350 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
February 21, 1920 
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DEPT. A . MIDDLETOWN, CONN. 
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KELLY BROS. NURSERIES 805 Main St., Dansville, N.Y. ^ 
The Scientific Search for a Peach 
Tart V 
Elberta X Belle. —This is the re¬ 
ciprocal of the previous cross, and, as 
such, might he expected to behave like 
that. However, it must he borne in mind 
that some characters that may he domi¬ 
nant in an individual as the male parent 
become recessive when the individual hear¬ 
ing these characters is used as the female 
parent. Only seven seedlings resulting 
from this cross were planted in 1916, and 
these all bore fruit the past season. The 
remainder, 88 in number, were planted in 
1917 and only one-third of these fruited, 
owing to the rapid growth made by the 
trees. The proportion of seedlings yield¬ 
ing good fruit still continues. Of the 
seedlings of this cross 13 were desirable, 
10 may be desirable, five were not very 
desirable and eight were not desirable, 
giving a total of about 28 out of 36 that 
yielded marketable fruit, or slightly over 
75 per cent. Most of these seedlings ma¬ 
tured theirSfruit within one general group 
from August 28 to September 3, or from 
about the period when Belle began to 
ripen to the period when Elberta began 
to ripen. This is slightly different from 
the behavior of the Belle X “Elberta seed¬ 
lings. but neither of these liad very large 
number to ripen, so that another year’s 
results may change these data. One seed¬ 
ling ripened considerably earlier than the 
rest, on August. 22, and one ripened on 
September 9. Seven of this group were 
considered to have merit and were propa¬ 
gated. Two white and one yellow free¬ 
stones, oval in shape, ripening Scpetember 
1 and 2 were in the list. An oval white 
freestone ripening September 7 and an 
oval yellow freestone ripening September 
9 were also in*the list because of the pos¬ 
sibility of securing a variety to follow El¬ 
berta. The number of freestones was 
high. 25. while five were semi-ding and 
six were clingstones. 
Elberta Self-Pollinated. — Elberta 
is one of the varieties of peaches whose 
seedlings largely resemble the parent, even 
in the case of seedlings from open-pol¬ 
linated seeds. Much more so should this 
be true of self-pollinated seeds, aud so it 
was found. The great majority were 
shaped like Elberta. although some were 
slightly more oval. Some were white, too, 
although only three out of 38. Of the 100 
that did not fruit, one will undobtedly be 
white. This chows that Elberta carries a 
1 factor for white, but it was expected, from 
the behavior of the Belle X Elberta and 
Elberta X Bello seedlings, that more 
white-fleshed fruits would occur among 
the seedlings of Elberta self-pollinated 
However, the number of seedlings is small 
so with a large number a greater propor¬ 
tion of whites would be secured. Most of 
these fruited about Elberta season, begin¬ 
ning August 31 and continuing to Sep¬ 
tember 5. One ripened August 11, one 
August 15 and one on September 8. So 
while most of them follow the example of 
the parent, two ripened earlier than the 
supposed paternal grandparent and one 
about the season of the maternal grand¬ 
parent. The majority were freestones. 
29, with one semi-cling and 11 clingstones. 
Average Quality. —According to mar¬ 
ket quality, the average was again very 
high as 21 were rated desirable and 11 as 
may bo desirable, while four were not 
very desirable and five were not desirable. 
This gives about three-fourths as hearing 
marketable fruit. However, only five sur¬ 
vived to be budded, and tlie’se only be¬ 
cause the actual dessert quality seemed 
to be slightly superior to that of Elberta. 
All of those budded were yellow-fleshed 
and shaped like Elberta and all ripened 
within a day or two ofElberta. The bulk 
of the seedlings from this cross have not 
yet borne fruit, and we are hoping for 
something good next year. 
Elberta X Early Crawford. —This is 
another cross between a variety and its 
assumed pollen parent, and among the 
progeny should be found some good varie¬ 
ties. However, less than half of these 
seedlings have fruited, 31 out of 77, so 
that hopes are held suspended until the 
next fruiting season. A high proportion 
of good fruit was obtained, as 12 were de¬ 
sirable, eight may be desirable, five not 
very desirable and six not desirable. This 
gives us a little better than 75 per cent 
of marketable fruit. The majority of the 
seedlings of this cross ripened from 
August 30 to September 2. One ripened 
August IS and four on September 5, G 
and 7. The most desirable ones were 
propagated, an oval yellow freestone va¬ 
riety ripening on August 31 and one oval 
white freestone ripening on the same 
date; one- oval yellow freestone ripening 
on each September 2 and 5. Approxi¬ 
mately one-fourth were white. 6 to 35 yel¬ 
low, and 21 were freestones, one semi- 
cling and nine clingstones. 
Early Crawford X Elberta. —Acci¬ 
dents sometimes occur. The one in ques¬ 
tion was somewhat of a misfortune to this 
work, as an Italian picker was allowed to 
attack a tree that had been operated upon 
in the Spring, part of the blossoms being 
allowed to self-pollinate and the rest pol¬ 
linated with Elberta, Belle and Greens¬ 
boro. All were picked into one basket. 
That year’s results were lost, so far as 
records are concerned. However, the 
seeds were planted, mixed as they were, 
and in time came to fruit, with the result 
that one of these seedlings seems to be 
one of the most striking of the series. 
There is no question about the parentage. 
We know that it is a seedling of Early 
Crawford and the characters of Elberta 
are so largely displayed that there is no 
doubt that Elberta is the male parent. It 
has the same shape and coloring as El¬ 
berta and the stone is almost identical 
with that variety. The most important 
fact of all. however, is that it is ripe 
about a week before Elberta and possesses 
a dessert quality that is far superior. 
This is a good start-to one of our ideals. 
Ripening Period.— A number of seed¬ 
lings of this cross that were planted in 
1918 bore fruit the past season. All of 
these ripened their fruit from August 27 
to September 3 with the largest number 
on August 31 and September 1. This 
makes the ripening date about interme¬ 
diate between Early Crawford and El¬ 
berta. And they are all yellow fleshed. 
The white factor in Elberta is entirely 
subservient to the yellow of Early Craw¬ 
ford. This applies also to those seedlings 
that have not yet fruited. The percent¬ 
age of marketable fruit was high also from 
this cross. Eleven trees were desirable, 
three may be desirable, three not very de¬ 
sirable and five not desirable. However, 
there was no one of these that was strik¬ 
ing enough to be propagated, but some of 
the best are to remain in the orchard*for 
further testing. Twelve were freestones, 
two semi-cling and eight clingstones. 
Elberta X Greensboro. —This is about 
the. poorest cross that was made in this 
series. Of the 34 seedlings that fruited, 
not one was desirable, 18 may be desir¬ 
able, four not very desirable and 12 not 
desirable. The poor quality of Elberta 
with the relatively poor quality of Greens¬ 
boro have made their imprint upon the 
progeny. What a contrast to the Belle 
X Greensboro cross, when at least one- 
fifth were desirable. Even in this case, 
however, where none could meet the high 
standard set. more than half had market¬ 
able fruit. The ripening dates set them¬ 
selves in three groups: One from August 
2 to 7 ; one from August 11 to 17, and one 
from August 28 to September 1. All, so 
far, are earlier than Elberta. The first 
group was a little later than Greensboro, 
the second and largest group about the 
season of Canpan and the last group 
about the season of Belle. In the case 
of this cross the white of Greensboro is 
dominant and. including those that did 
not fruit. 107 should be white and 10 yel¬ 
low. Of those that fruited 14 were free¬ 
stones, 10 semi-cling and 10 clingstones. 
Early Crawford Self-Pollinated.— 
Very few of the offspring of this union 
fruited in this season. One of the faults 
of Early Crawford as a variety is that it 
is late coming into bearing. What trees 
did bear had small crops, so that a 
true index of their value was not obtain¬ 
able. However, two of the six were 
classed as desirable an<^ three as may be 
desirable, while one was not. desirable. 
The ripening dates are enigmatic, as they 
extend from August 11 to 31. All of the 
fruits borne were freestones. An inter¬ 
esting fact that cropped up was the dis¬ 
closing that this variety seemingly carries 
a factor for white flesh, as one out of six 
that bore had white flesh and two out of 
55 that did not bear will probably have 
white flesh. The proportion is small, but 
this may, in the fulfillment of the experi¬ 
ment, explain the behavior of this variety 
in crosses. All that fruited were free¬ 
stones. 
Early Crawford X Greensboro.— 
Only 16 out of 39 of this cross fruited, 
and the average of quality is poor, duly 
two were desirable, five may be desirable, 
two were not very desirable and seven 
were not desirable. Greensboro again ex¬ 
erted its poor qualities. All of the fruits 
will be white, in those that did not bear 
as well as those that did bear. The ma¬ 
jority ripened on August 10, 11 and 12, 
with one on July 30 and one on August 
14. Tt does not indicate much, owing to 
the small number. Five were freestones, 
four semi-cling and seven clingstones, an¬ 
other example of the prepotency of 
Greensboro in the case of a weak yellow 
variety. 
Crosses with 8t. John. —A second se¬ 
ries of crosses was introduced in 1915, 
and the seedlings were planted in 1917. 
The direct object of this cross was the 
securing of high quality, yellow-fleshed 
fruits that would be hardy and vigorous 
in growth. Two crosses were made in this 
series. St. John was selected for the 
seed parent in both cases. This variety is 
a beautiful peach of mild flavor but ex¬ 
cellent quality, a freestone ripening just 
after Carman. Unfortunately, the variety 
lacks vigor in growth, matures late, is an 
uncertain cropper and is very irritable. 
The fruit possesses poor shipping quality. 
In choosing the pollen parents, vigor in 
growth and hardiness, together with curli¬ 
ness of maturity and early season ripen¬ 
ing were the prime considerations. Greens¬ 
boro and Early Wheeler were the chosen 
ones. Greensboro is well known and has 
already been described. Early Wheeler 
(or Red Bird Cling) is a very early 
ripening variety, maturing its fruits about 
a week or 10 days earlier than Greens¬ 
boro. The fruit is large, round, highly 
colored, ■bifh* it is a clingstone and the 
flesh is rubbery in texture. The quality 
is not bad if you can separate the juice 
from the flesh. 
