‘Ibt RURAL NEW-YORKER 
225 
The Scientific 
Search 
New Jersey Coming Back With New 
Belle X Early Crawford. Fig. 53 
At right, upright habit like Crawford; at left flat 
spreading habit, like Belle 
E XPECTATIONS.—We may now recapitulate to 
see what might be expected in the way of heri¬ 
table characters in crosses among the above varieties. 
FROM Ej 
Desirable 
Yellow flesh 
Quality 
Early ripening 
Fi’eestone 
Bich skin color 
FROM 
Desirable 
Productiveness 
Very early 
Hardiness 
Shape of fruit 
Non-irritability 
FROM 
Desirable 
Yellow flesh 
Freestone 
Mid-season 
Productiveness 
Adaptability 
Shape of fruit 
High color of fruit 
,Y CRAWFORD 
Xof Desirable 
Irritability 
Lack of hardiness 
Poor shipping quality 
Lack of adaptability 
Low productiveness 
JEEXSBORO 
Xot Desirable 
Uneven ripening 
Poor quality 
Clingstone 
White flesh 
ELBERTA 
Xot Desirable 
White flesh 
Bitter flavor 
Irritability 
Lack of hardiness 
Clingstone 
FROM BELLE 
Desirable Xot Desirable 
Yellow flesh? White flesh? 
White flesh Irritability 
Freestone 
Shape of fruit 
High color of fruit 
Early mid-season 
REALIZATION.—The seedlings that first demand¬ 
ed attention were, as expected, those secured by 
crossing Belle with Greensboro. Of the seedlings of 
this cross, 64 were planted in 1916 and 181 in 1917, 
making a total of 245. It was expected that some 
good fruits would result from this cross, and our ex¬ 
pectations were not disappointed. There were also 
five white-fleshed freestones, oval in shape, that 
ripened at the time of Carman, or August 11 and 12. 
Belle X Early Crawford. Fig. 5.) 
Yellow flesh, oval, freestone, good quality; just before 
Elberta 
Part III. 
After testing at least one of these should be secured 
that should-be superior to Carman. All that fruited 
were white fleshed, 37 were* freestones, 50 serni- 
cling and 20 cling. 
POSSIBLE YELLOW VARIETIES.—Of the 132 
that did not fruit this season, what may be expected? 
Most of these were only in the third Summer and 
were on a very rich soil so that an excessive growth 
was made, so much so that a large number of them 
failed to hold the fruit that was set. It is a certain¬ 
ty that some of these, to he exact, eight, will have 
yellow flesh. How is this known? In two ways. Dr. 
U. P. Hedrick established a correlation between the 
color of the inside of the flower and the color of the 
flesh of the fruit. If the inside of the corolia is 
orange, the fruit will be yellow. Our own observa¬ 
tions have established still another correlation with 
respect to the leaves. The midrib of the leaves of 
yellow-fleshed varieties has a yellowish color, while 
that of the white-fleshed varieties is pale green, with¬ 
out a yellow tinge. The difference is not great 
enough, in some cases, for the casual observer to de¬ 
tect. but the trained eye can see it. These seedlings 
that we predict will be yellow have been checked by 
both correlations. What a boon to New .Tei-sey peach 
growers would be a yellow variety at Greensboro sea¬ 
son or a little later. It must be understood, however, 
that the marketability of the fruit was not limited to 
the first three classes. A large number, perhaps two- 
thirds, of the fourth class bore fruit that could be 
marketed in a local market even though the trees 
were not considered worthy of propagation. 
INHERITANCE FROM GOOD VARIETIES.— 
This is a noteworthy illustration of the power of a 
variety of good quality to impress this quality upon 
its progeny. Greensboro, in this case, seemed to pos¬ 
sess the power to influence the ripening date, pulling 
it down more nearly to its own level. From the de¬ 
sirable class were selected still others to be propa¬ 
gated in order to have a few trees for trial in dif¬ 
ferent localities. The number so treated was 14, 
which may be considered remarkable. Practically 
every one of the 14 is worthy of propagation. This 
list will he limited still further, however. 
POSSIBLE CARMAN SUCCESSORS—There are 
several that if they fulfill promises will, in time, of 
course, replace Carman as a commercial variety. 
These are as follows: 
A white oval freestone of bright color which 
ripened August 1. 
A white ovate semi-cling of bright color and large 
size that ripened August 3. 
A white oval semi-cling of bright color that ripen¬ 
ed August 4. 
A white oval freestone of good size and bright 
color that ripened August 5. 
TIME FOR RIPENING.—The first point of inter¬ 
est is in the relative date of ripening. At the College 
Farm, Greensboro ripened about July 24 and Belle 
about August 27 to 30. The expectation was that 
most of the fruit would ripen between July 24 and 
August 30. With the exception of one tree, which 
ripened on July 21, all the seedlings that bore come 
within the period stated. In fact, the great majority 
ripened from August 6 to 17, with two on August 18, 
and only one ou August 30. The greatest number 
ripened within the relatively short period of August 
6 to 12, which is about half way between Gi’eensboro 
and Belle and approximately with Carman, which 
variety should have ripened about August 8. This is 
interesting, for one variety that we desire to im¬ 
prove or replace is Carman. ( To be continued.) 
Cleaning Rusty Water Pipe: Concrete 
Penstock 
1. I have 450 ft. of %-in. galvanized pipe, which has 
been laid 12 years or more, and is getting clogged with 
rust. but. being in use all the time, the rust is soft. Is 
there any practicable way of cleaning most of it out? 
Would steam do it? I suppose it is “steel” pipe instead 
of "iron,” because it started rusting very soon after being 
laid. 2. Can a 2-ft. water penstock 150 ft. long, under 
IS-ft. head, be satisfactorily constructed of concrete? 
Would it be a good plan to dig a ditch, wall the sides 
and bottom square, and put on an arched, reinforced top, 
for water-power turbine? c. s. s. 
Norwalk, Conu. 
1. Perhaps the most practical way of cleaning 
a rusted pipe is to take it up at the elbows and rim 
a stiff wire brush through the sti'aight sections, pull- 
for a Peach 
Varieties 
Belle A' Early Crawford. Fig. 55 
Vigorous upright growth 
ing it back aud forth until the rust is dislodged, and 
then flushing it out. ripe comes in lengths of ap¬ 
proximately 20 ft., so that the joints can he located 
quite closely before digging if it is necessary to open 
the pipe for any reason between elbows. The deposit 
that you speak of may come from the water rather 
than the pipe. Some spring waters leave such a yel¬ 
lowish gi’owth in the pipe through which they flow, 
aud very frequently give trouble from a clogged pipe 
or diminished flow when a small pipe is used. 
Commercial hydrochloric or "muriatic” acid is 
sometimes used for removing rust from pipes. This 
acid. howevei\ will attack the iron as well as the iron 
rust, and should therefore be used with caution and 
not left in the pipe for too long a time. For use it is 
reduced with water, and the degree of reduction 
should be determined by experiment, using as weak 
a solution as will do the work—probably about one- 
half reduction. After treatment the pipe should be 
thoroughly flushed with water to remove all traces 
of the acid. About 12V> gals, of solution will be re¬ 
quired to fill a %-in. pipe 450 ft. in length. If the 
pipe is badly filled with rust it will not. of coui*se, 
hold as much. I woxild recommend the use of the 
wire as being the more practicable method. 
2. In regard to the concrete conduit, such a pen¬ 
stock can he built, but it is doubtful if it can he built 
as cheaply as one made froiu wood with the equip¬ 
ment found ou the average farm. It should have 
both spiral and horizontal reinforcement to resist the 
water pressure and contraction stresses. Concrete 
is quite low in tensile strength—it can be broken 
with comparative ease by pulling on it. It caunot 
stand a stretch. In use it expands or lengthens dur¬ 
ing warm weather, and when a lower temperature 
again comes it shortens or contracts. During con¬ 
traction the ends of the object are pulled toward the 
center or stationaiy part, should the object he fas¬ 
tened at some point. Because of its low teusile 
strength concrete is not sufficiently- strong to resist 
this pull, and cracks develop unless reinforcement 
has been used to prevent it. This is especially time 
in a long narrow object, as a penstock should he. and 
hence the necessity for the horizontal reinforcement. 
r. h. s. 
Belle X Early Crawford. Fig. 56 
White freestone: flavor like Champion : ripening about 
season of Champion; insistent to brown rot 
