150 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 24, 1920 
320 Pounds 
Only 320 Lbs. 
Only 
40 lbs. per H. P. 
Compare that weight—40 pounds per 
horsepower—with that of any other 
well-known high grade 8 H. P. farm engine, and 
you will see that the Cushman weighs only 
about one-fourth as much. 
Here is an 8 H. P. farm engine—with 
power enough for most of the farm 
4H.P. 
weighs only 
190 lbs., being only 
48 lbs. per horsepower. Be¬ 
sides doing all ordinary jobs, it may 
be attached to any grain binder, saving a 
team. Also may be used on corn binders 
and potato diggers. 
8 H. P. weighs only 320 lbs., being 
only 40 lbs. per horsepower. For all me- 
Cushman “Does More” 
Electric Light and Power Plant 
It does more for the fanner than 
any other outfit—combining both 
an Electric Light Plant and a 
Portable 4H. P. Power Plant in 
one outfit, at practically the cost 
of an electric light plant. 
Equipped with the famous Cush¬ 
man Engine and Cushman Self- 
Starter. Ask for Book on Light 
Plants. 
dium jobs. Also may be attached to hay press, corn pickers, saw rigs, etc. 
15 H« P■ weighs only 780 lbs., being only 52 lbs. per horsepower. 
For heavier jobs, such as 6-hole corn shellers, ensilage cutters, large feed 
grinders, small threshers, etc. 
20 H. P. weighs only 1200 lbs., being only 60 lbs. per horsepower. For 
heavy duty jobs—shredders, shellers, grain separators, heavy sawing, etc. 
Cushman Engines do not wear unevenly and lose compression. Every running part 
protected from dust and properly lubricated. Equipped with Throttling Governor, Car- 
buretor, Fnction Clutch Pulley and Water Circulating Pump without extra charge. 
Write for Free Book on Light Weight Engines 
CUSHMAN MOTOR WORKS, 847 North 21st Street, Lincoln, Neb. 
Manure is Deficient in Phosphorus 
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS COST DOUBLE THE USUAL PRICE. MAKE YOUR 
MANURE GO AS FAR AS POSSIBLE BY REINFORCING IT WITH 
BARIUM-PHOSPHATE 
ANALYSING 
PHOSPHORIC ACID Grade A 28.00% Grade B 16.00% 
BARIUM SULPHIDE 7.00% 7.00% 
MANURE IS NO MORE A COMPLETE RA TION 
FOR CROPS THAN HAY IS FOR A COW 
The addition of Phosphorus to manure will pay as well as feeding grain with hay. 
A few pounds of B-P scattered each day in the gutters of your barn will 
DOUBLE THE VALUE OF YOUR MANURE 
absorb all liquids, prevent the loss of ammonia and keep the stable sanitary. 
This is a sensible and logical thing to do. 
WHY DON’T YOU TRY IT? 
Our book, “Phosphorus and Manure,” will give you valuable information along these 
lines, and "Cover Crops, Manure and Phosphorus” will show you how to keep a large 
part of your annual fertilizer bill in your pocket. They are free for the asking. 
We can also quote attractive prices on 
GROUND PHOSPHATE ROCK 
(32% Phosphoric Acid) 
NITRATE OF SODA, NITRATE OF POTASH 
Witherbee, Sherman & Company, Inc. 
2 Rector St., New York City 393 Main St., Worcester, Mass. 
Rubber,Rock and Fabric) 
A glove flexible as canvas; 
Water proof as rubber; 
With the wear of rock; 
Offered for your approval. 
Send for a pair to-day. 
No obligation; if satisfied send 
ui 75c—if not return the gloves 
at our expense. 
THE McADOO - AKRON COMPANY 
AKRON, OHIO 
Feeds and Feeding now $2.75 
This standard book by Henry & Mor¬ 
rison has been advanced to .$2.75, at 
which price we can supply it. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street New York 
Saws at 4c a Cord 
Does the Work of lO Men . 
This one-man cross-cut sa 
outfit run by gasoline er 
gine cuts 15 to 35 cords < 
wood a day. One man t 
a boy can handle it. Eaa 
to operate, easy 1 
move. Engine ca 
be use 
for otht 
f a r i 
w o r 
w h e 
notsav 
ing. 
PHILLIPS MAN DRAG SAW I 
Fast money-maker and big labor 
saver. Works anywhere in any weath- [ 
er. Write for description and money-saving offer. | 
THE PHILLIPS DRAG SAW & MFG. CO. 
726 Kemper Bldg., 
Kansas City, Mo. 
Farm Mechanics 
Chestnut Timber for Silos 
Would chestnut timber be advisable for 
constructing a silo? I have some chest¬ 
nut. also hemlock. Which is the more 
desirable for the purpose? c. l. b. 
Caneadea, N. Y. 
Judging from the characteristics of the 
two woods, I can see no reason why 
chestnut would not make a silo equal to 
or better than hemlock, unless there is 
difficulty in obtaining staves (I assume 
that it is a stave silo to which you refer), 
of suitable length aud still keep free from 
knots. Chestnut is more durable than 
hemlock, as you no doubt know from 
your experience with posts, poles, etc. It 
is somewhat heavier, and possibly shrinks 
and checks somewhat worse than hemlock, 
although not noticeably so. The chief 
factors that appear to me as being against 
its use are the possible difficulty of ob¬ 
taining suitable lengths, free from knots, 
and the presence of wormholes, some 
chestnut lumber being badly riddled with 
them. If the chestnut can be obtained iu 
au equal or better quality at an equal or 
lower price than the hemlock, it would 
seem advisable to try it, as its record iu 
*)ther conditions of dampness is excellent. 
Considerable care should be exercised iu 
ordinary plow to the sleighs, either on the 
side or in the rear, and throws the snow 
out, leaving a track which is passable. 
A little travel makes a good road. Some¬ 
times ne has to shovel through the big 
drifts. In case of a severe blockade, the 
neighbors all turn out and help open the 
road. This makes a road for teams only. 
Heavy trucks are coming into use more 
and more, and perhaps a way will he 
found to make the road fit for this use. 
In fact, the question is already beiug dis¬ 
cussed. FRED WHITNEY. 
Jefferson Co., N. Y. 
The way we open the roads here, we 
shovel the large drifts, then we plow the 
road. We hitch a plow behind a sled 
and put a piece of board on the plow, so 
that it will throw the snow out of the 
road. It is the best way when we can 
pass the horses through. Sometimes the 
roads are scraped when soft. The scraper 
is two planks high. It is pointed at one 
end and wide at the other. We put on 
four horses aud pass it through the snow, 
which removes all the snow from the road. 
Clinton Co., N. Y. avilliam snyder. 
We have tried most ways, with large 
rollers, snow plows, etc., but we have such 
huge drifts at times that the only way 
End of Log showing Jinnual flings and the manner 
in which then cross (he ends of boards cut from 
the center of the Log as A-B-C-0. 
Fig. 35 
Boards cut from C and E 
Showing direction of maximuni 
shrinkage and warping due 
to shortening, of Annual 
fangs on drguig. 
Fig. 36 
selecting (staves of any kind of lumber. 
Staves consisting only of heart wood 
make the most rigid silo, one requiring 
the least attention, as the heart wood 
shrinks and swells less under different 
conditions of moisture. This is because 
the heart wood is ripe and mature,' and 
has not the water content in the first 
place that sap wood has. Then, too, 
staves cut from the heart of a tree are, to 
a greater or lesser extent, what is known 
as ‘■comb-grained” or “vertical-grained”; 
i. e., the annual rings of growth cut across 
them at right angles to their face instead 
of being nearly parallel with it, as is the 
case in “plain sawed” lumber shown at 
"E” in the sketch, Fig. 3G. The advan¬ 
tage of this is that, as shrinkage takes 
place largely along these annual rings, 
they, shortening as the lumber dries, the 
staves that are cut from the center of the 
log will do most of their shrinkage in 
thickness where it will do no harm, while 
those cut from the outside of the log will 
shrink in width, which will have a ten¬ 
dency to leave the silo loose in dry weath¬ 
er. This shrinkage, as well as the ten¬ 
dency to warp, is shown in the cut. ■Stave 
width is the dimension that we wish to 
keep constant in silo building. 
Where it is not. possible or convenient 
to obtain staves wholly of heart wood, an 
effort should he made to select those in 
which the sap wood exists as a strip of 
equal width extending the whole length of 
the stave, to insure that shrinkage will 
be uniform and nut leave one portion 
wider than another after drying. Knotty 
staves should be avoided if possible, as 
shrinkage is very uneven where large 
knots occur; also timber is likely to twist 
aud warp badly when drying where this 
condition exists. R. H. s. 
is to shovel through by hand aud then 
drive through with teams with a common 
plow hitched to rear of sleigh, followed 
by others with a heavy iron kettle ox- 
barrel filled with stoue. These beiug 
drawn hack and forth after each storm 
keep the road in best shape of any method 
we have tried. We have fo make turn¬ 
outs at intervals of 100 rods or so, and 
every rig is compelled by law to have 
hells attached to give warning iu time 
to. turn out at the places provided ; other¬ 
wise we would have trouble meeting rigs. 
The townships hire men to keep the roads 
open since we have rural delivery, aud 
I have known the roads to he blocked for 
nearly a week during had storms at times. 
The going is hard at times, with the best 
we can do. The rural carrier has about 
25 miles to make each day, but at times 
he cannot make his trip for several davs. 
The owner of the local bus lines is hav¬ 
ing a rotary snow plow made, which, he 
thinks, will open up the drifts, if he keeps 
at them. c. M. woodward. 
Jefferson Co., N. Y. 
Latest Points on Mushroom Culture 
(Continued from page 146) 
care is taken of all necessary details, and 
if a good crop results we may think we 
know it all and decide we know enough 
to slight some apparently insignificant 
matter that may have an important bear¬ 
ing on the future results. 
There are several books printed on the 
subject that would be valuable for the 
beginner to read, one by Prof. B. M. Dug- 
gar and au other by William Falconer. 
Prof. Duggar’s work is possibly the more 
modern,, and should he very instructive, 
as he is the man who originated the 
present spore culture method of spawn 
manufacture. elmer j. weaver. 
Pennsylvania. 
K. N.-Y.—The illustration, Fig. 34, is 
reproduced from “The Principles of Mush¬ 
room Growing and Mushroom Spawn 
Making.” by B. M. Duggar, Bulletin No. 
85 of the Bureau of Plant Industry. It 
shows a fine cluster of mushrooms pro¬ 
duced from Prof. Duggar’s direct culture 
spawn, the variety being named Columbia. 
Keeping the Roads Open 
The town superintendent divides the 
township into districts, and engages a 
man in each district to look after the 
roads and keep them open during the 
Winter. This be does by attaching an 
“Are you going to pay any attention 
to these epithets that are being hurled at 
you?” “Yes, indeed,” answered Senator 
Sored)um. "I’m having them all carefully 
copied and filed away. I may need them 
when it comes my turn to call names.”— 
Washington Star. 
