors for an Old Houso. 162 
The Rural Patterns. 162 
New Dresses from Old Coats.162, 163 
Embroiderv Designs . 163 
Without Fire v. 163 
Extra Help .. 163 
Eggless Cake . 163 
Lightning Cake . 163 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Engine with Cracked Water-jacket. 141 
Events of the Week. 144 
Attracting Wild Bees. 149 
Ownership of Bee Tree..... 149 
Foul Brood ......a.*;. 149 
Keeping Roads Open.......• 150 
The Sunny Side. 152 
The Frosty Side. 152 
Buying Farm by Contract. 152 
The “Cruel Landlord’s” Story. 1S2 
This Man Starts Right. 152 
A Good Yielding Variety of Oats. 154 
How Worms Rain Down. 154 
Leaning Chimneys . 154 
A Stick That Walks. 155 
Various Farm Problems. 156 
Ice in Cabbage Storage. 15<> 
City and Country Investments. 156 
Editorials . 160 
N. Y, Assembly and the Socialists. 161 
Price Fixing . 161 
Homemade Sugar Syrup. 170 
The Odd Jobs List. 170 
Pipeless Furnace .. 170 
Tanning Small Furs . 170 
Horse Meat as Human Food... 174 
Markets . 177 
Publisher’s Desk .. 184 
