362 
<Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 21, 1920 
Don’t Pay Freight on Water 
Spray with 
Niagara Soluble Sulphur Compound 
I a Powder i'oroj 
( The Original Soluble Sulphur in Powder Form) 
THIS SCIENTIFIC POWDERED SPRAY 
MATERIAL ASSURES CLEAN, 
TOP-OF-THE MARKET FRUIT 
Dissolves instantly in cold or hot water. Will keep indefinitely 
in any climate. Will not crystallize. Sticks like paint. Eight 
years’ actual use has proven it to be the most economical, effi¬ 
cient, practical and convenient spray material on the market. 
CONSIDER THIS COMPARISON 
600-Ib. Barrel against 100 -lb. Drum 
SPRAYING TREES 
is a Business Proposition 
Niagara Soluble Sulphur 
Compound is absolutely the 
best spray material for the 
control of San Jose Scale, 
Peach leaf curl, and other 
similar orchard troubles. 
This year it actually costs 
less than any other sulphur 
spray material and also 
costs less to haul and han¬ 
dle. No barrel to return, 
no leakage, no crystalliza¬ 
tion. Kfc< s n ( i indefinitely 
anywhere, auc_ s better 
Standard Barrel 
commercial lime and 
sulphur. 1 his 50 gal¬ 
lons of liquid weighs 
600 lbs., of which 75 % 
iswater and package. Im¬ 
possible to prevent leakage. 
Standard 
Drum 
Niagara Solu¬ 
ble Sulphur 
Compound. 
This 100 pounds 
of powdered Ma¬ 
terial is equival¬ 
ent to 60 gallons 
of liquid. Leak¬ 
age impossible. 
Don'tacceptsub- 
stitutes andimita- 
ti.,ns called dry 
lime and sulphur. 
than liquid or dry lime and 
sulphur. Again we say. Don’t Pay Freight on Water. 
We have the' facts about producing Quality Fruit. They are 
yours for the asking. Send today for our Up-to-the-Minute Spray 
calendar. Live information about spraying from the very best 
sources. 
NIAGARA SPRAYER CO., 157 Main St., Middleport,N.Y. 
Manufacturers of AH Kinds of Spray Materials andSulphu, 
make a full line ofiSprayers for every purpose. The 
Hudson Compressed Air Sprayer is the only one made with a 
tank riveted like a steam boiler. This is* the highest pressure compressed air 
sprayer made. Throws better spray, does more work. One pumping will spray 
approximately 1000 hills of potatoes. Equipped with combination nozzle suitable 
for light or heavy mixtures. Can be furnished with an extension for spraying 
fruit trees. Catalog describes the complete Hudson Line of Crop-Saving S pray ers. 
HUDSON MFG. CO., Pept.814 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
New Book 
on Spraying 
FREE! 
Every farmer and orchardist should have a copy of this free 
book. Tells how, when and what to spray. 
We’ll gladly send a copy postpaid on request 
CropSaving 
Sprayers 
MANURE IS DEFICIENT IN 
PHOSPHORUS 
DOUBLE ITS VALUE BY REINFORCING IT WITH 
BARIUM-PHOSPHATE 
ANALYSING 
PHOSPHORIC ACID Grade A 28.00% Grade B 16.00% 
BARIUM SULPHIDE 7.00% 7.00% 
MANURE IS NO MORE A COMPLETE RATION 
FOR CROPS THAN HA Y IS FOR A COW 
The addition of Phosphorus to manure will pay as well as feeding grain with bay. 
A few pounds of B-P scattered each day in the gutters of your barn will 
DOUBLE THE VALUE OF YOUR MANURE 
absorb all liquids, prevent the loss of ammonia and keep the stable sanitary. 
This is a sensible and logical tiling to do. 
WHY DON'T YOU TRY IT? 
Our book. “Phosphorus and Manure," will give you valuable Information along these 
lines, and “Cover Crops, Manure and phosphorus” will show you how to keep a large 
part of your annual fertilizer bill In your pocket. They are free for the asking. 
We can also quote attractive prices on carload lots of 
GROUND PHOSPHATE ROCK 
AND 
NITRATE OF SODA 
Witherbee, Sherman & Company, Inc. 
2 Rector St., New York City 393 Main St., Worcester. Mass 
[ 
- ' - ”1 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a **square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
New York Horticultural Society 
Part IV 
Dust vs. Spray. —Prof. H. H. Whet- 
zel of Cornell University spoke on “The 
Present Status of Dusting the Orchard. 
He said the summary of four years of 
spraying and dusting is that the results 
were slightly in favor of dusting. Dust¬ 
ing experiments have been.tried in Mich¬ 
igan for several years, with the results 
about the same as in New York. In the 
last two years the growers got better re¬ 
sults with dusting. This shows that bet¬ 
ter results are obtained as we learn how 
better to apply the dust. Illinois in three 
years of dusting and spraying found there 
was a very small margin in favor of 
spraying, which we may imagine was 
caused by inefficient applications of the 
dust. Reports from other States run 
about the same. The summary of experi¬ 
mental data is that dusting has given full 
as good results as spraying with apple 
scab and codling moth. 
New Fruits. —G. II. Howe of Geneva 
Experiment Station reported on new 
fruits. lie said there has been increased 
plantings of the Delicious apple, and it 
i 6 growing in favor. King David is a 
good dessert apple. It is too small for a 
i commercial apple. The June Alberta 
peach is recommended. It is extremely 
hardy and is worth trying. The Pacific 
plum is not hardy, but it is large and pro- 
' lific in the peach belt. The Ontario grape 
is like Diamond, only earlier. 
Pruning Experience. —An address was 
given on “Some Preliminary Results from 
Pruning Experiments” by Prof. W. H. 
Chandler of Cornell University. lie said 
that with apples they have trees trained 
in a number of different ways. One is to 
permit the tree largely to shape itself, 
only crossing and interfering branches are 
removed. Another is the open head, 
though while the tree is young the head 
is not kept very open. Usually only five 
main branches are permitted to grow, and 
of these the four lower ones are kept 
longer than the uppermost one. This is 
to avoid bad splitting forks formed by 
branches of equal size. The secondary 
branches on these main branches are left 
pruned back to prevent the formation of 
bad spliting forks out on the main 
branches, and to prevent the interweav¬ 
ing of the secondary branches of one 
branch among those of another. Since in 
the natural growth of the tree the upper 
branch would not necessarily be larger 
than the others, and since there would 
naturally be much interweaving of sec¬ 
ondary branches, this form has required a 
considerable amount of pruning. With 
such varieties as Wealthy, Rome, Wage- 
ner, Hubbardston and Northern Spy not 
a large amount of pruning is required, 
but very large amounts are required to 
force spreading forms like Baldwin. Rhode 
Island Greening and Tompkins King into 
that form. It will be seen that much more 
fruit has been borne on the trees receiving 
little pruning. The smallest amount has 
been borne by those trained to the'open 
head, and these have received the largest 
amount of pruning. Experiments include 
pears, plums and cherries. Owing to the 
effects of severe Winters, however, they 
have little conclusive data for the pears 
and cherries. In case of the plum, prun¬ 
ing to secure an open head has not re¬ 
duced the fruitfulness of the young trees 
as much as it has in case of the apple. 
There is evidence in spite of the fact that 
pruning seems to stimulate increased 
growth, it is in reality a dwarfing process. 
The reason for this dwarfing is the reduc¬ 
tion of the leaf surface, due to the re¬ 
moval of twigs containing the buds that 
would open into leafy twigs or spurs. 
There has been a very marked reduction, 
however, in the root growth of pruned 
trees. We cannot hope, therefore, to se¬ 
cure any form different from that which 
is natural to the tree, without this dwarf¬ 
ing and reduced fruitfulness while the 
tree is young. We must not conclude, 
however* that such pruning is undesirable 
from the standpoint of the entire life of 
the tree. 
Handling the Apple Crop.— “Is there 
a Better Method of Handling the Apple 
Crop in New York State?” was the sub¬ 
ject of an address by Charles S. Wilson, 
Commissioner of Agriculture, Albany, N. 
Y. He said in part. Only a short con¬ 
versation with the applemen in Ne\v York 
City convinces one that the barrel is still 
the package for New York State, and 
one’s confidence in it is raised at once. 
Here are some of the statements from 
these men : “Don’t box New York State 
apples, or basket them either.” “The box 
apple for the East is not practical or de¬ 
sired.” “If the East should shift to the 
box pack, it would place itself squarely in 
competition with the Northwest.” “Or¬ 
dinarily the trade in boxed or barreled 
apples is distinct and continuous.” “West¬ 
ern New York needs no other package 
than the barrel.” Further argument to 
convince us of the truth of this statement 
is found in the selling price of barreled 
fruit this Winter. By the barrel, Rhode 
Island Greenings brought $8 to.$12; Mc¬ 
Intosh, $8 to $15, and Northern Spy, $6 
to $12. On the same market Western- 
boxed Esopue were quoted at $2.50 to 
$3.40; McIntosh, $2 50 to $3.20, and 
Rome at $1.80 to $2.70. Bulk for bulk, 
then, the best grade of New York fruit in 
the barrel brought fully as much and often 
more than the boxed product from the 
West. The evidence gathered in the mar¬ 
kets and based upon business transac¬ 
tions, not upon theory, indicates that the 
barrel is the best package for New York 
apples. 
Advertising the Product. —President 
U. P. Hedrick said New York fruits have 
a reputation for high quality among those 
who know them. Why not advertise high 
quality fruit? The West has us beaten 
on size and color. Let the East advertise 
“Quality Fruits,” and the public will 
soon buy them in preference to Western 
fruits, which have but bulk and color of 
their hide to recommend them. This so¬ 
ciety should make the public familiar with 
the names and qualities of New Y T ork 
fruits. With this knowledge, fruit-buy¬ 
ers would pay the difference between the 
cost of good and poor varieties just as 
they pay more for a porterhouse steak 
than for a pot-roast. The West has taken 
the best markets; to regain them. New 
York must advertise the high quality of 
her fruits. About 325 co-operative asso¬ 
ciations are now in operation in New 
York, a goodly portion of which have to 
do with fruit-growing, and in nearly all of 
which fruit-growers should have an inter¬ 
est. There are now 10 co-operative asso¬ 
ciations among the fruit-growers fede¬ 
rated in the Niagara District Association 
and several others have been formed in 
neighboring counties. The hope of our 
organization, of course, lies in collective 
bargaining. The legal status of collective 
bargaining has been questioned. The 
members of this society must use their 
influence in every way possible to prevent 
the enactment of laws prejudicial to col¬ 
lective bargaining and to secure laws fa¬ 
vorable to it. Whether or not collective 
bargaining is justified for other indus¬ 
tries, there are special reasons why this 
privilege should be granted to farmers. 
Replies to Questions.— Plant McIn¬ 
tosh apple trees where there is not too 
much scab. It is a good proposition if 
you spray. It starts bearing at five years. 
There is a large market for it. It sells 
for highest prices. It does best on light 
soil. The Honey Sweet raspberry is 
worthy of a trial. It does not pay to use 
very much fertilizer of any kind in orch¬ 
ards where a system of cultivation and 
cover crops is practiced. Nitrate of soda 
has proved profitable on apples in sod. 
Prof. Hedrick said that fertilizer had not 
made any difference in the color of fruit 
at N. Y. State Experiment Station. Plant 
McIntosh apples 40 feet each way. It is 
a good, strong grower. There is no dan¬ 
ger of its being over-planted in 50 years. 
The McIntosh should not be pruned very 
much. Mr. Allis believes in the “pink 
spray” with lime and sulphur; strength 
1 to 40. Prof. Hedrick said McIntosh ap¬ 
ples could be top-worked on Spy stock, 
but did not advise it when trees can be 
purchased. When trimming young apple 
trees let the tree take its natural form, 
except to cut out branches that crowd or 
cross. Do not cut out the central leader. 
There is a good showing of fruit buds for 
this year’s apple crop. The prospect for 
the apple crop was never better. Peach 
trees that had brown rot last year are 
more susceptible to rot next year. It de¬ 
pends on weather conditions. The only 
safe way is to spray with self-boiled lime 
and sulphur, making first application 
when blossoms are pink. Spray peaches 
for leaf curl before the buds start. Fall 
spraying has been successful. Golden De¬ 
licious apples are very fine. Trees are 
vigorous. 
Resolutions Adopted. —The Society 
went on record in resolutions adopted 
in asking for larger appropriations for 
the State College of Agriculture, Cornell 
University, and for the New York State 
Experiment Station. At the State Col¬ 
lege funds for four new buildings were 
asked for, and to increase the salaries 
of the faculty of the college and experi¬ 
ment station. It was also recommended 
that the Society increase the salary of 
its secretary so that it will enable him 
to spend all his time working for it; that 
the New York Experiment Station be 
furnished with funds to conduct experi¬ 
ments to determine the comparative merits 
of dusting and spraying fruits and vege¬ 
tables; that the United States Senators 
immediately ratify the Peace Treaty and 
League of Nations’ Couvenant, and it 
asks that the compulsory health insur¬ 
ance bill be defeated by legislators. 
Reorganizing Agriculture. — G. S. 
Creelman, president of the College of 
Agriculture. Guelph, Canada, spoke on 
“The Reorganizing of Agriculture.” lie 
said organization has greatly stimulated 
production and given better quality. 
Almost every branch of productive enter¬ 
prise are now organized for this purpose. 
All our live stock is now efficient because 
of local breeders’ organizations. Produc¬ 
tion of dairy and poultry products are 
being more than doubled by breeding and 
more scientific feeding. Crop production 
is being greatly increased by the more 
progressive farmers. Farmers are on the 
way to wealth and some are realizing on 
their labors. Yet there is complaint, and 
we want to know what is the matter with 
agriculture. Why are not boys and girls 
looking to the farm for an occupation? 
The farmers arc feeling there is some¬ 
thing wrong with the political policy of 
the country. w. H. J. 
