The RURAL NEW.YORKER 
January 24, 1920 
148 
X have used my Hardie 
sprayer for two seasons, 
putting out 18000 gallons 
of liquid each year with¬ 
out having . spent 0 cent 
for repairs. 
Sincerely yours. 
J. T. TEMPXETON. 
Proctorvillc, O. 
Inclosed find 20c for 
drain plug No. 605. I have 
used my sprayer two years 
without one minutes 
trouble and this is the only 
repair I had to buy and it 
was lost. 
Yours truly, 
J. B. CARNES. 
Ironton,O, 
These Records Prove Hardie 
Durability and Service 
Every year Hardie users tell us about 
the results they are getting from their 
•prayers—rapid and effective spraying— 
low upkeep costs, freedom from repairs, 
economical operation and bigger profits 
from better grade fruit. 
Here are some of the records and there 
are many more like them that show em¬ 
phatically the exceptional service you 
can get from a Hardie Sprayer. But 
Hardie Sprayers are built that way — 
designed to give you years of effective 
spraying—making you money each year 
from its work—saving you money each 
year from its economical operation. 
Twenty years experience enable us to 
build reliable power sprayers with big 
capacity and high pressure — sprayers 
that operate day in and day out at low 
cost of operation and upkeep. 
Write for Hardie catalog. It shows what the Hardie can 
do for you. Follow the example of the most successful fruit 
growers in the country. Put your faith in a Hardie. 
THE HARDIE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, HUDSON, MICHIGAN 
Branches: Portland, Ore. Hagerstown, Md. Kansas City, Mo. Los Angeles, Cal. 
iUIlOliilllllllilllllllllllilllllllllM^ 
Quit Kicking About High Priced Lime 
WHEN YOU CAN BUY 
Reichard’s Lehigh Hydrated Lime 
AT A REASONABLE PRICE 
Pure White in color. Packed 
in strong roomy 50-lb. bags, 
which will stand long storage 
and allow for air slaking. 
The Highest Testing 
Hydrate on the Market 
Prices Right Prompt Shipments 
Write for particulars, descrip¬ 
tive booklet,'freight rates, etc. 
ROBERT A. REICHARD 
15 W. Lawrence St. ALLENTOWN, PA. 
Agents 
Wanted 
Active, reliable, on salary, to 
take subscriptions for Rural 
New-Yorker in Ohio. Pre¬ 
fer men who have horse or 
auto. Address 
J. G. Mulholland 
Gen. Delivery, Columbus, O. 
or 
The Rural New-Yorker 
333 W. 30th St. N. Y. City 
wwm i//////// 
The best-built drills 
on the market— 
backed by 33 years 
manufacturing ex¬ 
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with Jessup force 
feed — positive and 
accurate. Lightest draft—box placed to 
rear of center relieves horse of neck 
weight. Driven by both wheels—no side 
draft or loss in turning. Draw bars of 
heavy angle steel, no bending or twist¬ 
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wheels. Uoe, Single Disc and Double 
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Horticultural Notes 
Heating Small Hotbed; Cabbage Maggot 
1. Is it practicable to heat a two or 
three-sash frame with an ordinary kero¬ 
sene heater? Manure here is expensive 
and difficult to get, and I thought that 
with the heater I could start my seeds 
earlier than I usually do in an ordinary 
hotbed, without the risk of the seedlings 
getting checked by a cold spell after the 
heat of the manure had subsided. I pre¬ 
sume the fumes from the heater would 
be injurious to tender plants, and. there¬ 
fore, it would he necessary to have the 
lamp boxed in with a pipe or pipes to 
carry out the fumes. I had thought of 
putting the heater low down in front of 
the frame, accessible from the outside for 
refilling, etc., having it tightly boxed in 
and having two lines of ordinary stove 
pipe, each running along half the front 
and turning along the side of the frame, 
with an outlet through the hack. I would 
have the pipes far enough below the glass 
to allow of an open-work staging above 
them on which to stand the seed boxes. 
To prevent too dry an atmosphere, I 
would have cloths with their ends in a 
vessel of water lying on the pipes. Can 
anyone tell me if this plan would be suc¬ 
cessful? 2. I would also like to know 
a reliable preventive for white maggots 
on cauliflower roots. Last season a 
Polish truck farmer gave me for trial a 
quantity of what seemed to be sand 
moistened with crude oil or creosote. His 
instructions were to put about a teaspoon- 
ful around the stem of each plant, ex¬ 
plaining that as the wind swayed the 
plants some of the sand would trickle 
down toward the roots, and that the smell 
of the oil or creosote was repellant to the 
fly that laid the eggs. I made two ap¬ 
plications with an intervening period of 
about two weeks, the last time having 
only enough stuff to go over half the 
plants, and these were practically free 
from maggots. n. M. B. 
Itoslyn, N. Y. 
IT. M. B. outlines a pioposed method 
of heating a small frame of three sashes 
that should work very well. If a regular 
kerosene heater, such as is used for heat¬ 
ing in the dwelling, is used it would be 
best to remove the top and have a tin¬ 
smith fit a plain sheet-iron cylinder on 
top, with an outlet for the escape of the 
products of combustion. A four-inch 
stovepipe would answer for this purpose, 
and with the heater at one end of the 
frame the pipe could be carried to the 
farther end and returned to the end at 
which the. heater is, carrying it' on an in¬ 
cline the entire way around. The heater 
should be entirely in the frame, and a 
small door could be arranged to get at 
it for filling and adjusting the flame. The 
suggested method for supplying moisture 
looks well worthy of a trial. Keeping 
the soil under the seed boxes wet will 
also aid materially in keeping the atmos¬ 
phere in a moist state. 
2. The first preventive for the cabbage 
maggot would be to grow the seedlings in 
a tight frame under muslin to keep the 
fly from depositing the eggs. It is pos¬ 
sible that a small portion of tobacco dust 
worked into the soil around the plant may 
prove beneficial. Carbolic acid emulsion 
is a pretty sure cure and preventive. Pre¬ 
pare according to these proportions: 
Whale-oil soap, 8 lhs.; crude carbolic 
acid, 1 gal; water, S gals. Dissolve the 
soap in hot water, add the acid, and boil 
slowly for 20 minutes. For application, 
remove a little soil from the surface 
around plants and spray this emulsion 
into soil after diluting it in the propor¬ 
tion of one part, to .‘10 parts of water. 
E. j. w. 
Male and Female Corn 
Why do we never find uneven numbers 
of rows on an ear of corn? It is always 
eight, 10. 12 and so on. and never uneven. 
I claim every two rows are paired, male 
and female. You never find one missing 
row; it is always in pairs, two or font- 
rows. n. b. 
South Carolina. 
^\t one time, long before Columbus came 
to the shores of the New World, the corn 
plant was far different front what it now 
is. Formerly the seeds were borne at the 
top of the stalks, somewhat Lice sorghum, 
and in a general way similar to wheat, 
oats or any common grass. Both seed 
parts and pollen-producing parts were to¬ 
gether in the same flowers, called perfect 
flowers by the botanists. During the long 
process of domestication, separation of the 
two kinds of flowers has taken place, so 
that the pollen-bearing flowers remained 
on top, where they had the best opportu- 
| nity to scatter their pollen by the wind, 
while the seed-bearing flowers were placed 
lower down on the stalk in a better posi¬ 
tion to receive pollen. The part that pro¬ 
duces the pollen is analogous to the male 
of animals, while the structures that con¬ 
tain the seeds corresponds to the female. 
Obviously then the paired rows of grain 
on the ears cannot be considered as male 
and female, for they are clearly both fe¬ 
male. 
That the number is always even is due 
to the fact that the unit of structure in 
both male and female flowers is two. In 
the tassels the spikelets are paired and 
these pairs are arranged alternately on 
the branches of the tassel. Botanists are 
not all agreed as to the exact sequence 
of events which have taken place in the 
vast changes from a tassel-like seed-hear¬ 
ing structure to the ear as it now appears. 
However, there is no question but that 
the ear has been derived from the tassel, 
and that this is built on the basic plan of 
two. The abnormal freak ears which are 
seen in nearly every cornfield, in which 
seeds are produced in the tassels, particu¬ 
larly on suckers, is a harking back to a 
primitive condition, and shows the prog¬ 
ress that has been accomplished in the 
domestication of this most valuable plant. 
D. F. JONES. 
Connecticut Experiment Station. 
Raspberries for Vermont; Grafting Wax 
1. I intend to plant red raspberries and 
blackberries. Our Winters are very cold : 
20 deg. below zero is not uncommon. 
What good conimei-cial varieties can yon 
advise that will stand our climate? 
2. The ground was well manured last 
season. All I have now is hen manure 
and wood ashes. Will this be good 
enough for first season? 3. Do berries 
respond to lime? 4. Can scions for graft¬ 
ing apples he cut in Winter? 5. How is 
grafting wax made? J. L. F. 
Richfoi-d, Vt. 
1. In this vicinity we find June for 
early and Cutliburt for main season are 
the best varieties of red raspberries. June 
is early fruiting, ripening the last week 
in June, and is very productive. Cuth- 
bert is a long-season berry, and with us 
has been very satisfactory. With the 
black raspberries (caps) Plum Farmer 
seems best suited. It is a midseason 
berry and very productive. Snyder is a 
very hardy blackberry and on our trial 
grounds we secured an average of 3.000 
quarts per acre this past season. This 
fruit is also a midseason variety, very 
productive, hut small. 
2. A soil prepared as stated is good 
enough. Hen manure is too strong, and 
I would recommend horse or cow manure 
only. A reasonably fertile soil is desir¬ 
able, hut too much fertilizer acts at the 
expense of fruit production. On a soil 
lacking in potash a light top-dressing of 
wood ashes is satisfactory. 
3. Bed raspberries do not like an acid 
soil and will respond readily to lime. 
Blackcaps are injured by too much lime, 
ns they like a slightly acid soil. Where 
they grow wild in the thickets there is 
generally a leaf mold which is quite acid. 
Blackberries have proven satisfactory on 
both acid and alkaline soils, hut when 
the soil is very sour lime generally im¬ 
proves the yield. 
4. Yes. A great deal of grafting is 
done in Spring during the dormant season. 
5. There are two kinds—resin and al¬ 
coholic wax. Resin is a hard wax, used 
for cleft grafting. Formula: Resin, four 
parts, by weight; beeswax, two parts, by 
weight; tallow (melted), one part. Melt 
together slowly in a kettle; do not boil. 
Pour hot liquid into cold water. This 
expands iuto a spongy mass. Grease 
hands and as soon as possible work into 
a flat, disk-like piece. Then pull as one 
does molasses candy until it is fine texture 
and white. Add more tallow to make 
softer, more beeswax to make tougher, 
and more resin to make harder. 
Alcoholic wax is made as follows: 
White rosin, 1 lb.; beef tallow, 1 oz.; 
alcohol, 8 oz. (liquid measure). Melt 
resin slowly, add tallow, melt slowly. 
Then remove from stove. Cool for a 
moment or two and add the alcohol. Stir 
slowly and as soon as it is made place 
in closed jars. This wax is used in cold 
weather when the other is not convenient 
to use. T. H T. 
Madison Co., N Y. 
